1、1主语从句一、概念：在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。（一） 连接词从属连词：that、whether；关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever 等；例： What he said is true. That you dont like him is none of my business.Whether the football game will be played
2、depends on the weather.主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。（1）_ he finished writing the composition in such a short time _(惊讶) us all.（2）_we will go for an outing tomorrow _（remains ，remained） unknown.（3）_ will be our monitor _(be) decided yet.（4）_we must study for _ (be) a question of great importance.（5）_ caused
3、 the accident _（remains，remained）unknown.（6）_ you did _ (be)right.（7）_ watch _(be) lost is unknown.（8）_we need _(be) time.（9）_ we need _(be) good doctors.小结:（1)主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例 91. 从属连词 that，whether 引导的主语从句。从属连词 that，whether 在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，在从句中不担任成分，不能省
4、略。例： _ they will go is certain._ she will come or not is still a question. _ shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.2. it 作形式主语引导主语从句。如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That 引导的主语从句可用 it 代替，that 不可省略。用作 it 作形式主语的结构：（1）It is/was +形容词+that 从句Its natural that 很自然 Its obvious that 显而
5、易见Its fortunate that 幸运的是 Its (im)possible（不）可能Its unlikely that 不可能 Its strange that奇怪的是（2）It is/was +名词+that 从句Its a pity that 遗憾的是 Its a fact that 事实是Its good news that是好消息 It s a wonder that不足为奇2Its an honour that 非常荣幸 Its a shame that真是可耻Its common knowledge that 是常识（3）It + 不及物动词+that 从句It seem
6、s that 似乎 It happened that碰巧It appears that看来 It turns out that结果（4）It is/was +过去分词 +that 从句Its not known that 不得而知 Its said that 据说Its reported that 据报道 Its decided that尚未决定Its believed that 据认为 Its announced that据宣布It suddenly struck me (occur to me that 我突然想到（感觉到）（5）其他It doesnt matter 是无关紧要的It ma
7、kes no difference 毫无区别It is of little consequence that无关紧要It is a pity _ she has made such a mistake. 她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。Its strange _ he didnt come yesterday. 他昨天没来是很奇怪的。It is reported _ the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.据报导非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。It is said _ there was a terrible plane crash th
8、is morning.据说今天早上有一起可怕的飞机坠毁事故。1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连注意:接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用 it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词 that 可以省略。误：They should like each other is natural.正：That they should like each other is natural.正：It is natural that they should like each other.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用 if 引导，但是如果用 it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用 if 引
9、导.误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.4) . 用于 It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should 有时可以省略。5) 在 It + be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中, that 从句的谓语也应该用“sh
10、ould + 动词原形”的形式, should 有时可以省略。3Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time ?A. this B. that C. he D. it _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. ItIt is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A. masters B. should
11、 master C. mastered D. will master _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What 3、由关系代词引导的主语从句。（1）关系代词 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。_ leaves the room last ought to tur
12、n off the lights. 走得最晚的应当关灯。_ you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会议上的发言时所有入会者吃惊。_ made the long distance call is not important. 谁打的长途电话并不重要。（2）what 引导主语从句“的东西/事情”时，可用来表示 the thing(s)which 这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西与一件事情，这种用法的 what 称为
13、关系代词型what，who， whom，which，what 可以和 ever 构成合成词，和 what 一样引导从句，ever 起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语 it引导。_ (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。_ leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。4、关系副词引导的主语从句。连接副词有 when, where, why, how, howe
14、ver, whenever, wherever 等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以 it 作形式主语的句子。_ he didnt come here is not clear to anyone. 他为什么没来谁也不清楚。_ a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer. 电话是怎样工作的，这个问题并不是每个人都能回答。_ she has gone is not known yet. 她去了哪儿，还不知道。_ they will start has not been decid
15、ed yet. 他们何时动身还未定下来。_ he did it didnt concern me. 他为什么做这件事与我无关。5、主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况。（1）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句、感叹句时，主语从句不可提前，用引导词 it 作形式主语。Is it really true that he has gone abroad? 他真的出国了吗？How surprising it was that he failed in the exam! 真令人惊奇，他考试没有及格！（2）It is said, reported, 结构中的主语从句不可提前。Its said that the pla
16、y is very interesting. 据说戏剧很有趣。Its reported that the highway will be opened to traffic next week.据报道，高速路下周通车。（3）It happens, occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。4It occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door. 她突然想起忘了锁门。It happened that I met him in the street. 我恰巧在大街上遇到了他。（4）It doesn t matter how, whethe
17、r or not结构中的主语从句不可提前。It doesnt matter whether he likes it or not. 他喜欢与否无关紧要。It doesnt matter how he will come. 他怎么来不重要。6、it 作形式主语与 it 引导强调句的比较。it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构（特别是谓语较短时） ，主语从句的连词没有变化。而 it 引导强调句则是对某一句子成分的强调（这一成分可以是词、词组或句子） ，其结构是“It is(was)+ 强调成分+that ”。无论强调什么成分，都要求用连接词 that(强调人时可以用 who 代替)。
18、It is certain that she will succeed.她会成功是肯定的。 （主语从句）It is in New York that I met him.是在纽约我见到了他。 （强调句）7. what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而 that 则不然。例如：1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation. That 只起连接作用,不做成分1. _ you have done might do
19、harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Whether D. How2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter3. _we cant get seems better than _we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what4. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning g
20、rey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 5. _ you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether8. 主语从句需注意的问题(1)主语从句中用陈述语序What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris. ( What is she afraid of Wrong )(2)主语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数That they havent phoned is strange.(3)that 引导的主语从句中，that 不
21、可被省略That price will go up is certain.(4)引导主语从句，放在句首时，不能用 if，只能用 whether。Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weathe
22、r. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where(5)whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和 whatever, whoever 引导的5让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）（ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ）
23、Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）（ No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）anyone 与 the person 皆不能引导从句._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. WhoIt is generally considered unwise to get a child _ he or she wants.
24、A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever练习： 填入适当的连接词1. It is likely _ he is the winner of this game. 很可能他是这场游戏的胜利者。2. _ she bought so many dictionaries is not clear.= It is not clear _ she bought so many dictionaries. 不清楚她为什么买这么多字典。3. _ he was admitted into Beijing University made his teacher
25、s and parents happy. 他考上了北大，这让他的老师和父母很高兴。4. Its a pity_ you cant attend my birthday party.很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。5. _ we will build a new high school hasnt been decided.我们是否要建新高中还没决定呢。6. _ breaks the law should be punished. 不管谁违法都应该受到惩罚。7. It is necessary _ the problem (should) be solved at once.很有必要立刻解决这个问
26、题。8. _ he was born is unknown. 他生于何时还不知道。9 It is possible _ he has stolen the car. 很可能他偷了小车。10. _ has broken the glass is unknown. 谁打破了玻璃现在还不知道。11. _ he wants is all here. 他所要的东西都在这里。12. _ he worked it out is still a secret.他是如何把它做出来的还是一个秘密。13. _ they makes in this factory are TV sets.他们在工厂里所做的东西就是电
27、视机。14. _ they would support us was a problem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。15. _ you want is yours. 你要哪个哪个就是你的。16. _ we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。17._ we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。18. _ it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。19 _ this happened is not clear to anyone.这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。620. _ I spend my summer is no
28、 business of yours.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。练习一1._ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for3.When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known4. _ is
29、no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late5. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D.
30、 Whatwhat you had expected6._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that8.Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9._ the boy
31、didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the wea
32、ther.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13._is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14._well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15._he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This716._the
33、house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17. ._you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18_makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody19_team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. Th
34、at C. If D. How20_leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who练习二1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. It was he said disappointed me.A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what3.
35、 well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter5. was to return to school.A. That really interested him B. What really interested himC. Which really interested him D. Tha
36、t interest him really6. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever7._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A. That B. Why C. What D. How8. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where9. It worried her a bit _ her hair was
37、turning gray.A. whether B. That C. what D. when10.What I say and think _ none of your business.A. is B. are C. has D have 11. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it12. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. which B. that C. if D. for13. _ is a fact
38、 that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It14. _ what they told me really true?A. Has B. Is C. Does D. Have15. It matters little _ a man dies, but _ matters much is _ he lives.A. how; what; how B. how; it; how C. why; it; why D. that; what; that816. _
39、she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that17. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how18. _ fashion differs fr
40、om country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. A. What B. That C. This D. Which19. -What made her parents so angry?- _ she had failed in the examination.A. As B. Because C. Since D. That20. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Wh
41、ere 21. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do. He came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if22. It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whose C. whom D. whomever23. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where24. I rea
42、d about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? A. where B. what C. how D. which25. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master例题： that surprised whether remains who hasnt been whom is what remains whatever is whose was what is what arewhat that 练习 1-5 BAABCwhatever whoever 练习 CBit 练习 DDBA练习一参考答案 1-10 CBACD DDCAA 11-20 CBDAC BDCAC练习二 Key: 1-10 D A B A B C A B B A 11-15 DBDBA 16-20 ACBDB 21-25 AAADB
