1、WRITNG,Seven,The ghost,A/G 12月份考考官心情会很好 地域的不同,分数不同 必须写成4段或者5段 小作文不重要 题型要改革了,再不考就更难了 流程图一年就考2回 字数少一点无所谓,230多没问题,任务完成程度:TR-Task Response 结构与衔接程度:CC-Coherence(条理性;连贯性;一致性)& Cohesion(结合) 词汇丰富程度:LR-Lexical Resource 语法应用程度:GRA-Grammatical Range & Accuracy,Types of subject,160 topics 15 types Education/Soc
2、iety-80% Language/Animal/Woman/Factory Government/Culture/Technology/Tourism/ Media/Environment/Development/ Globalization/Crime,大作文出题的形式:,Discuss both views and give your opinion Discuss both views disadvantages and advantages To what extent do you agree or disagree causes + solutions,Typical flaws
3、 of essay,Baby words Clich No logic No diversified sentences/structures No impression,Noun (名词),A noun is a word that names a person or thing:The dog barked loudly. The boys were playing in the garden. You must always tell the truth.,Verb (动词),A verb is a word that describes an action:The boys swam
4、ashore.A verb may simply link a subject and a complement: The rabbit was brown and white.,Adjective (形容词),An adjective is a word that describes something:A big dog A green car,Adverb (副词),An adverb is a word that adds information about the action of a verb:They all laughed loudly. I will be back ton
5、ight.,Pronoun (代词),A pronoun is a word such as he, she, I, we, etc,Conjunction (连词),A conjunction is a word that links clauses:I will come when I am ready. We tried and tried but we could not open the box.,基本句型,主动补(SVC)结构 在SVC结构中,谓语动词通常是联系动词(Linking Verb). 例如: The man is a teacher. He looks fine. Di
6、nner is at six oclock. The tape-recorder is on the table.,主动(SV)结构 在SV结构中,谓语动词通常是不及物动词(Intransitive Verb) 例如: Iron rusts. Everybody laughed.,主动宾(SVO)结构 在SVO结构中,谓语动词通常是及物动词(Transitive Verb), 随后须跟宾语,带一个宾语。 例如: I want a ticket. Liverpool won the game.,Subject (主语),A noun, noun phrase, or pronoun that u
7、sually comes before a main verb and represents the person or thing that performs the action of the verb, or about which something is stated, for example “she” in “she hit John” or “elephants” in “Elephants are big”,Predicate (谓语),The core of the predicate is always a verb. A verb usually describes t
8、he action or activity of the subject: He read the letter with satisfaction The plane flew low over the hills James shook his head.,Object (宾语),The object of a verb is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb: She was reading a book Pay the money and lets go.,Complement (补语),A word or
9、 phrase that follows a verb and describes the subject of the verb. In “John is cold” and “John became chairman”, “cold” and “chairman” are complements.,Modal verb (情态助动词),One of these verb forms: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, used to, need, had better, and dare.
10、 They are all used with other verbs to express ideas such as possibility, permission, or intention,Vocabulary,Applying language To increase reading, like Economist, BBC News, and Novels etc www.yeeyan.org www.wikipedia.org,Should a factory be built in your community? Do you agree or disagree?,Outli
11、ne,Agree or DisagreeBodySum up,A. the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning; B. the succeeding sentences explain or establish or develop the statement made in the topic sentence; C. the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence. 段
12、落伊始要开门见山点明中心思想 随后的句子要对表示主题的句子进行解释、举证或扩展; 最后的句子或者强调段落开头的主题,或者总结一些重要的结果。,Paragraph Rules,PREP Method Point Reason Example (Re-) Point,First Paragraph,Firstly, a new factory near our community helps to improve the living standard of people in our community. The factory will employ a lot of workers. As
13、a consequence, the unemployment rate will drop significantly. Many people in our community will find a job in the factory. As peoples income increases, they will be able to spend more money on their food, clothing and leisure, and the quality of life will be increased.,删除不必要的词:,生动的文章是简练的。一个句子不应包含那些不
14、必要的词,一个段落不应包含不必要的句子,出于同样的原因,一幅画不应有不必要的线条,一部机器不应有不必要的零件。这不是要求作者所写的句子都是短句,后者作者不要交代所有的细节以及对主题只做概述而已,而是要求每一个词都要有用。,Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a
15、machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.,The question as to whether WhetherThere is no doubt but that No doubt (doubtless),Used for fuel purposes Used fo
16、r fuelHe is a man who he,This is a subject which This subjectHis story is a strange one His story is strange,Macbeth was very ambitious. This led him to wish to become king of Scotland. The witches told him that this wish of his would come true. The king of Scotland at this time was Duncan. Encourag
17、ed by his wife, Macbeth murdered Duncan. He was thus enabled to succeed Duncan as king. (51 words) Encouraged by his wife, Macbeth achieved his ambition and realized the prediction of the witches by murdering Duncan and becoming king of Scotland in his place. (26 words),Speaking and Writing , Whats
18、different?,Speaking First, I think education should be free because it will help society. More people can get an education if they dont have to pay for it. And, because of that, people will creative more companies, and this will give a lot of people better jobs, like high-tech jobs in computers. Als
19、o, these people will make more money, and they can buy bigger homes and nicer cars. This will help other industries, like construction.Writing First, I support free education because of the social benefits. More students can get an education if they dont have to pay tuition. The higher number of edu
20、cated citizens will lead to more companies. Therefore, many people can have better careers. For example, more graduates can become computer programmers, engineers, or doctors. Moreover, these workers will have higher salaries, so they can afford bigger homes and nicer cars. The increased spending wi
21、ll help other industries, such as construction.,第一种口语化的表达方式中,使用了更多的代词(that, this )和并列连词(and, so ), 这在口语中是很长常用的。第二种书面化的回答中,句子并不长,但是用的代词却相对较少(例如,that=high number of educated people ), 词汇也用的更好(tuition, careers, salaries ), 并且用了较多的过度副词(therefore, moreover ).,增强语句的表现力,将作表语用的形容词或名词变为行为动词。 例如 The team memb
22、ers are good players. -the team members play well. One workers plan is the elimination of tardiness. -one workers plan eliminates tardiness.,在以“here”或“there”开头的句子中,把“be”动词后的名词或代词变成改写句的主语。列如: There is no opportunity for promotion. -no opportunity for promotion exists.,写作中绝对不能出现的词汇,1. a lot of/lots of
23、 这对词组一般不要出现在academic essay中,考官已经看烦了.可以用A considerable number of代替 2. Everything has two sides/every coin has tow sides 说了跟没说一样,明显的事实,以后也不要用了 3. Recently 这个词不好.按照他们的说法就是too imprecise,没有一个具体的时间.可以用 In the last 5 years/since.代替 4. There is survey 也就是说考官知道这些都是你编的,最好不要用了,5. And, because, but 这三个词我们还是经常会用
24、到.其实最好用in addition, therefore, however等代替 6. 不能用vivid 来形容world vivid可以用来说memories或者是dream之类的 7. No one can deny that/Undoubtedly 这2个词组太绝对了,用来开头并不合适. 其实每个人都能持与你意见相反的态度 8. in a word,9. Nowadays 理由和3差不多, 这个词用在文章里显得太普通了, 10. It is a well known fact 最好不要用, 有的考官会扣分 11. advantage and disadvantage 换成merits
25、and drawback 和negative and positive 12. In my opinion, I dis/agree with this 这是多余的表达. When stating your opinion you follow with a fact,13. very不能用来形容delicious, lovely, fantastic, wonderful, amazing, gorgeous and huge.,Official Instruction,If you have an IELTS exam this weekend, this post can literal
26、ly save your score. Many people get in trouble with their IELTS Writing for no reason, just because they dont realize some things are not acceptable in IELTS letters, essays or reports. Here is a number of ways you can get in trouble with your IELTS writing tasks:,1. Using informal English in the IE
27、LTS Writing tasks. Informal English is OK for your Speaking test it is not OK for your Writing test. Even though not every informal word gets penalized, the more formal your style is, the better your score will be. To demonstrate the difference, informal expression “loads of / tons of” should be rep
28、laced with “many” or “much”; “fed up with” should be replaced with “lost his patience”, etc.,2. Using contractions. Contractions are “its” instead of “it is”, “Ive” instead of “I have”, “were” instead of “we are” (these are only a few examples). Contractions are a bad, bad thing to use in your essay
29、, they dont save you much time and can cost you marks. Do me a favor and forget about contractions in your IELTS writing. Write “should not” instead of “shouldnt”, “could not” instead of “couldnt”, “would not” instead of “wouldnt”. You get the idea.,3. Using slang. You can use slang any time talking
30、 to your friends, but this is the only place where it belongs, in a conversation between friends. Keep it out of your IELTS essays, letters or reports. You cant write “dunno” instead of “dont know”, “wanna” instead of “want to” or “gonna” instead of “going to”.,4. SMS-like spelling. We all are typin
31、g SMS messages, chatting on Skype and the like, and there is a bunch of shorter ways to write longer words. We type “u” instead of “you”, “c” instead of “see”, “IMHO” instead of “in my humble opinion”. None of these can appear in your IELTS work, unless you are specifically trying to mess up and get
32、 a lower score than you deserve. You need to write the full word and spell it correctly, period.,General or Specific,A good man kind, honest, generous, sympathetic, warm-hearted, selfless, brave, cold-fish Good food tasty, nourishing, fresh, abundant Laugh smile, grin, giggle, chuckle,General: it is
33、 often windy and dusty here in spring. Specific: in spring there is often a very strong northwest wind. it carries so much fine dust with it that sometimes the sun becomes obscure. There is no escape from the fine dust; it gets into your eyes, your ears, your nostrils, and your hair. It goes through
34、 the cracks of closed windows and covers your desks and chairs.,General: students do many interesting things after classes.,Specific: every morning and afternoon the sports fields are alive with energetic students. Football and basketball matches, volleyball, and badminton, track-training and gymnas
35、tics are all in full swing. Even the alleyways under the trees and around the flower beds provide enough space for enthusiasts to practice. Through the windows comes the pitter-patter of ping-pang balls, the sound of songs and music, or laughter and discussion.,写作常见类同义词归纳总结,1解决: Solve, deal with, co
36、pe with, handle, resolve, address, tackle 2损害:Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize 3给与:Give, offer, render, impart, provide,supply, afford 4培养:Develop, cultivate, foster 5优势:Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength 6缺陷:Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakne
37、ss,7使迷惑:Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle 8重要的:Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative 9认为:Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced 10保护:Protect, conserve, preser
38、ve 11确保:Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge 12有害的:Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental,13要求 :Request, demand, needs, requisition 14消除 :Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away 15导致:Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate 16因此:So, th
39、erefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this,17宣称:Allege, assert, declare, claim 18发生:Happen, occur, take place 19原因:Reason, factor, cause 20发展:Development, advance, progress,21有益的:Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, reward
40、ing,advantageous 22影响:Influence, impact, effect 23明显的:Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear,词组,on account of 因为,由于 in addition to 除之外 on (the/an) average平均,一般来说 on the basis of 根据,在的基础上 at (the) best充其量,至多 on business因公,因事 in any case无论如何,总之 in case of 假使,万一 in cas
41、e假如,以防(万一)免得 in no case决不,by chance偶然,碰巧 in charge of 负责,主管 in common共用,共有,共同 in conclusion最后,总之 on condition that在条件下 in connection with/to 关于 in consequence因此,结果 in consequence of 由于的缘故 on the contrary反之,正相反 in contrast with/to 与成对照,under control被控制住 at all costs不惜任何代价 at the cost of 以为代价 in the c
42、ourse of 在过程中,在期间 in detail详细地 in difficulties处境困难 on earth究竟,到底 at all events无论如何 in any event无论如何 in effect实际上,with the exception of 除之外 in the face of 面对,不顾 in favor of 有利于,赞成,支持 in general通常,大体上 at heart在内心,实质上 in honor of 为纪念,向表示敬意 at intervals不时,时时 at length终于,最后,详细地 at a loss困惑,不知所措 by all me
43、ans无论如何,必定,by means of 借助于,用 by no means决不 by mistake错误地 in nature本质上 on occasion有时,不时 in particular特别地,尤其,详细地 in the first place起初,首先 in the last place最后 in practice实际上 at present目前,现在,in proportion to 与成比例 for (the) purpose of 为了 on purpose故意,有意 at random随意地,任意地 at any rate无论如何,至少 by reason of 由于
44、with/in regard to 对于,就而论 with respect to 关于 as a result结果,因此 as a result of 由于的缘故,in the long run最终,从长远观点看 for the sake of 为了起见 at first sight乍一看,初看起来 in spite of 不管,不顾 in terms of 依据,按照 on the second thoughts经重新考虑,一转念 from time to time有时,不时 in truth事实上,实际上,的确 on the whole总的来说 have/gain access to可以获
45、得,take.into account把加以考虑 gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于 take advantage of利用,趁之机 make the best of充分利用,妥善处理 take charge of担任,负责 make a/the difference有影响,很重要 carry/bring into effect使生效,使起作用 put into effect实行,生效 come/go into effect生效,实施 keep an eye on留意,照看,bear/keep in mind记住 make up ones mind下决心 keep
46、/hold pace with 跟上,与同步 take place发生,进行 take the place of 代替 make sense讲得通,有意义 a great/good deal of大量(修饰不可数名词) influence on影响 reply to回答,答复 once upon a time从前,once in a while偶尔,有时 account for说明 allow for考虑到 live on/by靠生活,以为食 refer to参考,查阅,涉及,提到 serve as用做 take for把认为是,把看成是 think over仔细考虑 depend on取决于
47、 devote to奉献,致力于,engage in从事于,忙着 insist on坚持 look forward to盼望,期待 have something to do with和有点关系 have nothing to do with和毫无关系 be fed up with对感到厌烦 take.as把做为 think of.as把看做是 be abundant in富于,富有 be accustomed to习惯于,be aware of意识到 be based on根据,以为基础 be characterized by以为特征 be composed of由组成 be concerne
48、d about关心,挂念 be determined to do something决心做 be equal to等于 be free from没有的,不受影响 be identified as被认为是 be known as被称做,以著称,be known to为所熟知 be popular with受欢迎 be prepared for对做好准备 be regarded as被认为是,被当做是 be satisfied with对满意,满足于 be second to次于 be sick of对感到厌倦 be used as被用做 be used to习惯于 get used to习惯于,
49、all of a sudden 突然 all the time 一直,始终 as a rule 通常,照例 as far as .be concerned 就.而言 as to 至于,关于 at best 充其量,至多 before long 不久以后 beyond question 毫无疑问 by all means 尽一切办法,务必 every now and then 时而,偶尔,in itself 本质上,就其本身而言 sooner or later 迟早,早晚 abide by 遵守,信守 agree with与相一致 同意 be beneficial to 有利于,有益于 turn a blind eye to 对视而不见 by leaps and bounds飞速地,突飞猛进地 when it comes to一谈到,就而论 disagree with 与意见不一致 不同意 give an opinion on 对发表意见,