1、状语从句,在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语或是整个句子。,状语从句,状语从句,状语从句,时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 条件状语从句 方式状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句,时间状语从句,引导时间状语从句的连词有：,when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。,I will tell him when he comes back.,连接词when的用法小结 when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续也可以是表短暂性
2、动作的动词(非延续性)。 如When the film ended, the people went back.When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore. 2. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： (刚要这时突然) 记忆Sb. was doing somethingwas about to do sth + whenwas on the point of doing sth. had just done sth I was walking along the stre
3、et , when I met him I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in. 3. 还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since; consideringthat。如： Why do you walk when you have a car?既然你有车为什么要步行呢？ .,连接词when的用法,1 when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词 可以是延续性动词 也可以是表短暂性动作的动词(非延续性)。,When the film ended, the people went back.When I lived there, I used to
4、 go to the seashore.,2 when表示 “就在这时” 在下列结构中，表示某件 事正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。 be about to do when be doing when had done when,We were about to start when it began to rain.I was playing computer games when mom came in.,连接词while的用法,1. while引导的动作必须是持续性的，在期间，往往指一段时间。如：,While we were talking, he came in.Please d
5、ont talk so loud while others are working.,2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。,We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.,3. while可表示尽管，相当于although。,while 含义： While I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend. ( while =_) He likes pop music, while I am fond
6、of folk music. ( while =_) While I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. (while=_) While there is life there is hope. (while=_),when,although,as long as,but,连词when，while，as的用法,1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的， 而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也 可以是表短暂性动作的动词。,When/While he was eating his breakfast, he
7、 heard the doorbell ring.When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.,(不可延续，短暂性动词，只可以用when，不可用while),2表示“随着”，连词用as，不用when或while。,As the day went on, the weather got worse.,3如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while 与as 可互换使用。,When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an
8、 old friend of mine.,4.从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。,When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.,连接词before,We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.Pl
9、ease write it down before you forget it.Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,Before从句中谓语不用否定式,Before they reached the station, the train had gone.,句型It will be/was一段时间before“还要过多久才”,句型It will be/was not一段时间before“多久就”,It will be two years before he leaves the count
10、ry.,It wasnt two years before he left the country.,连接词since,在it is/ has been +段时间+since从句中，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。,It is three years since I smoked a cigar.It is three years since I began to smoke.,我不吸烟有三年了。,我吸烟有三年了。,since,在it is/ has been +段时间+since从句中，时间的计算从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。如： It is three
11、years since she was in our class. It is three years since he lived here 她离开我们班有三年了。 他不住这儿有三年了。 比较 it is three years since I smoked a cigar. It is three years since I began to smoke.我不吸烟有三年了。 我吸烟有三年了,No sooner than - 一就 He had no sooner arrived than he went away again.,No sooner had he arrived than h
12、e went away again,no sooner than 用于句首要求倒装,Hardly when,Scarcely when,till，until 和not until的用法,1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到 until/till所表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时 间点才停止”。,We waited until he came.,2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”,He wont go to bed till/until she returns.,3till
13、不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：,Until you told me I had no idea of it.,It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.,It wasnt until nearly a month later _ I received the managers reply. A. since B. when C. as D. that,2. It was nearly
14、 a month _I received the managers reply.,3. It was nearly 9 oclock _I received the managers reply.,4. It was nearly at 9 oclock _I received the managers reply.,before,when,that,考点: 易混淆句型 it is + 时间+ sincebeforewhen that It is five years _he finished his research. It was five years _he finished his r
15、esearch. It was five years later _he finished his research.It was 5 oclock _ he got home. It was at 5 oclock _ he got home.,when,that,since,before,that,Once you see him, you will never forget him.,Once - 一但就,引导状语从句的连接词有:,If, unless, as long as, in case, provided that, on condition that,条件状语从句,If -如果
16、,If you dont hurry up, you will miss the plane.,If it snows tomorrow, the flight will be canceled.,If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning, youd better get to bed now.,Unless - 如果不, 除非=if not,We cant get there on time unless we book the earliest flight,= We cannot get there on time if we dont book
17、 the earliest flight.,Dont trouble trouble unless trouble troubles you.,He will not join us unless he changes his mind.,As long as - 只要,We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.,You cant play games as long as you remember the rules.,A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.,As (so) fa
18、r as - 据所知,As far as I know, he speaks English very well.,As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.,In case - 假使, 如果 万一,The plane cannot take off in case it rains.,Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.,Provided that 如果,有时省略 that,The plane will be in good condition provided that it is
19、 taken care of carefully.,You can become a stewardess provided that you are in good shape and you have got the proper education.,On condition that - 条件是,He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.,The mother promised to the son to buy him a toy airplane on
20、condition that he passes his English test.,注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，则主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时。,If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.,He said he would not leave unless it was fine next day.,地点状语从句,地点状语从句只有两个连词:,Where, wherever,Where - 在地方,Put the medicine where you can easily get it.,Where
21、that high building stands, there used to be some low, deserted houses.,Where there is a will, there is a way.,Wherever - 无论哪里,He follows her wherever she goes.,Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.,在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】You should put the book at where it was.【正】You should put the b
22、ook where it was.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】We should go to where we are needed most.【正】We should go where we are needed most.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。,原因状语从句,because, as, since, now that, 和considering that, for, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱.,Because - 因为,通常从句放在主句后.,Mr Smith was very upset because he couldnt
23、find his luggage.,He said that he couldnt work because the computer was out of order.,because 和for的区别。for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished.【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.,As - 因为, 通常放在句首,As it is quite windy today
24、, he decides,As he is honest and modest, all his friends like him.,Since -既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然,Since everybody has come, we can set off.,Since the purser didnt tell us what to do, we can relax.,Now that - 既然,Now that you are here, you can join us.,Now that all airlines offer discount prices, we should do
25、 the same.,considering that - 顾及到,Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.,seeing that - 由于,Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.,结果状语从句,引导结果状语从句的连词有：,that, so that, sothat suchthat,So that - 太以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词, 有时省略so只用tha
26、t,Boeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb.,The flight scheduled so early that nobody wanted to look on it.,So that - 因而，以便，为了 有时so 可以省去,Can you move your luggage a little bit away so that I can put mine in the overhead bin too.,Speak louder please so that the people at the back c
27、an hear you.,Such that -太以至于 用法与sothat相同，但such 后面应用名词。,The foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.,6.目的状语从句,引导目的状语从句的主要连词有:,that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest,Lets take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.,(So) that - 以便, 从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如
28、：can, could, may, might, should等,in order that - 为了, 与so that 相同从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might, should等,School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.,for fear that - 生怕; 为了防止(某事发生),He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.,The instructor
29、emphasized on the issue three times for fear that the students did not pay enough attention to the problem.,in case - 万一,Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.,You should bring a dictionary in case you need it.,Please take an umbrella in case it rains.,Lest - 以防万一,The man decided to t
30、ell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.,The manager of the workshop asked his staff to work overtime lest they wouldnt finish the task on time.,比较状语从句,引导比较状语从句的连词有：,Asas, not so (as)as, . than, the more the more.,Asas - 像一样,If you dont want to miss the flight, you need to be at the ai
31、rport as early as possible.,My grandma told me that her eyesight was as good as 10 years before.,Cultivation to the mind is as necessary as food for the body.,Not so (as) as - 不像,The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.,The flight was not so/as harmful as the captain predicted.,than -比怎
32、么样，用于事物间的比较，more 后面用形容词或副词,People believe that being a stewardess is better than most of the other jobs.,I personally think that the American movies are more interesting than Chinese ones,The more, the more - 越 越,The more he listened to that song, the less he enjoyed it.,The more things a man is ash
33、amed of, the more respectable he is.,必背：常见的比较句型。,His father is twice double as old as he (is). His father is two times older than he .他爸爸的年龄是他的两倍。Our new school is three times bigger than the old one.我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。Our new school is four times as big as the old ne.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。Our new school is fou
34、r times the size of the old one.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。,8.让步状语从句,引导让步状语从句的连词有：,Although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether,Although, though -虽然 although 和though 可以互换，但although 常放在句首。Though可以用于倒装。,Although it was raining, the plane managed to take off.,Although it
35、was not his fault, he took all the blame.,Though he did his best, he didnt succeed.,Child though he was, he did quite well.,As - 尽管 as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装。可与though 互换。,Busy as he is, he never misses a football match.,Hard as she works, she makes little progress.,Even if /even though -即使,Even if you don
36、t like your boss, you should do your work.,Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldnt miss the chrysanthemum exhibition.,Even though I might be wrong, I will go my way.,Even though his dean didnt mean it, he still felt embarrassed.,However - 不论， however 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装,He couldnt get there o
37、n time however fast he drove.,The father couldnt make his daughter smile however hard he tried.,N o matter (what, when, where, how) -无论（什么，何时，何地，怎样）,The old man wouldnt believe anything no matter what you said.,Please tell me the result no matter when you get it.,He wouldnt forgive me no matter how
38、hard I begged him.,I will find you no matter where you hide.,Whatever - 不管,Whatever other people may say, she wont change her mind.,Whatever you do, it wont affect our plan.,While -尽管,While I have sympathy for you, I cant help you.,While its none of my business, I will watch you.,Whether -不管，常与or no
39、t 连用,Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.,Whether his proposal is practical or not, the department plans to adopt.,9. 方式状语从句,方式状语从句常由:,as, as if, as though,as -与 一样,Do in Rome as the Romans do.,Leave things as they are.,as if, as though - 仿佛, 由as if或 as though引导的从句中可用虚拟
40、语气,She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.,1._ you decide to take up, you should try to make it a success. A. If B. Whenever C. Unless D. Whatever,2.It is foolish to take a taxi you can easily walk to the station. A. before B. that C. unless D. when,3.Ill accept any jo
41、b, _ I dont have to get up early. A. even though B. though C. in case D. as long as,4._ problems you have, you can always come to me for help. A. What B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Which,6.-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? - Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the momen
42、t C.suddenly D. once,7. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever,8.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class. A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless,9. John plays football _ , if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as
43、 C. so well D. so well as,10. -What was the party like?-Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. when C. before D. since,11.Dont change your mind, _ happens to you. A. which B. what C. whichever D. whatever,12. _ he comes, we wont be able to go. A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. E
44、ven,13. Nobody believed him _ what he said. A. even though B. even if C. no matter D. because,14. I was watching TV _ suddenly the lights went out. A. when B. while C. as D. for,15. Take your umbrella with you _ it rains. A. if B. as if C. in case D. as long as,16.No sooner _ entered the office _I h
45、eard the telephone ringing. A. had I, when B. I had, than C. had I, than D. I had, when,17. I had hardly arrived _ he started crying to go home. A. as B. for C. when D. until,18.It wont be long _ you regret what you said. A. since B. when C. before D. till,19. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she_. A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving,
