1、名词性从句,Unit 1 The world of our sense,Grammar Noun clause,名词性从句,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why,一主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1. It 作形式主语,It 作形式主语代替主语从句
2、，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not., Subject clause 引导主语从句的连词主要有:一.由 that 引导的主从: 1. That we shall be late is certain. 2. _ is known to all.(地球是圆的) 3. _ is a pity.(你错过了这次机会) that 不作成分，无意义, 但不能省略.后接一个完整的陈述句.,That
3、 the earth is round,That you missed the chance,that,whether,疑问词,注：that 引导的主语从句作主语，谓语用单数。 That 引导的主从，常用形式主语it 代替，that 从句后移。 That we need time is obvious. It is obvious that we need time.,2. What 引导的主从，what作主语，宾语或表语，表。的东西 What we need is time. What he said it is true.,What 引导的主从，谓语动词视后面的名词而定。 What we
4、need time. What he gave me are two books.,is,what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如：1) _you said yesterday is right.2) _she is still alive is a good thing.,It is right what you said yesterday.,It is a good thing that she is still alive.,What,That,2. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别,3. 由whether引导的主从: e
5、.g. Whether hell be able to come is not yet known.Whether we will succeed is still a question.主语从句不能用if来引导;Ex:1.是否我们要参加这次会议仍未被决定。Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.,陈述语序,4. 疑问词引导的主语从句what; which; who; whom; when; where; why; how原则:缺什么补什么 What he said at the meeting surprised
6、us. Who will win the game is not clear. Where he will go is unknown. Why they have not left yet puzzled me. How we can get there is a problem.,1._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A.What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever2._I can pay back the help that people give me ma
7、kes me very happy. A.Where B.What C.That D.How3.Its not clear _ was responsible for the accident. A.Who B.What C.How D.That,A,Ex.,C,A,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。,1. 作动词的宾语(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：I heard that he joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：She
8、did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2. 作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）with one another.,3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.I am sure (that)
9、 he will win the game.,4. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone., Object clause,引导宾语从句的连词主要有:1.that引导的宾从She sensed she was being watching.We believe he is honest.I told him I would come back soon. 单个的宾语从句中连词that可以
10、省略.,that,if/whether,疑问词,that,that,that,如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略.,.,He said,that he liked rain very much,and,that he would not use an umbrella.,2. if/whether 引导的宾从,如果宾语从句为一般疑问句时,用if或whether来引导 e.g. I wonder if/whether he will come on time. if 和whether 的选用 1)从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语,二者都可用
11、; 2)Whether or not搭配,不能用if;,whether 与 if 均为 “是否” 的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被 if 所取代： 主语从句不能用if,Whether he will come is unknown.,2. 表语从句不能用if，如：,The question is whether you should accept it.,3. 同位语从句不能用if，如：,The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.,4. 从句作介词的宾语不能用if，如：,Im not intereste
12、d in whether theyll go or not.It depends on whether we have got enough money.,5. 直接跟不定式连用，连词不能用if 如：,She hasnt decided whether to go or not.,6.Whether or not搭配,不能用if,用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The question is _ this book is
13、 worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,3. 疑问词引导的宾语从句 I dont know what I should do. I dont know where he lives. I dont know where hell vis
14、it.,3. 疑问词引导的宾从练习,1. I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.2. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.3. The teacher asked _ I was getting on with my classmates.A.what B. that C. how D. if4. We thought _ strange that she didnt come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what,who,what,C,B,do
15、ubt 用于肯定句，其宾从用if/whether I doubt whether he will come tomorrow. Doubt 用于否定句，疑问句，用that I dont doubt that he will come tomorrow. Do you doubt that?,5. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用： Suggest, insist, require, order,request, demand, propose, advice +that 主+should+V原形，should可省略。 He suggested that a meeting should be hel
16、d at once. He insisted that he not be sent to work in Tibet., Object clause,宾语从句的注意点： 1.单个的宾语从句中连词that可以省略.We believe he is honest. 如果宾语从句是由and或是but连接的两个句子,那么要用2个连词分别引导两个句子,并且不能省略.He said that he liked rain very much andthat he would not use an umbrella.,that,3.宾语从句的语序问题，用正常语序,1.The photographs will
17、 show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news.A. how he was excited B. how was he excitedC. how excited he was D. he was how excited3.He asked_for a violi
18、n.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,B,C,D,4.宾语从句的时态呼应,1）. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday
19、,2）. He told me. I am preparing for the exam.He told me.I have left my hometown for many years.3）.老师告诉我们地球是圆的。 The teacher told us _.,He told me he was preparing for the exam.,He told me he had left his hometown for many years.,the earth is round,主语从句与宾语从句练习,1.It now appears _ they are in need of he
20、lp.A. that B. which C. what D. how 3.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what 4._ knows the truth will tell you about it.A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who 5.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do.A. which B. what C. that D. where 6. _
21、his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如： 1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short ti
22、me. 2) This is _ we cant get the support of the people. 3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus.,whether/how,why,that,why,that, predictive clause,引导表语从句的连词:,that,whether,疑问词,as if /as though,because,e.g. The troubl
23、e is that I have lost my key. The question is whether we can do it. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late .,虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用： 如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice.order,demand, require, proposal, 等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略. e.g.
24、他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.,1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied如果主语为reason,why,that,表语从句连词只能用that,His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.,此规则同样适用于同位语从句,表语从句练习,1.This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. what 2.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that
25、B. what C. which D. when 3.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 4.My advice is that he _ school by bike.A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to 5._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in
26、 her lessons. A.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that,四同位语从句,1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容， 修饰名词fact, idea, news, order，suggestion,等的同位语从句由that 引导，不用which, that 不可省。,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。, oppositon clause,引导同位语从句的连接词:,that,疑问词,whether,1. That 引导的同位语从句： 1)The news that I h
27、ave passed the exam is true.2. Whether 引导的同位语从句： 1)The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.3. 疑问词引导的同位语从句 1）We havent settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.,1.The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people. A.sh
28、ould put forward B. put forward C.should look forward D.looked forward,2.The suggestion that we _ to picnic onSunday was agreed to by most people. A went B.would go C.go D.were allowed to go,B,C,4.虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用： 名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的 语气要用虚拟语气,结构为 should + do, should 可省略,
29、5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The new
30、s that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,同位语：修饰名词的内容 定语从句：对前面的名词进行修饰，限定。 The news that our team had won came. 同位语从句 The news that/which he heard was true. 定语从句,that在同位语从句 与定语从句的区别,（I）试比较下面两个例句: 1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The su
31、ggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.,（that引导定语从句, 作宾语, 可以省略）,（that引导同位语从句,在从句中不担当任何成分，但不可以省略）,辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句 1.We heard the news that our team had won. 2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money. 3. The news that he told me yesterday was false.4. I
32、 have no doubt that he will come soon.,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,practice,高考再现1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2.(NMET 1996) we cant get seems better than we have. A. What,what B. What,that C. That,that D. That,what 3.(
33、NMET 2001春)I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was? A.where B.what C.how D.which 4.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. A. however B.whatever C. whichever D.wherever 5.(NMET 1999) I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that you ha
34、d a few days off? A.why B.when C.what D.where,D,A,D,B,A,6.(上海2002) Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is-not ever. A.that B.which C. of which D.what,A,1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways.A. we must develop B. we shall developC. we would develop D. we should de
35、velop 2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week.A. we got everything ready B. we have got everything readyC. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _.A. my pictures would surprise themB. my pictures surprised themC. my pictures should surprise themD. my p
36、ictures would have surprised them 4.I wonder _.A. whether or not Ill catch the last busB. if or not Ill catch the last busC. that Ill catch the last bus or notD. that Ill catch the last bus,5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson.A. so B. such C. it D. that 6.I took _ for granted （想当
37、然）that they were not coming.A. that B. this C. it D. so 7.I heard _ said that he had great concern（关心） for his classmates.A. and B. that C. was D. it 8.I wish I _ to the football match last night.A. went B. go C. should go D. had gone,1.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A. that B.
38、 which C. what D. whether 2.We heard the news _ our team had won.A. which B. that C. what D. where 3.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A. which B. that C. whether D. if 4.Theres a feeling in me_well never know what a UFO is-not ever. A.that B.which C. of which D.what 5.It r
39、emains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.how B. that C. when D. what,综合运用：,The earth is round, _ is known to everybody.,as/which,2. _ is known to everybody, the earth is round.,As,3. _ the earth is round is known to everybody.,That,4. _ is known to everybody that the earth
40、 is round.,It,5. Everybody knows _ the earth is round.,that,6. _ surprised us very much that our teacher left without a word.,It,7. _ surprised us very much was that our teacherleft without a word.,What,1.what / that a._ he said at the meeting surprised us. b._ he spoke（发言） at the meeting surprised
41、us.2. if / whether_you go or stay at home wont make any differences. 3. What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight.A. there, because B. it, thatC. he, when D. that, for 4.no matter how/who/what/where/when We are ready to do _ the country wants us to do.A. what B. which C. no matter what D. whatev
42、er,What,That,Whether,B,D,翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。 1.What he wants is a book. 2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together. 3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you. 4.This is why he did it. 5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet? 6.That he
43、wants a book is certain. 7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much. 9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well. 10.The problem is whether you can sing it well. 11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided. 12.Please tell me who your monitor is.,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,1。that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分， 本身也没有词义，宾语从句中可省略 2。不充当介宾 3。 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。,That,Thank You!,
