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类型(全国卷)2019届高三英语二轮复习 专题五 短文改错讲义.doc

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    1、1专题五 短文改错短文改错 4 步曲先看词法技法一 注意可数名词单复数,不可数名词要记清,谨防名词所有格(一)可数名词单复数1(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. 解析:chickenchickens 短语 dozens of“许多” ,后面接可数名词复数,此处应用chicken 的复数形式。2(2018全国卷)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the

    2、sitting room. 解析:sortsorts all 修饰可数名词 sort,应用其复数形式 sorts。3(2018全国卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” 解析:mistakemistakes 根据语境可知,此处表示“从课本和错误中学习” ,mistake 是可数名词,错误不止一个,因此用复数形式。4(

    3、2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!” 解析:wordwords 根据“Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turn left!”可知,教练发出了三种指令,故用 word 的复数形式 words。5(20166 月浙江高考)When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later. 解析:childrenchil

    4、d 根据主语 I 和冠词 a 可知,此处表示“当我是个孩子时” ,故用 child 的单数形式。6(2016全国卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 解析:yearyears 根据“from 13 to 19”可知,year 用其复数形式。7(2018太原阶段测评)It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effective communication. 解析:languagelanguag

    5、es“one of可数名词复数”为固定用法,故此处应用2language 的复数形式。8My favourite sport is swimming, so I decided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend, Wang Fei and Li Lei. 解析:friendfriends 根据该句中的“Wang Fei and Li Lei”可知,作者和两个朋友一起去游泳了。friend 为可数名词,故用复数形式。(二)熟记不可数名词不可加s 或es9(2017全国卷)Besides, they often get s

    6、ome useful informations from the Internet. 解析:informationsinformation information 为不可数名词,没有复数形式。10(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 解析:knowledgesknowledge knowledge 意为“知识” ,为不可数名词,没有复数形式。11(2018山西八校第一次联考)Whats more, Id like to d

    7、o some houseworks so that my parents can have a good rest. 解析:houseworkshousework housework 意为“家务” ,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。12(2018赣州十四县市联考)Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appreciate your support. 解析:progressesprogress progress 意为“进步,前进” ,是不可数名词,没有复数形式。(三)注意名词所有格13(2018全国卷)Whe

    8、n I was little, Fridays night was our family game night. 解析:FridaysFriday 名词 Friday 修饰 night,意为“星期五晚上” 。14(2018福州质量检测)But with my teammates encouragement, I was able to communicate smoothly with them. 解析:teammatesteammates 由语境“在我的队友们的鼓励下”可知,teammates作定语修饰 encouragement,故用其所有格形式。15(2018江西五校第一次联考)In a

    9、ddition, the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food. 解析:hostesshostess 这里指女主人的厨艺,应用名词所有格。 技法二 代词务必梳理句意,分清句子成分是关键(一)前后逻辑要一致 31(2018全国卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.

    10、 They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. 解析:usme 根据语境可知,谈话的宾语是“我” ,故 us 应改为人称代词的宾格me。2(2017全国卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. 解析:allboth 或去掉 all Mr.and Mrs.Zhang 是两个人,应用 both 作同位语或去掉 all。all 指三者或三者以上。3(2016全国卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make

    11、 decisions by yourself. 解析:yourselfmyself 指代关系不一致,根据语境可知表示“我自己” ,反身代词应该与 I 一致,故把 yourself 改为 myself。4(2016四川高考)Dad cleaned the house, and then went shopping.When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. 解析:herhis 句意:爸爸打扫了房子,然后去购物。当他回来时,我发现他的手里拿了一束花。这里指爸爸的手里拿着花,故将 her 改为 his。5(2018合肥市第一次

    12、质量检测)But when I saw many people enjoying myself in the water, my fear was reducing. 解析:myselfthemselves enjoy oneself 为固定搭配,意为“玩得开心” 。此处反身代词代指“many people” ,故把 myself 改为 themselves。 (二)仔细分析句子成分修饰名词常用形容词性物主代词,单独使用常用名词性物主代词,宾语常用代词的宾格;注意反身代词。6(2018全国卷)I had done myself homework, but I was shy. 解析:mysel

    13、fmy/the 此处意为“我的作业或这次作业” ,homework 应用形容词性物主代词 my 或定冠词 the 修饰。7When kids are confused about their problems or difficulties, parents active involvement in growth can make a great difference. 解析:growth 前加 their 此处表示父母积极参与他们(孩子)的成长过程有很大作用,故要在 growth 前加 their(代替 kids)以使语意更加明确。8(2018石家庄检测)I just kept feeli

    14、ng sorry for me.However, after a few days, I decided not to let one single loss keep me from doing what I love. 解析:第一个 memyself 句子的主语是 I, “我”为“我自己”感到难过,故要用反身代词。4(三)牢记两组代词区别many 代替可数名词,much 代替不可数名词;表示“别的;另外的;其他的”用other,表示“(三者或三者以上)另外的一个”用 another。9(2018全国卷)The first time I went there, they were livin

    15、g in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. 解析:anotherother another“又一,再一” ,后接单数可数名词;复数可数名词前用 other“其他的,别的” ,此处表示“有狗、鸭子,还有其他的动物” ,所以应该用other。10(2016全国卷)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 解析:manymuch 此处应用代词 much 指代 much money,作动词 cost 的宾语;many通常指代可数名词复数。技法三 冠词认定标志词,兼顾读

    16、音和意思(一)看冠词是否错用1(2017全国卷)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 解析:第一个 aan/one hour 虽然以辅音字母开头,但 h 不发音,其读音以元音音素开头,故 a 改为 an。表示“一个半小时”可用 an/one hour and a half。2(2015全国卷)Tony saw a toy in a shop window .Tony was scared and began to cry.A woman

    17、saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. 解析:outside 后的 athe 特指上文提到的这家商店,因此要用定冠词 the。故把 a改为 the。3He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted. 解析:ana European 的读音以辅音音素开头,故用 a。4(2018日照联考)Im delighted to tell you that our school photograph club is going to hold a International

    18、 Photograph Show. 解析:aan 根据单词“International”的读音以元音音素开头可知,此处应用an。5(2018福州八县市一中联考)Thirdly, reading may contribute to finding solutions to our own problems.Finally, reading is a enjoyable experience. 解析:aan enjoyable 是读音以元音音素开头的单词,该处表示泛指,故用不定冠词 an。(二)看冠词是否多余6(2016全国卷)At the first, I thought I knew ever

    19、ything and could make 5decisions by myself. 解析:去掉 the at first“起初;一开始” ,为固定短语。7(2018南昌市一模)I think its a great fun and I can make more friends. 解析:去掉 a fun 意为“乐趣” ,为不可数名词,故前面不用冠词 a。8(2018石家庄检测二)In addition to these tasks, robots will even be able to play the chess and do exercise with people. 解析:去掉 t

    20、he chess“国际象棋” ,表示乐器、棋类、球类运动的名词前不用冠词。9Thirdly, youll have to share with each other and make the good friends. 解析:去掉 the friends 为名词复数,表示泛指,其前不需要用冠词。(三)看冠词是否缺失10(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 解析:countryside 前加 the go to the count

    21、ryside 意为“去农村;去乡下” ,是固定搭配。11(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. 解析:first 前加 the/my 序数词前应加定冠词 the;本句中也可用形容词性物主代词,表示“我(学开车)的第一天” 。12(2016全国卷)If we stay at home, it is comfortable and there is no need to spend

    22、 money.But in that case,we will learn little about world. 解析:world 前加 the world 是独一无二的事物,前面要加定冠词 the。13(2016四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. 解析:kitchen 前加 the 此处表示特指“我”家的厨房,故应用定冠词 the。14(2018石家庄检测)But I failed to get one.I was really upset.I felt like failure. 解析

    23、:failure 前加 a “我”感觉自己像是一个“失败的人” 。failure 作“失败的人或事”时为可数名词,此处表泛指且 failure 的读音以辅音音素开头,故在其前加 a。技法四 介词记准搭配用法,杜绝多余成分的干扰(一)看介词搭配是否正确1(2018全国卷)They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. 解析:forwith play games with sb.意为“和某人一起玩

    24、游戏” 。2(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the 6middle on the road. 解析:onof in the middle of .“在的中间” 。此处意为“道路的中央” ,表示所属关系,而 on 后跟地点表示“在上面” ,故把 on 改为 of。3(2016全国卷)I showed them I was independent by wearing strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college. 解析:tofor leave .for .

    25、“离开某地到另外一个地方” 。故 to 应改为 for。4It may result in the demands of modern life and some other reasons. 解析:infrom 此处应表示“由导致或引起的” ,故要用 result from。result in“导致” 。5(2019东北三省四市一模)I realized the experience was in great value and nothing was more exciting than communicating with people. 解析:inof be of great valu

    26、e 为固定搭配,意为“很有意义” 。(二)看介词是否多余或缺失6(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. 解析:去掉第二个 of realize 表示“认识到,意识到”是及物动词,其后直接跟 how引导的宾语从句,故其后的介词 of 多余。7(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. 解析:dreams 后加 of dream of doing st

    27、h.“梦想做某事” ,为固定用法。8(2018太原二模)Just being active, like when you run around at outside or play basketball at school, is a type of exercise. 解析:去掉第一个 at outside 为副词,意为“在外面” ,可直接作状语,其前不需要介词,故应去掉介词 at。9(2018武汉市武昌区调研)As a matter of fact, a great many of big companies in our city are hoping to employ people

    28、like you. 解析:去掉第二个 of a great many 是固定短语,意思是“大量的” ,修饰可数名词,后面直接接可数名词的复数形式,不用加介词 of。10Therefore, I think its a good idea for you to return.So what are you waiting? 解析:waiting 后加 for wait 是不及物动词,接宾语时要加介词 for,本句中waiting for 的宾语是疑问代词 what。 11(2018安徽名校联考)In the end, I managed to reach on the top of the mo

    29、untain. 7解析:去掉 on 句意:最后,我成功到达了山顶。reach 为及物动词,后面直接接地点,不用介词。12(2018昆明检测)Certainly, it was an interesting experience! I would thank for those who encouraged me to experience this kind act. 解析:去掉 for thank 是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语,所以应去掉 for。13One day when I was on my way to home from school, I found a building on

    30、fire.Immediately I called the firefighters. 解析:去掉 to on ones way home 意为“在某人回家的路上” 。14(2018江西五校第一次联考)Im very glad to receive your email asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with. 解析:arranged 后加 for arrange for sb.to do sth.意为“安排某人做某事” ,为固定搭配。15A big storm destroy

    31、ed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 deaths. 解析:去掉 on Friday 前有 last 修饰,前面不用介词。技法五 形容词副词容易考,成分分析最重要(一)分析句子成分,看形容词副词是否用错1(2018全国卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. 解析:happilyhappy 本句中 felt 是系动词,意为

    32、“觉得” ,后面应用形容词作表语,故 happily 应改为 happy。2(2018全国卷)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand. 解析:ImmediateImmediately 此处为副词作状语,修饰后面的动作 raised my hand。3(2017全国

    33、卷)A few minutes late,the instructor asked me to stop the car. 解析:l atelater late 意为“迟,晚” 。 “一段时间later”表示“一段时间之后” ,故把 late 改为 later。4(2017全国卷) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road. 解析:suddenlysudden 该句中的 stop 是名词,应用形容词修饰,所以把 suddenly改为 sudden。85(2017全国卷)In thei

    34、r spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house. 解析:interestinginterested 此处是描述主语 they 的心理状态, be interested in“对感兴趣” 。6(2017全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. 解

    35、析:earlierearly 修饰动词或动词短语需用副词,且此处叙述他们经常早起这一事实,没有比较的含义,所以用副词 early 的原级。7First, parents can be close connected with their children through regular communication. 解析:closeclosely 此处表示“紧密地联系在一起” ,要用副词 closely。注意:close 作副词时表示距离或者时间上“接近” 。8Second, parents instruction seems to be very importance to their ch

    36、ildren growth. 解析:importanceimportant 根据前面的“seems to be very”可知此处要用形容词 important 作表语。9For one reason, what you are studying is bad needed nowadays in China. 解析:badbadly 修饰动词 needed,要用副词,而不能用形容词。10(2018昆明检测)It made me delighting that people loved it! Many smiles, free hugs, and photos brought a city

    37、of strangers together. 解析:delightingdelighted delight 意为“使高兴” ,它的形容词有两种形式:delighting“令人高兴的” ,一般修饰物,delighted“高兴的” ,一般形容人。此处表示“人们喜欢它使我高兴” ,形容的是人,所以把 delighting 改为 delighted。(二)根据语境特殊词汇巧辨比较级结构11(2018全国卷)I had done my homework, but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.

    38、解析:largerlarge 此处指一大群人,与上下文无比较关系。因此将 larger 改为large。12(2016全国卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life. 解析:worseworst 根据并列连词 and 前用了最高级“the best”可知,应用最高级worst 修饰 years。13(2015陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help. 解析:betterbest 根据该句中的“in the

    39、world”及前面的 the 可知,此处应用形9容词的最高级。14(2018广州调研)Salesmen and waiters are two of the much common jobs that students try to find during the summer months. 解析:muchmost 该处指“最常见的” ,故用最高级。15(2018太原二模)By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them strong than before. 解析:strongstronger 根据“than”可知

    40、此处应用比较级形式,故 strong 改为stronger。技法六 非谓语动词不太难,分析成分、看准搭配是关键(一)看句型/动词搭配是否正确,介词宾语是否为动名词形式1(2018全国卷)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. 解析:sellselling 此处动词位于介词 by 后,应用动名词形式,故 sell 改为selling。2(2018全国卷)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; othe

    41、rs were nervous and anxious. 解析:eager 后加 to be eager to do sth.意为“渴望做某事” 。3(2017全国卷)When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 解析:pick 前加 to invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事” 。4(2018洛阳市第一次统考)They think that my story is well worth read and that I am good at writing.I b

    42、elieve I will achieve my dream. 解析:readreading be worth doing sth.“值得做某事” ,故应把 read 改为reading。5(2018郑州第一次质量预测)Were never going to have enough time explore everything! 解析:time 后加 to 句意:我们永远不会有足够的时间去探索一切。have time to do sth.意为“有时间去做某事” ,为固定搭配,故在 time 后加 to。6(2018郑州第一次质量预测)Then someone said, “Why not t

    43、rying the cave dwellings (住宅) here?” We thought he was joking, but here we are really in a cave dwelling and its wonderful. 解析:tryingtry 此处为 why not 句式,why not 后跟动词原形。(二)谓语动词与非谓语动词是否混用7(2018全国卷)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon 10to read his or her paragraph aloud. 解析:waitwai

    44、ting 分析句子结构可知,was 为谓语动词,主语 Everyone 与 wait之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语,表示伴随,因此将 wait 改成 waiting。8Besides, there is a long holiday waits for me after the College Entrance Examination.And I can travel anywhere I like then. 解析:waitswaiting 分析句子结构可知,wait 与其逻辑主语 holiday 之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作后置定语。9(2018广州调研)They send lett

    45、ers to businesses, going to job interviews, and ask their friends and relatives for help. 解析:goinggo 根据语境可知,该句陈述的是当前的行为,且此处与 send, ask 并列作谓语,故应用动词原形。10Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. 解析:LocatingLocated (be) located in

    46、.意为“坐落于” ,为固定短语,在句中作状语,故应用 Located。11(2018湖北八校第一次联考)Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be exciting. 解析:hanghanging 句意:第二,看电影、听音乐或者和朋友们出去玩也会令人很兴奋。分析句子结构可知,谓语 will also be 前面的部分为主语;由 seeing a film, listening to music 可以判断,hang out 与它们并列,也应当用动名词作主语。(三)分词作定语

    47、时是否混用12At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mothers Day!” Mom was grateful and moving. 解析:movingmoved 句意:吃饭的时候,我们跟妈妈说:“母亲节快乐!”妈妈很感激也很感动。moving 和 moved 都是由动词 move 演变来的形容词,moving 表示“(物或事)令人感动的” ,moved 表示“(人)感动的” 。13(2018赣州十四县市联考)However, what still makes me puzzling is how to make my dream to go to a top university come true. 解析:puzzlingpuzzl

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