1、2019 届甘肃省会宁县第一中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhen it comes to purchasing your first bike, the choice is endless, making it tough to know what to go for. Here are the the best buys on the market right now. 1. Boardman CX CompThis
2、is a cross-country bike, and its so multifunctional that you can handle any terrain (地势) on it, making it a great choice for those wanting to try various cycling subjects. If you leave on the thick tires it comes with, it can ride on various paths and can even handle some less demanding mountain bik
3、e routes. Alternatively, put on thin, smooth tires and treat it as a road bike. It has a basket and comes with Shimano Sora gears(变速器), which are outstanding for its price.&650, Halfords2. Planet X RT-58 v2Planet X is based in Yorkshire, which means youd probably have to buy this bike without seeing
4、 it. But its worth it, because this is an excellent machine at a lower price. Planet X is a highly rated manufacture and this model comes with Shimano Sora gearing.&585, Planet X3. Specialized Allez ESSpecialized is one of the biggest and most popular brands in cycling, and this is its hugely popula
5、r primary road bike. It comes with solid components from front to back and youll look great out on the road.&575, Evans Cycles4. Boardman Road Team CarbonIf you can push your budget further still, this bike is worth the extra investment. The frame is made entirely from carbon, which is lighter, fast
6、er and more comfortable than the composition metal models above and gives you an all-round more enjoyable ride. It also means that if you get really serious about cycling, you dont have to upgrade as quickly as you would with a cheaper bike.&800, Halfords21. What is special about Boardman CX Comp?A.
7、 Its Shimano Sora gears B. Its various functionsC. Its reasonable price D. Its firm tires22. Which one has the lowest price but with Shimano Sora gears?A. Planet X RT-58 v2 B. Specialized Allez E5C. Boardman CX Comp D. Boardman Road Team Carbon23. What can we learn about the bikes mentioned in the t
8、ext?A. Planet X RT-58 v2 has been sold out so farB. Boardman CX Comp is actually a mountain bikeC. Specialized Allez E5 is designed for senior cyclistsD. Boardman Road Tram Carbon is made by special materialsBWho decided that blue jeans and T-shirts are “cool” for kids to wear today? Who designs the
9、 clothes you see for sale in stores? All of these questions concern the world of fashion.Fashion refers to the styles of dress that are currently popular. Fashion goes beyond just clothes, though. Its important for some people to wear only the latest fashions and styles. For others, though, keeping
10、up with trends isnt that important. The one thing that stays the same with fashion is this: it always changes!In the 1960s and 1970s, hippies made bell-bottomed blue jeans popular. In the 1980s, Michael Jackson made parachute pants (降落伞裤 ) all the fashion. Now try to find these items in todays cloth
11、ing stores!Why do fashions change? The answer is probably as simple as the fact that people change. Over time, the new replaces the old. People are influenced greatly by popular culture, including athletes, musicians, movie stars, as well as popular films, television shows, books and music. We are a
12、lso influenced by the fashion industrys advertising.The stars of popular culture are always searching for a new angle to maintain (保持) their popularity. Often these new angles come in the form of new clothing or hairstyles. When people see these new styles, they often want to imitate their favorite
13、stars. To do so, they seek out the latest fashions to make themselves look like the people they want to imitate. In this way, fashions evolve and change over time.For years, clothes have been used to separate people into groups. Even today, brand-name clothing that is more expensive than other types
14、 of clothing can be used by some people to distinguish themselves from others.Unfortunately, this can often have the effect of distancing certain groups from others. Dont forget that its always OK to develop your own sense of style that is unique and separate from what the fashion world determines!
15、Stay true to yourself and let your personality not your clothes speak for who you are!24. The examples of bell-bottomed blue jeans and parachute pants in Paragraph 3 suggest that _. A. fashion always changes B. stars are always influentialC. people have different dressing styles D. hippies and Micha
16、el Jackson are good designers25. Fashions change mainly because _.A. advertisements change rapidly B. popular culture influences peopleC. movie stars are changing over time D. new films and shows replace the old26. In the last paragraph, the author mainly wants to stress _.A. the advantages of stayi
17、ng unique B. the bad effects of following fashionC. the good influences of popular styles D. the importance of having ones own personality27. We can learn from the text that _.A. fashion is all about clothes B. the author has gone out of fashionC. clothes may separate and distance people D. people l
18、ike imitating others dressing styleCScientists have solved the mystery of why the overwhelming majority of mammoth fossils(化石)are male.Much like wild elephants today, young male Ice Age mammoths probably travelled around alone and more often got themselves into risky situations where they were swept
19、 into rivers, or fell through ice or into mud, lakes or sinkholes that preserved their bones for thousands of years, scientists say.Females, on the other hand, travelled in groups led by an older matriarch who knew the landscape and directed her group away from danger.“Without the benefit of living
20、in a herd led by an experienced female, male mammoths had a much higher risk of dying in natural traps such as mud holes, rock cracks and lakes, “said co-author Love Dalen of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in a report published on Thursday in the journal Current Biology.The study used genetic
21、 data to determine the sex of 98 woolly mammoth fossils in Siberia Researchers found that 69% of the samples were male, a heavily unbalanced sex ratio, assuming that the sexes were fairly even at birth.“We were very surprised because there was no reason to expect a sex bias in the fossil record,“ sa
22、id first author Patricia Pecnerova, also of the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Therefore, researchers believe that something about the way they lived influenced the way they died.Most bones, tusks, and teeth from mammoths and other Ice Age animals havent survived,“ explained Dalen.“It is highly
23、likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved because they have been buried, and thus protected from weathering.“These giant, tusked plant eaters disappeared about 4,000 years ago. While there is no scientific agreement about the causes of their disappearance from
24、the planet, most believe that climate change, excessive hunting by humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors.28. The underlined word “matriarch“ in paragraph 3 means _.A. figure head B. female leader C experienced animal D. mature mammoth29. Why do
25、the majority of mammoth fossils come from male animals?A. Scientists find it easier to study male fossilized bones.B. There were more male mammoths in comparison to femalesC Male mammoths were better able to adapt to the changing circumstances.D. Male mammoths more frequently died in places where fo
26、ssils could form.30. Which of the following is suggested as a reason for mammoths dying out?A. The increasing competition for food. B. The cooling of the earths temperature.C. The disappearance of male mammoths. D The risky behaviour of younger mammoths.31. What is the text type of the passage?A. A
27、newspaper article. B. An academic essay.C. A historical description. D. A science fiction story.DIts no secret that American infrastructure is aging. Concrete(混凝土) structures, in particular, are in desperate need of repair.Cracks (缝隙) are very common due to various chemical and physical phenomena th
28、at occur during everyday use, which can be quite harmful as they provide an easy route in for liquids and gasses and the harmful substances they might contain. But continuous repair work is difficult because it usually requires a huge amount of labor and investment. So since 2013, Ive been trying to
29、 figure out how these harmful cracks could heal themselves without human involvement. The idea was originally inspired by the amazing ability of the human body to heal itself of cuts, bruises and broken bones. In the same way, can we provide necessary products to concrete to fill in cracks when dama
30、ge happens?My colleagues from Binghamton University and I have found an unusual candidate to help concrete heal itself: a fungus (真菌) called Trichoderma reesei. We initially screened about 20 different species of fungi in order to find one that could stand the difficult conditions in concrete. Of al
31、l the fungi we tested, only T. reesei could survive this environment. Despite the sudden PHincrease, its spores (孢子) developed into threadlike things and grew equally well with or without concrete.We propose including fungal spores, together with nutrients, during the initial mixing process when bui
32、lding a new concrete structure. When the unavoidable cracking occurs and water finds its way in, the sleeping fungal spores will start to grow. They then will work as an activator within the calcium-rich conditions of the concrete to promote precipitation (析出) of calcium carbonatecrystals. These min
33、eral deposits can fill in the cracks. If cracks form again and environmental conditions become favorable, the spores could wake up and repeat the process.Our research is still in the initial stage and theres a long way to go to make self-healing concrete practical and cost-effective. But the scope o
34、f American infrastructures challenges makes exploring creative solutions like this worthwhile.32. Why does the author mention the self-healing of human body?A.To show how amazing human body is. B.To prove everything will turn out to be fine.C.To provide a possibility of concrete healing itself.D.To
35、stress that its unnecessary to have medicines.33. What do we know about T. reesei?A.It has been applied to building a new concrete. B.It can bear the tough conditions in concrete.C. Its spores will be useless after one repair. D.It poses potential risks to environment.34. What does the underlined wo
36、rd “this” in the last paragraph refer to?A.The challenges of American infrastructure. B.The research on self-healing concrete.C.The process of cracking. D.The promotion of spores.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.The Danger of Cracks B.The Aging of American Infrastructu
37、reC.The Most Powerful Fungus D.Concrete Filling Its Own Cracks第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to overcome challenges in your lifeWe all face tough and difficult challenges in life. To overcome challenges you need to have that “never quit” attitude in life. If
38、you develop it, youll overcome quite a bit.Motivate yourself. Say “YES, I CAN.” The challenge should bring out the best of you in this situation. Slow it down, and think that process through. 36 If you develop that mindset (心态), youll get it done.37 Remain calm when youre facing serious troubles and
39、 problems in life. You have to recollect yourself, and calm down. You cant solve problems when youre panicking. Take a deep breath, relax, and slow it down. Think things through calmly.Let failure and fear fuel you in a positive way. Everyone fails at times. If you fail the first, second, or third t
40、ime, dont give up. 38 Learn what made you fail at overcoming these challenges.Simplify the challenge youre facing. Make the challenge easier than it is. 39 As you get through each step, you develop more confidence and you believe you can get it done, and then you will.Stay positive and confident. 40
41、 You have to find out all the ways you can use to overcome it, and put them to full use with all your effort. Its our own mental stability thats the difficult part. When you do it mentally, youll actually be able to do it. A. Stay calm and cool headed.B. Think the best, not the worst.C. Start by bre
42、aking it down into steps.D. To overcome a challenge, you have to believe you can really do it.E. Most people will avoid any challenge, because theyre scared of failing.F. Develop that confidence in saying theres no way youre going to fail at this.G. Pick yourself up, and learn from why youve failed,
43、 and move on in a positive direction.第二部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In my second year of high school, I met the anthropology (人类学) teacher, Mr. Croft. I didnt know anything about anthropology, so I never signed up for Mr.
44、Crofts class. 41, this didnt stop him from positively 42 my life. Mr. Croft was a 43 twenty-four hours a day after school, before school, and in and out of his 44 . Mr. Croft inspired and taught every student at East High, 45 me. He often 46 me to become all I could possibly be.How could I possibly
45、47 Mr. Croft?After I graduated from high school, I had an opportunity to 48 football for thirteen-year-olds. To get a feel for the boys 49 , I had each of them run out for a 50 . I wanted to see who could run, catch and throw so I could 51 a team in my mind.Two days into practice, a tall kid appeare
46、d on the field. He got in 52 , and when he ran out for a pass, I threw the ball. It hit him square in the 53 . He picked up the 54 and ran it back to me. It came time for his second pass and I 55 him in the head again. With his nose bleeding and his lip swelling, he 56 the ball, raced it back to me,
47、 and got back in line. Later I got to know that he was the son of my anthropology teacher, Tommy Croft. I was 57 . He said, “Im here because I want to play football. And I promise 58 youll help me, I know I can do it!”“Get back in line,” I told him. Here, at last, was my 59 to be a Mr. Croft to a Cr
48、oft. Here was my chance to give something back. For the first time in my life, I 60 the meaning of “an educational system”. What goes around really does come around!41. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Therefore42. A. controlling B. influencing C. saving D. supporting43. A. teacher B. worker C. helper D. director44. A. office B. bedroom C. home D. classroom45. A. directly B. especially C. simply D. eventually46. A. encouraged B. asked C. persuaded D. reminded 47. A. repay B. forget C. refuse D. respect48. A. play B. coach C. follow D. watch49. A. characters B. courage C. abilitie
