1、Cultural Geography,Ptolemys First World Map, circa A.D. 150,Michael Reed Office: Natural Sciences (NS) 209 Phone: 310-660-6016 Email: mreedelcamino.edu Web Page: http:/www.elcamino.edu/Faculty/mreed/index.htm,B.A. History, Brown University, 1992Geography Coursework, Cabrillo College, 1995M.A. Geogra
2、phy, SDSU, 1999Associate Professor of Geography, Glendale CC, 2000-2005Instructor of Geography, El Camino CC, 2005-present.27 jobs at last count, including tour guide, gondolier, waiter, newspaper reporter, N.Y.C. fashion executive, McDonalds kitchen crew, stereo salesman, shoe salesman, receptionis
3、t, and many others.,My Teaching Philosophy,I try to teach this class the same as I would anywhere else. Community colleges should not be second rate.You are responsible for your own education, particularly now that you are in college. I am a guide, a helper, if you will. College is what you make of
4、it. I consider my responsibilities to include fairness, honesty, and compassion. Most of all, I think it is my job to earnestly attempt to make geography interesting and fun, without making it frivolous.I promise this: if you take this class seriously, you will learn a great deal about the world.,Wh
5、at is Geography?,Organized knowledge of the earth as the world of people.Dave Balogh,Geography is a representation of the whole known world together with the phenomena which are contained therein.Ptolemy, Geographia 2nd Century A.D.,Geography is the science of place. Its vision is grand, its view pa
6、noramic. It sweeps the surface of the Earth, charting the physical, organic and cultural terrain, their areal differentiation, and their ecological dynamics with humankind. Its foremost tool is the map.Leonard Krishtalka, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 20th Century A.D.,What is Geography?,Geogr
7、aphy is the study of what is where and why its there.Mike Reed,Five “Key Themes” of Geography,1. Location specific location, where? 2. Place unique properties of a place 3. Movement diffusion, communications 4. Region an areas uniform characteristics 5. Human-Earth Relationships human interaction wi
8、th an environment,Okay, but what exactly is it? Well, its a way of thinking about intellectual problems, both natural and societal, which emphasizes the importance of spatial relationships between culture and the environment. Take any social or environmental question or problem and ask yourself whet
9、her there is a spatial aspect to its answer. Chances are that space and place play a role in the explanation of that issue.Mike Reed, Making It Up As I GoFor example: Why are so many plant and animal species becoming extinct at the end of the twentieth century? Why do there always seem to be been so
10、 many wars in Africa?How did human beings come to be in North America if they evolved in Africa? Why are the largest animals still alive in Africa but not in Europe or North America, even though people came later to those regions?Why is corn such an important part of a traditional Mexican diet?Why a
11、re some beers known as India Pale Ales?,Divisions of Geography,Physical Geography Human GeographyRocks and Minerals PopulationLandforms SettlementsSoils Economic ActivitiesAnimals TransportationPlants Recreational ActivitiesWater ReligionAtmosphere Political SystemsRivers and Other Water Bodies Soci
12、al TraditionsEnvironment Human MigrationClimate and Weather Agricultural SystemsGeography is a bridge between the natural and social sciences. Geography is a holistic or synthesizing science.,The Geography of Breakfast,Take a minute to write down all of the food and drink you ate before coming to cl
13、ass today.,Breakfast Foods,Food Place of Origin Current Production coffee Ethiopia Tropics oranges South Asia, India US, Mediterranean pork China, South Asia Worldwide wheat Near East US, Russia, Argentina tea China Asia oats Near East Temperate Climates pepper South America S. America, Worldwide,To
14、p Ten Coffee Growing Countries (Yellow),First domesticated in Ethiopia, coffee has come to be a major export crop for colonial countries and continues to provide much of the export income in these less developed countries. In Uganda, 70-80% of export revenue is generated by coffee. Many issues are r
15、aised by the continuation of such colonial economics.,COFFEE,Fieldwork: Geographers as Modern Explorers and Observers,China, 2004,Costa Rica,Navajo Guide, Monument Valley, 1997,Shanghai, China 2004,Rarotonga, Cook Islands, 2002,Cinque Terra, Italia, 2001,Mt. San Jacinto State Park, Idylwild, CA, 200
16、1,Baja, 1996,Honolua Bay, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 2003,Physical Geography Student, Zion National Park, Utah, 2002,Rocky Mountain National Park, 2003,Milford Sound, New Zealand 2002,Joshua Tree, 2004,Taos, New Mexico, 2003,Sugar Cane Field, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 2003,Cadiz Dunes, Mojave Desert, 200
17、2,Franz Joseph Glacier, New Zealand, 2002,Introduction to Cultural Geography,Definition of Cultural GeographyHistory of the DisciplineFundamental Concepts,What are its elements? Language Religion Food Clothing Art Music Rituals and Customs How is it transferred? Parents to Children Schooling Televis
18、ion, Films, Radio, and Internet,What is CULTURE?,What is CULTURE?,Culture is learned behavior that is passed on by imitation, instruction, and example. Culture is almost entirely relative. Proper behavior shifts from culture to culture. U.S. current problems: 1) little shared culture; 2) no one is t
19、eaching culture. For example: sex education - Home? School? Note: experiencing another culture is useful for gaining perspective on your own. Harshest punishment in history?: banishment in “primitive” cultures.,Geographic Importance of Culture,Geographers study culture because it leaves dramatic imp
20、rints on the earth, both physical and cultural. Language: a crystal ball into culture. Religion: strongest determinant of ethics. Nationalism and Borders Material Culture: tools, clothes, toys, etc. Architecture: Suburban garages vs. earlier porches Religion: affects societal choices; creates sacred
21、 space,The Cultural Landscape,The result of the natural environment and all of the changes to it as a result of a particular culture. In other words, it is cultures imprint on the land. (Carl Sauer) Environmental Determinism: environment is primary determinant of culture. Possibilism: humans are pri
22、mary determinant of culture, within limits set by the environment.,N.Y.C. Environmentally Determined?,What about Bali, Indonesia?,Key Concepts: Space,Latitude and Longitude - a reference system designed to provide “absolute” location (as opposed to relative locations). A system used to designate spa
23、ce.Parallels of Latitude Meridians of Longitude,The Geographic Grid,Latitude - angular measurement of distance north or south of the Equator.,Range: 0 - 90 degrees N or S,1o latitude = approx. 69 miles (25,000 mi. /360o).,The Geographic Grid,Longitude - the angular measurement of distance east or we
24、st of the Prime Meridian.,Range: 0o - 180o E or W,Maximum value reached at International Date Line - 180o,Key Concepts: Toblers 1st Law of Geography,All things are related. However, all other things being equal, those things that are closest together are more related. Related Concepts: Distance Deca
25、y / Friction of Distance Spatial Interaction Movement,Key Concepts,REGION an area defined by shared characteristic 3 Types of Culture Regions Formal - all members share a characteristic Functional - defined by a node of activity and distance decay from center Vernacular - perception of cultural iden
26、tity,Overlapping Formal and Functional Regions,Vernacular Regions,Diffusion The spread of people, customs, phenomenon, objects, or ideas.,Four Types: RelocationHierarchicalContagiousStimulus,Use these terms to explain the spread of: Diseases Popular Music Democratic Revolutions Religious Practices,S
27、ense of Place,Every place is unique. Imagine where you lived as a child. Where is home? Why and how do places take on meaning for human individuals? Sensory Architecture Symbolic Why is each place unique? Key works: Place and Placelessness - Relph, 1978 Topophilia - Tuan, Yi-Fu,Sense of Place,Grovel
28、and, CA,Bourbon Street,What kinds of cultural values are reflected in each of these American houses?,Gated community?,Where are we? What values are reflected in each? What relation to physical environment?,Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey,Timber House, Switzerland,Yurt on Mongolian Steppe,Suburban Home, C
29、hicago,Human-Environment Interaction (Cultural Ecology),Successful cultures are those that adapt well to their environments. (Chaco Canyon, North Africa, Fertile Crescent, Easter Island),Chaco Canyon, New Mexico,Easter Island, Polynesia,Key Concepts: Core-Periphery,Core U.S., Europe, Japan, Australi
30、a Wealthy Powerful Controls Media and Finance Technologically advanced,Periphery Less Developed Poor Dependent upon Core countries for: Education Technology Media Military Equipment,Key Concepts: Core-Periphery,Geography and Politics,Ties to Military Role in Colonization Role in Imperialism Role in
31、Cold War,Ethnocentrism Masculinism,Foreign - 4) Situated in an abnormal or improper place. 5) Not natural: alien. The American Heritage Dictionary,Globalization,The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, political, and cultural change. Economic globalization is happening fastest.,Panama, 1997,End of Slides,
