1、中考题型解读,第二节 语法选择(15小题新题),广州中考高分突破,题型突破一、题型分析 语法选择是广州市中考英语特有的题型,考查考生在具体的语言环境里的语法应用。2016年广州市语法选择题有新的变化,由原来的10小题增加到15小题。具体的形式是:阅读一篇200字左右的短文,完成15个空格的语法选择,每空1分,共15分;它的形式与完形填空类似,即给出一篇完整的文章,把文章的一些单词抽掉设为考点。考生不但要根据文章内容,还要根据语法规则来选出正确的答案。语法选择与完形填空的考查方向和重点不同,完形填空侧重点在考生对,文章内容的理解和所选单词的意义的区别,而语法选择则主要考查语法在篇章里的应用,侧重
2、点在语法规则的考查,即某个单词的不同形式。语法选择的主要考点分布于:冠词、名词的单复数、动词时态和语态、形容词、副词、代词、连词、介词、非谓语动词、定语从句等。,二、复习方法1.复习各个语法点。2.平时多积累,多阅读对话或文章,领悟文章对话中句子与句子之间的关系,把握段落之间的关系,并理解整篇文章、对话的大致内容以及上下文逻辑关系,不断形成英语的语感,这样做起题目来会更加得心应手。3.加强练习,从中发现并掌握该类题目的规律,对自己不熟悉的、容易错的语法知识抓紧时间查缺补漏。提高做题的准确性,并训练自己的逻辑思维。,三、解题方法 1.快速通读全文,掌握短文主旨。 通篇浏览短文,掌握文中时间、地点
3、、人物以及事件等关键信息。特别要注意认真阅读短文的开头句和结尾句,它们一般不设置空格,为考生提供某种语境或提供主题信息。通读全文,不要拘泥于一词一义的理解,对个别不认识的单词、短语,只要不影响理解全文就可以不管它。 2.识别短语、句型,注意固定搭配。 语法填空的短文中一定会出现一些常用的固定搭配或句型。如动词短语:laugh at,take care of,give up,agree with等;介词短语:in surprise,at the age of等;句型:it is.for sb.to do sth.,it takes sb.sometime to do sth.等。如果平时注意短语
4、和句型的整体记忆,掌握它们的搭配规律,在做题时就能得心应手,减少失误,提高准确率。 3.运用语法规则,理顺搭配关系。 语法知识是指导解答该题的法宝,因为词汇根据语法规则确定各自的位置,有了语法规则,文章才能有条不紊,顺理成章。如介词后面的代词一定是宾格,物质名词一般不用复数(大部分是不可数名词),修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面,情态动词后面用动词原形,非谓语动词的考查,定语从句的考查等。考生在答题时,首先要注意所选的,答案填入空白处后,整个句子的语法结构(语气、语态、时态)是否合理;其次,看语义是否通顺,上下文是否连贯。 4.遇到难题,反复默念。 有时会遇到难选的题目,如果时间允许,不
5、要轻易放弃,要穷追不舍,可先从语法角度考虑,再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺,读上去很完整,就必须想到,很可能缺的就是连词and,副词then,always,sometimes,never,often,hardly等,但要注意把这些词代进去,看哪个意思符合。如果还未选出,应反复默念几遍,这时有些词就会悄然而,至,在你的记忆中浮现出来。5.细心检查,避免疏漏。 选项填完后,再次通读短文,从整体上检查短文的结构、语义以及逻辑意义是否一致,上下文衔接是否合理。,真题分析一、语法选择(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的
6、语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从2635各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 Once,a king loved music so much that he searched the world for the best instrument.One day,a magic man_the king a harp(竖琴). The king took it to the palace,but_he played it,the harp sounded terrible.Many_people tried it.They agreed that the harp was_and the kin
7、g had been fooled.The harp,was thrown out as rubbish. A poor little girl _found the harp,and even though she didnt know how_it,she decided to have a try.She played and played,the whole day through,for months and years.The music she produced was never perfect,_each time it sounded a little better. Th
8、en one day,suddenly,the harp started to play the most beautiful music.It was in fact _magic harp,and could only be played well by someone who would put in the necessary effort. The king heard the music from his window,The king heard the music from his window,and called the girl to the palace.When th
9、e king saw that she was playing his old harp,he was filled_ joy.At that moment he made the girl his own private _,giving her and her family many riches.( )26.A.offer B.offers C.offered D.has offered( )27.A.when B.before C.if D.because( )28.A.another B.other C.others D.the other( )29.A.used B.using C
10、.useless D.uselessness( )30.A.late B.lately C.latest D.later,C,A,B,C,D,( )31.A.played B.to play C.playing D.to playing( )32.A.so B.and C.or D.but( )33.A.a B.an C.the D./( )34.A.in B.of C.by D.with( )35.A.music B.musical C.musician D.musically,B,D,A,D,C,【答案与解析】本文是一篇小故事。从前有个国王特别喜欢音乐,他在全世界寻找最好的乐器。一天有个魔
11、术师送给他一把竖琴,但是不管怎样国王也弹奏不出好听的音乐,一气之下他把竖琴扔掉了。一个小女孩发现了这把竖琴,并日复一日、年复一年地练习弹奏,最终奏出了优美的乐曲,她也成了国王的私人琴师。 26.C解析:考查时态。根据上文one day提示,应用一般过去时。 27.A解析:考查状语从句引导词。根据句意“但是当他弹奏的时候”,故选when。,28.B解析:考查代词。another表示三者或者三者以上的“另一个”;other表示“其他”,后可接名词;others表示“其他的”,后不可接名词;the other表示两者中的“另一个”。根据文意“很多其他的人尝试过”且后有名词people,故选other
12、。 29.C解析:考查词义辨析。根据后文as rubbish提示,得知句意应为“他们一致认为那把竖琴是没有用的”,故排除A、B,又根据be动词后加形容词,故选C。,30.D解析:考查词义辨析。late表示“迟到,晚的”;lately表示“最近”;latest表示“最新的”;later表示“稍后”,根据文意“贫穷的小女孩之后发现了那把竖琴”,故选D。 31.B解析:考查动词形式。特殊疑问词+to do可作宾语,故选B。 32.D解析:考查连词。根据句意“每次弹奏的音乐从来都不完美,但每次听起来都有提升”可知前后句是转折关系,故选D。,33.A解析:考查冠词。根据句意“实际上它是一把有魔力的竖琴”
13、表示泛指,用在首字母非元音发音的magic单词前,故选A。 34.D解析:考查介词。固定搭配,be filled with表示“充满”。 35.C解析:考查构词法。music为名词,表示“音乐”;musical为形容词,表示“音乐的”;musician为名词,表示“音乐家”;musically为副词,表示“音乐地”。根据文意“他让小女孩成为他的私人音乐师”,故选C。,二、(2014广州)语法选择(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分) 阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从2635各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 As two women walked into a
14、New Jersey hospital,they laughed.It showed the love that had held them together _ forty years as best friends.Although they were laughing,one of these ladies would soon put her life in danger _ her best friend. Patty Hurley and Eileen Riley met at high,school and have been close friends ever since.B
15、ut when Eileen,_ nurse,became ill with kidney (肾) disease,she didnt go running to her friendPatty came to help her,after _ Eileen was sick.“My kidneys are failing,” Eileenexplained. “Can I give you one of mine?” _ the immediate reply. The offer was so simple _ Eileen thought she had heard wrong.But
16、Patty repeated she was willing to help,and their journey to theoperating table began.,Eileen always knew that her friend would help.She said _,“When Patty makes apromise,she keeps _.” The operation went ahead in May,and both women are now very healthy and _ thanever. “There are no words to describe
17、_ amazing this woman is,” Eileen said afterwards. “She gave me my life.”,( )26.A.in B.for C.since D.with( )27.A.save B.saved C.saves D.to save( )28.A.a B.an C.the D./( )29.A.hear B.heard C.hearing D.to hear( )30.A.came B.comes C.come D.coming( )31.A.as B.which C.that D.until( )32.A.simple B.simply C
18、.simpler D.simplest ( )33.A.it B.them C.its D.ones( )34.A.closest B.most close C.closer D.closely( )35.A.so B.why C.what D.how,B,D,A,C,A,C,B,A,C,D,【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一对私交40年的密友Patty Hurley和Eileen Riley,当Eileen得了肾病,Patty过来帮助她并且主动提出移植一个肾脏给对方。手术很成功,现在两人都很健康。Eileen对Patty深表感激。26.B解析:考查介词辨析。由“had held”和
19、“forty years”可知,时间状语是一个时间段,故“forty years”前要加介词for。故选B。 27.D解析:考查非谓语动词。动词不定式短语“to save her best friend”作目的状语。故选D。,28.A解析:考查冠词辨析。表示身份时,名词前用不定冠词a或an。nurse的读音是以辅音音素开头,其前应用a。故选A。 29.C解析:考查非谓语动词。after在此是介词,其后接动词时要用ing形式。故选C。30.A解析:考查动词的时态,根据上文“Eileen explained”可知,动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时,此处是一个完全倒装句。故选A。 31.C解析:考查固定搭配。“so+形容词/副词+that从句”意为”如此以至于”。故选C。,32.B解析:考查形容词、副词的用法。修饰动词“said”要用副词。simply意为“简单地”,是副词,符合语境。故选B。33.A解析:考查代词辨析。由前半句的“a promise”可知,要用it来代替。故选A。34.C解析:考查形容词比较级。由空格后的“than”可知,此处要用比较级。故选C。35.D解析:考查感叹句。由形容词“amazing”可知,感叹句的中心词为形容词,故要用how来引导。故选D。,