1、Part Learning about Language & Using Language,.重点单词 1._ n.营养；滋养；食物 2._ n.焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦 3._ n.土壤 4._ vt.减少；减缩 5._ n.根；根源 6._ vt.浏览；略读,nutrition,focus,soil,reduce,root,skim,7._ vt.画底线标出；强调 8._ n.评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论 9._ vt.使迷惑；使为难confused adj.困惑的；烦恼的confusing adj.令人困惑的confusion n.困惑；混乱 10._ vt.遗憾；
2、惋惜 n.遗憾；懊悔regretful adj.遗憾的；后悔的regretfully adv.遗憾地；痛惜地 11._ adj.化学的；关于化学的chemistry n.化学制品；化学药品 12._ n.矿物；矿石mine n.矿；矿山 13._ n.生产；制造produce vt.生产；制造producer n.生产者；制片人 14._ n.发现；发觉discover vt.发现discoverer n.发现者 15._ n.总结；摘要；概要summarize vt.总结；概括,underline,comment,confuse,regret,chemical,mineral,product
3、ion,discovery,summary,.核心短语 1._ 需要 2._ 给造成损害 3._ 将洗掉；洗净 4._ 逐渐增强；建立；开发 5._ 导致；造成(后果) 6.in addition _ 7.focus on _ 8.keep.free from/of _ ment on _ 10.in summary _,(be) in need of,cause damage to,wash off,build up,lead to,另外,集中(注意力、精力等)于,使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物),对作出评论,总之,.经典句式 1.Recently，however，scientist
4、s _ that long-term use of these fertilizers can _the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。 2.In addition，fruit，vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow _ much nutrition.另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。,have been fin
5、ding,cause damage to,too fast to be full of,3.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，_ crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。,making it ready for,1.转化词汇,regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔 focus n.焦点；中心点vt.集
6、中；聚焦 comment n.评论；议论vt.& vi.表达意见；作出评论,2.合成词汇,soy(a)(大豆)bean(豆子)soybean(soyabean) n.大豆 under(在下面)line(线)underline vt.画底线标出；强调,原文呈现,CHEMICALOR ORGANIC FARMING?,Over the past half century，using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop
7、 disease and increase production.Recently，however，scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.,What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers？First，they damage the land by killing the helpfu
8、l bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.This affects crops and，therefore，animals and humans，since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.These chemicals in the food supply build upin peoples bodies
9、 over time.Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.In addition，fruit，vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition.They may look beautiful，but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.,阅读清障,chem
10、ical/kemIkl/adj.化学的；关于化学的 organic/：nIk/adj.有机的；器官的；组织的 organic farming有机耕作 fertilizer/f：tIlaIz/n.肥料；化肥 “over the past时间段”常与现在完成时连用；动名词短语using chemical fertilizers作主语，谓语动词用单数。 production/prdkn/n.生产；制造 have been finding是现在完成进行时形式，表示动作从过去持续到现在，而且目前还在进行中。 long-term use of sth长期使用某物 cause damage to对产生损害,
11、过去分词短语caused by chemical fertilizers作后置定语。 bacteria/bktIrI/n.(bacterium/bktIrIm/的复数形式)细菌 pest/pest/n.害虫 wash off洗掉 build up逐渐增强；建立；开发 over time随着时间的推移 lead to(n./pron.)导致；造成(后果) in addition另外(用作副词短语，作状语) in addition to除之外,过去分词短语grown with chemical fertilizers作后置定语。 nutrition/nju：trIn/n.营养；滋养；食物 mine
12、ral/mInrl/n.矿物；矿石 discovery/dIskvrI/n.发现；发觉 with these discoveries在句中作原因状语。 turn to转向；求助于 focus on(concentrate on)集中(注意力、精力等)于 soil/sIl/n.土壤 reduce/rIdju：s/vt.减少；减缩,.What does the passage tell us?Since chemical fertilizers have caused _，farmers have turned to _，using _ to keep the soil rich. .Match
13、the main idea with each paragraph.Para.1 A.Problems caused by chemical fertilizers.Para.2 B.Farmers and customers turn to organic farming.Para.3 C.Long term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and peoples health.Para.4 D.Other methods to keep the soil fertile.,答案 Para.1 C Para.2
14、 A Para.3 B Para.4 D,damage,organic farming,natural waste,.Choose the best answer according to the text.,1.From the passage，we can see organic farmers are those who .A.grow crops with chemical fertilizers B.grow crops with natural fertilizersC.produce organic fertilizers D.care for the environment 2
15、.From the fourth paragraph，we know that . A.its not good to plant grass between crops B.peanuts use the surface of soil C.peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheat D.vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil,3.Farmers so that the soil may not get exhausted. A.g
16、row the same crops year after year B.use natural fertilizers C.change crops every few years D.use chemical fertilizers 4.How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?A.3. B.4. C.5. D.6. 答案 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B,1.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难,It is important to explain this again
17、or we will confuse the students.(教材P13) 把这个再解释一遍很重要，否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。 (1)confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆 (2)confused adj. (人)不知所措的；困惑的 be confused about. 对感到困惑 confusing adj. (事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的,Be careful not to confuse quantity with/and quality. 注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。 If youre confused _ anything，phone my office. 如果你
18、有感到困惑的问题，给我办公室打电话。 The instructions are so _ that I am totally _.(confuse) 说明书太令人费解了，我完全糊涂了。,about,confusing,confused,2.regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n.遗憾；懊悔(教材P13),He regretted missing/having missed the speech made by Professor Wang. 他后悔错过了王教授的演讲。 I regret _(tell) you that I cant travel to Beijing together with
19、you at the appointed time. 我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去北京了。 Much _ our regret，we will not be able to visit you next year. 让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。,to tell,to,名师点津 “regret动词-ing形式”表示对已发生的事表示后悔；“regret不定式”表示对即将说的话或做的事感到遗憾。 语境串记 I regretted to tell her that she had been dismissed.Much to my regret，she said to me
20、，“I have no regret.I only regret having taken the wrong job.” 我很遗憾地告诉她她被解雇了，让我深感遗憾的是，她对我说：“我没有任何遗憾，我只是后悔选错了工作。”,3.reduce vt.减少；减缩,A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.(教材P14) 健康的土壤减少病虫害并且有助于农作物茁壮成长。 reduce sth to. 减少到 reduce sth by. 减少了,Theyve reduced the prices in
21、the shop，so its good time to buy. 商店已经降低了(商品的)价格，所以现在是买东西的好时候。 It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed _ forty kilometres an hour. 由于大雾，司机不得不把速度减到每小时40千米。 If you buy more than ten，they will reduce the price _ 10 percent. 你如果买10个以上，他们就会把价格降低10%。 名师点津 reduce“减少”的近义词是decrease，反义词是increase，rise(增
22、加)。这三个词与reduce用法一样，后可接to.表示增减的结果，接by.表示增减的幅度。,to,by,ment n.评论；议论vt.& vi.表达意见；作出评论,Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.(教材P15) 和你的搭档交换摘要并互作评论。 make comments on/upon sth 评论某事 comment on/upon 对发表评论 comment that. 评论说,She made helpful comments on/upon my work. 她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。 Pe
23、ople were always commenting _ my sisters looks. 人们总是对我妹妹的容貌评头论足。 He commented _ this story was really absurd. 他说这个故事实在很荒谬。,on/upon,that,1.build up逐渐增加；建立；开发,These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.(教材P14) 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。 一词多义 写出下列句中build up的含义 Their words b
24、uilt up my confidence after the interview._ They built up this business after ten years struggle._ It is reported that a big oil well has been built up in the South Sea._,增强,建立,开发,build oneself up 增强体质 build up a fame 建立名声 build up ones health/body 增进健康/增强体质 You must _ after your illness. 患病之后，你必须增强
25、体质。 Taking exercise helps us _ and keep a clear mind. 锻炼有助于我们增强体质，保持头脑清醒。 名师点津 “v.up”构成的短语还有： give up 放弃 come up 上升；发芽 show up 出现 turn up 调高(音量)；出现 take up 从事；占据 pick up 拾起；学会；开车接,build yourself up,build up our bodies,2.lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向,Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesse
26、s.(教材P14) 很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。 lead sb to do sth 引导某人做某事 lead sb into/to. 领着某人进入/去 lead the way 引路；带路 lead a(n).life 过着生活,All roads lead to Rome. 谚语条条大路通罗马。 The news leads me _ (believe) that they will come. 这消息使我相信他们会来的。 He decided to _after the unusual experience. 这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。 名师点津 lead to中
27、的to是介词，后面应该接名词或动名词作宾语。与cause，result in，contribute to，bring about同义，意为“导致”。 语境串记 He led the way，and led us to a village of Tibet.There we found the local people leading a happy life. 他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。,to believe,lead/live a new life,3.focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于,They focus on keeping th
28、eir soil rich and free of disease.(教材P14) 他们关心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。 focus ones attention on/upon 集中注意力在 become the focus of 成为的焦点,I cant focus my attention on study with so much noise outside. 外面噪音这么大，我不能把注意力集中在学习上。 Recently，the topic of “intelligent manufacturing in China” has become _ focus of the societ
29、y. 近来， “中国智造”这一话题已经成了社会的焦点。 名师点津 表示“专注；聚精会神”的同义短语有： be lost in/lose oneself in concentrate ones attention/mind on put ones heart into,the,4.keep.free from/of使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物),This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals.(教材P14) 这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。 be free from/of 免受伤害
30、free.from/of. 解除；去除 for free/free of charge 免费,You had better _ air pollution. 你最好让这个地区免受空气污染。 Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten-mile limit. 在10英里范围之内，您的订货将免费送货上门。 These exercises help free the body _ tension. 这些锻炼可以使紧张的身体放松。,keep this area free of/from,from/of,Crops such as p
31、eas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.(教材P14) 像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。 本句中making it.为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示前面的情况所造成的结果，相当于and made it ready for crops.；that 引导定语从句，修饰 wheat or corn。
32、,Many people from all over the world have moved to America，making it the most multicultural country in the world. 来自世界各地的很多人去了美国，使之成为世界上最多元文化的国家。 It has rained for over ten days, _ (cause) the river to rise. 下了十多天雨，致使河水上涨。 名师点津 现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。 He hurried to the airport，only _(tell) that the plane had taken off. 他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。,causing,to be told,
