1、第四讲 状语从句 知识要点列举要点一、状语从句概述状语主要是用来修饰动词和形容词的，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果等。状语从句即指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。要点二、状语从句的分类按照其意义不同一般可分为九大类，分别是：1、时间状语从句2、原因状语从句3、目的状语从句4、结果状语从句5、条件状语从句6、让步状语从句7、地点状语从句8、比较状语从句9、方式状语从句初中阶段主要掌握前面 1 到 6 种状语从句。要点三、状语从句的分类讲解1、 时间状语从句用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。常用引导词：
2、when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 如： I didnt realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. （一）由 when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句的区别用法when 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且 when 有时表示“就在那时” 。知识拓展如：When she came in, I s
3、topped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当我的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。 （延续性的动词）We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 （就在那时）While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应） 。并且 while 有时还可以表示对比。如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I
4、was watching TV. (was reading 是延续性的动词，并且 was reading 和 was watching 同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比） As 表示“ 一边一边” ，as 引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as 也可以强调 “一先一后。如 ：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。 （as 表示“一边一边”）As we was going out, it began to sno
5、w. 当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as 强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）（二）由 before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句的区别用法 before 引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当 before 引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果 before 引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。如：It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost kn
6、ocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。after 表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与 before 引导的从句相反。如：After you think it over, please let me kn
7、ow what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home. 完成工作之后，我们回家了。 （从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）（三）till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的区别till 和 until 一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用 until。但要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till 不可以用在句首，而 until 可以放在句首。如：I didnt go
8、to bed until（till ） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。（四）since 引导的时间状语从句的用法since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是
9、延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在 It is 时间since 从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。如：I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。It is five months since our boss was
10、 in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。（五）在时间状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时或祈使句表示将来的意义时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。如：Ill let him know as soon as she comes. 她一来，我就会让你知道。Jane didnt go to work until she finished her homework. 简直到完成作业才睡觉。 2、 原因状语从句用表示原因的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是原因状语从句。原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as,for 引导。如：He didnt come to school b
11、ecause he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.because 表示直接原因，语气最强。Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由 why 提出的问题，只能用 because。as 和 since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由 as 和 since 引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。for 有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。如：-Why arent you
12、 going there?-Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.3、 目的状语从句用表示目的的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是目的状语从句。引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear 等。如：I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去约鱼。 Take your raincoat i
13、n case it rains (should rain). 带上雨衣以防下雨。He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习是为了能通过考试。知识拓展so that 既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词 can, could, may, might 等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句 )Jack is badly ill so t
14、hat he has to rest. (结果状语从句)4.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有 so that, sothat，suchthat 等。如：He was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力太大，玻璃都震破了。【注】： sothat 和 such.that 可以互换。在由 so.that 引导的结果状语从句中， so 是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是 : “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that +
15、从句” 。如：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由 suchthat 引导的结果状语从句中，such 是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词 a 或 an。如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anythingHe made such rapid progress that
16、 he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.如果名词前由 many, much, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用 so, 不用 such。如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild ros
17、es.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.so.that.句型的否定形式可用简单句 too.to.或 not.enough to 代替。知识拓展如：He is so young that he cant go to school.他太小了，不能上学。He is too young to go to school.He is not old enough to go to school.5、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless，as so long as 等。如：Dont come
18、 unless I telephone.除非我打电话，否则你别来。If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细看，你会看出该怎样做。在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态（主将从现） 。如：Ill help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句（一般将来时） ” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。如：Hurry up, or youll be l
19、ate.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.6.让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, even though，even if（即使） ，如：The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下着
20、雨，他还是出去了。连词 while 有时也可表示“尽管”、 “虽然”，引导让步状语从句。如：While we dont agree with each other, we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引导让步状语从句。如：Dont lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么，都不要灰心。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。【注意】：表示“虽然”
21、的 though，although 不可与 but 连用，但可与 yet，still 连用。as 也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到 as 前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略 a 或 an。如：Teacher as he is, he cant know everything. 虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。 例题精析1.You will stay healthy _ you do more exercise, such as running and walking.A. if B. how C. before D. where答案：A。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的
22、从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有 if 能引导条件状语从句，所以选 A。2. -Shall we go on working?-Yes, _ I prefer to have a rest.A. when B. if C. because D. though答案：D。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选 though 才能说得通。3.None of us knew what had happened _ they told us about it.A. when B. until C. after D. though答案
23、：B。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在以前我们没人知道这件事。 ”要表达着一意思应用“notuntil” 这一句型。4.-I hope youll enjoy your trip, dear!-Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call _ I get there.A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till答案：B。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。 ”要表达这个意思应选用 as soon as。5. Scientists say it m
24、ay be a few years _it is possible to test the new medicine on patients. (2010，无锡)A.because B.after C.before D.since答案：C。思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。根据题意可知从句的事情发生在主句之前。故选 before。6. We will have no water to drink _we dont protect the earth. (2010，上海)A.until B.before C.though D.if答案：D。思路分析：从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状
25、语从句，在这四个选项中只有 if 能引导条件状语从句，所以选 D。7. -Could we play football in your playground,Sir? （2010，扬州）-No,_you have the principals note.A.if B.unless C.because D.since答案：B。思路分析：从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，句子意思是“除非你有校长的指示”。8. You bought the car about ten years ago? (2011，黄岗)Yes. _ its old, it still runs well.A. Becaus
26、e B. Since C. Although D. But 答案：C思路分析：本题考查让步状语从句。根据句意“尽管旧了，但它运转很好。 ” because 因为，since 既然， although 尽管，but 但是。故选 C。9. Will you please give the dictionary to Jane?Sure, Ill give it to her _ she arrives here. (2011，天津)A. before B. until C. because D. as soon as答案：D思路分析：本题考查时间状语从句。句意“她一到这儿，我就会给她”。befor
27、e 在之前，不符合逻辑；until 直到，不能与短暂性动词(give)连用；because 因为，不符合逻辑；as soon as 一就，符合句意。故选 D。 10. What was your brother doing at this time yesterday? (2011，滨州)He was reading a magazine _ I was writing anemail at home.A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while答案：D思路分析：本题考查时间状语从句。表示“当时”，连接两个同时进行的动作，用while。故选 D。11. Th
28、e book was written in _ easy English _ even primary school students could understand it . (2011，镇江)A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that答案：B思路分析：本题考查结果状语从句。D 本身为错误项，故排除；C 项中 to 后接动词原形，排除；A 项中 so 后接形容词，排除； such名词短语 that 从句表“如此以至于” 。故选 B。 课堂巩固练习A 组根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1. 不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。I am no
29、t angry with him, _ _ _ jokes he _ on me.2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。Mrs Bruce was _ kind to her students _ they _ her _ their mother.3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Our parents will be pleased with our performance _ _ _ we try our best.4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Will you please call me _ _ _ you get to Shanghai.5.
30、这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano _ _ _ she has keptpracticing for two years.6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。_ _ _ _, she kept on learning English by herself.7. 他长大后相当一名记者。He wants to be a journalist _ _ _ _.8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。_ _ windy or rainy, our teacher is always t
31、he first to get to school.9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。_ _ _ _ _ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。Li Ming didnt come to school _ _ _ _.Key： 1. no matter what; plays 2.so; that; regarded; as 3. as long as 4. as long as 5. so much that 6. Though
32、 she was busy 7. when he grows up 8.Whether its 9. If everyone makes a contribution 10. because he was illB 组单项选择：( )1. _ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever( )2. Hard-working though he was, _ there was never enough
33、money to pay the bills.A. / B. And C. but D. therefore( )3. Much hard _ he tried，he flailed to catch up with the first runner.A. although B. As C. while D. when( )4. I got in touch with Charles _ I received his letter.A. when immediately B. Soon C. immediately D. suddenly( ) 5. We were just _ callin
34、g you up _ you came in.A. about; when B. on the point of; while C. on the point of; when D. on the point of; as( )6. Most of his great novels and plays were not published or known to the public _ his tragic (悲剧) death in 1786.A. even before B. ever since C. until after D. until before( )7. Mr. Sadda
35、m Hussein had to go with the American soldiers, _ .A. no matter he likes or not B. no matter he should like it or notC. no matter whether he likes or not D. no matter he may like it or not( ) 8. _ , I have to put it away and focus (集中)my attention on study this week.A. However the story is amusing B
36、. No matter amusing the story isC. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing( ) 9. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, _ they hunt them for food.A. if B. While C. unless D. as( )10. _ he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actual
37、ly in the way.A. Although B. Unless C. Because D. When( )11. Babies sleep l6 to l8 hours in every 24 hours, and they sleep less _ they grow older.A. while B. as C. when D. after( )12. I have been keeping the portrait _ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris.A. since
38、 B. Where C. as D. if( )13. _ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check( )14. I would never speak to someone like that _ they said something unpleasant to me.A. even if B. so that C. as if D. ever since( )15. Did you reme
39、mber to return the book to our English teacher?Yes. I gave it to him _ I saw him.A. once B. while C. if D. the moment( )16. A warning news report from Qatar announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are _ they leave the Arab world forever.A. even though B. in case
40、 C. whenever D. until( ) 17. May I go now? _ youve finished your work, you may go.A. After B. Although C. Now that D. As soon as( )18. “ _ I live there are plenty of sheep.“ said the boy _ pride.A. Where; with B. When; in C. That; in D. Why; with( )19. He seemed to have been asleep, so I said nothin
41、g, but sat _ he would see me _ waking.A. whether; when B. that；when C. which；where D. where；when( )20. It will be five years _ we meet again.A. since B. Until C. before D. when( )21. Never lose heart _ difficulty you may meet with.A. what B. whatever C. how D. however( ) 22. _ we are allowed _ , we
42、cant drink any beer.A. As long as; to do B. If; to C. Unless; to D. On condition that; doing so( )23. You can still find bones of the birds _ they used to live.A. in which B. in the place C. where D. that( )24. How can they learn anything _ they spend all their spare time watching TV?A. where B. whe
43、n C. while D. but( )25. _ I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.A. While B. If C. As D. Unless答案与思路分析：1. A. 因为 gave 后面已经有表示物的直接宾语了，排除代词 A、C、和 D。however 意为“无论如何”；whenever 意为“每当”，根据句意，只有选 C，意义才通。2. A. 因为前面已经连词 though 了，所以不再需要连词了。Hard-working though he was=Although he
44、 was hard-working。3. B. 因为 as 引导让步状语从句，要求将从句的表语或状语等放到句首。而 although, while 表示让步时，都用正常语序；另外，though 引导的让步状语从句，其表语或状语等可提前也可不提前。4. C. 因为 immediately, instantly, directly 和 the moment, the instant, the minute 等都可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于 as soon as。5. C. 因为表示“ 正要做某事时，突然又发生另一件事”的句型是：was /were just about to do sth
45、. whendid或 was /were just on the point of doing sth. whendid6. C. 因为 notuntil“直到才”，再接 before 语意上不通，要用 after。7. C. 因为 no matter 后一定要接疑问词或 whether。8. C. 引导状语从句时 no matter how=however，其后接形容词或副词，只有 C 正确。9. C. unless“除非、如果不”。句意是：大多数动物与其它不同种类的动物都没有什么联系，除非是把它们猎为食物。10. A. 句意是：虽然他认为他在帮我们做工，但事实上他是在挡事。11. B. 表
46、示主、从句的谓语动词同时变化的 “随着”只能用 as。12. B. 因为 keep the portrait (把照片放在)后面一定是指所放的“地方”了，所以用where (在的地方) 引导一个地点状语从句。13. C. 因为非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，mistakes 不能 check，排除 A 和D；若用 B，则前后是两个句子，又无连词，排除 B。14. A. 只有先 A，前后意义才通：even if 即使、纵然；so that 为了、以便；as if. 好象；ever since 从(那时)到现在。15. D. 因为 the moment 可作连词，与 as soon as 相当。16. D. until (直到)与肯定句连用，引出的时间是主句谓语动词结束的时间。even though 即使；in case 以防万一；whenever 每当、无论何时。17. C. 因为 now that =since“既然”。18. A. 因为 with pride (骄傲地) 是固定短语；where (在的地方) 引导一个地点状语从句，19. D. 由 where 引导一个地点状语从句，表示坐 (sat) 的地方；后面是带有连词的现在分词作时间状语，when waking=when he woke。20. C. 因为 It wil
