1、1.How to be a good teacher?What makes a good teacher?Make their lesson interesting.Love his jobHas his own personality and doesnt hide it from the students.Lots of knowledge, not only his subjectEntertainer who can amuse studentsFriendly and can help solve problemsHas an affinity with the studentsTr
2、y and draw out quite ones/control more talkative onesCan correct people without offending themHelps rather than shoutsKnow students nameClass management the ability to control and inspire a classHow should teachers talk to studentsRough tune their language to the students levels: exaggerated tone of
3、 voice/less complex grammatical structures/less difficult words/eye contactPhysical movement gestures/expressions/mimeHow to give instructions:They must be kept as simple as possible/be logicalCheck if they understandHow to talk in class:Balance stt and ttt(comprehensible input). Maxim STTWhat are t
4、he best kinds of lesson?Balance between predictable safety and unexpected varietyHow important is it to follow a prearranged plan:Concentrated on the teachers ability to respond flexibly to what happens in class, even while attempting to follow a pre-arranged plan.How to be a good learnerThe hours t
5、hey spend practicing and always do homework/age/levelHow important the students motivationIntegrative motivationinstrumental motivation Who is responsible for learning?Good learners take some responsibility learning themselves/encourage self-studyingCharacters that good classroom learners share: the
6、 desirability to using proper learning skillsA willingness to listen/to experiment/to ask questions/to think about how to learn/accept correctionAdult learner: also can be disruptive like adolescents/nervous about learning/more world knowledge/greater tolerance for “serious learning”.Balance serious
7、 study of English with the more entertaining activities.Different levels: Beginners (false beginners)(elementary)(lower intermediate) intermediate(upper intermediate) advancedRough tune different language level/different questionsDifferent activities: pronunciation practice/simple introduction dialo
8、gue/abstract discussion3. how to manage teaching and learning:Teachers physical presence in class: Proximity: how closeAppropriacy: crouching down/same levelmovement: move around the class to some extent. Make contact with students(esp eye contact)How to use their voice:Audibility clearly heard with
9、out shouting in a disagreeable wayVariety stress the need for varietyConservation take good care of their voiceHow to mark the stage of lesson:Mark stages and changes clearly so that students know whats going on. Good teachers know how to start the class and also know how to close it so that there w
10、as a feeling of completeness.Sitting arrangement: Orderly rows keep in touch with whats going on and involve all the studentsCircles and horseshoes teacher dominated Separate tables tongshangStudent grouping:Whole classGroup work and pair workSoloworkTeacher also should evaluate themselvesTry out ne
11、w techniques/evaluate themselves/find out whether students found them useful or enjoyable/should find variety of means to keep track of their students progress4.how to describe learning and teachingWhat do we know about language learningUnconscious learning in natural circumstanceContact with langua
12、ge for the purpose of communicationElements necessary to learn language in the real worldExposure motivation useElement for language learning in classroom:Engage: to arouse the students interest, thus involving their emotionsStudy: to focus on language or information and how it is constructedActivat
13、e: to try out real language use to rehearse for the real worldEsa sequenceTeachers responsibility to vary the sequences and content of our lessonsStraight arrow sequence esaBoomerang sequence easa“Patchwork” sequence eaasasea etc.Teaching models:Grammar translationAudio-lingualismPPPTBLCLT6. how to
14、teach languageWhat does language study consist of:Be exposed to it Understand its meaningUnderstand its formPractice itWhy do students make mistakesPart of the natural process of learningLearning is a gradual development involving different stagesAppears to regress but actually they are advancing. A
15、ccuracy sometimes doesnt mean full mastery.How should teacher correct studentsPoint outAsk classmates to help outNot let the student fell humiliatedStudents sometimes enjoy helping each other 7. How to teach readingStrategic readingFluent readingReading teach models:Bottom up modelsTop-down modelsIn
16、tensive reading approach(baohanqianliangzhe sometimes)Interactive modelsWhy teach reading:For careers, for study purposes or for pleasureFor exposed to EnglishTo provide good models for English writingTo provide opportunities to study languageWhat kind of reading should students do?Balance students
17、capabilities and their interestsTopics and reading text also worth consideringDepend on who the students areWhat reading skills should students acquireScan for particular informationSkim for the general ideaTo read for detailed comprehensionPrinciples behind the teaching of readingReading is not a p
18、assive skill Students need to be engaged with what they are readingStudents should be encouraged to respond to the content of the text, not just the languagePrediction is a major fact in readingMatch the task to the topicExploit reading texts to the full8. How to teaching writing?Why teach writing?R
19、einforcementLanguage development Learning styleWriting as a skillWhat kind of writing should students do?Abilities and levelsEveryday stylesInterestsHow to correct?Avoid over-correctionUse written symbolsHandwriting: encourage students to write clearly and legibly Lined paper9. how to teaching speak
20、ingWhat kind of speaking should students do?Activate exercise: students use the language at their command to perform some kind lf oral task.Why ?RehearsalFeedbackEngagementHow to correct:In discussion and role-plays, constant interruption form the teacher will destroy the purpose of speaking activit
21、y.Note down mistakes, and correct afterwards.Not to single students put for particular criticism.What should teachers do during a speaking activity?Sometimes can join in students speaking activities, but should not dominate it.Prompting is often necessary but teachers should do it sympathetically an
22、d sensitively.10. how to teaching listeningWhy teach listeningTo hear different varieties and accentsTo help students to acquire language subconsciouslyListening is a skill and can help listeners communicate more effectively.What kind of listening should students do?Authentic listening material and
23、realistic tapeThose can help gain confidence at the beginning.Not very longThe level and the kind of task that go with a tapeWhats special about listening?Tapes go at the same speed for everydayStudents are encouraged to listen for general understanding first rather details immediatelySpoken languag
24、e has a number of unique featuresPrinciples behind the teaching of listening?The tape recorder is just as important as the tapePreparation is vitalOnce will not be enoughStudents should be encouraged to response to the content of the text, not just to the language.Different listening stages demand d
25、ifferent listening taskGood teacher exploit listening text to the fullTeaching listening strategiesPredictionInferringMonitoringClarifyingRespondingEvaluatingWhere does video fit in?Choose video material according to the level and interests of our studentsVideo is richer than audiotape, so that back
26、ground information can be filled in visually.Students can pay less attention to what they are listeningStudents may treat it uncritically rather as they treat watching TV dangerPlaying the tape without soundPlaying the tape but covering the pictureFreezing the pictureDivide the class in half 11. how
27、 to use textbooksDifferent options for textbook useOmission/replacement/addition/adaptationShould be used creativelySARS select adapt reject supplementAddition is look like: personal engagement/word study/word gamesWhy use text book at all?For teachers: no matter how well it planned, they can be ina
28、ppropriate for teachers and students. Teacher should assess their contents carefully and use the textbook judiciously for their own ends, rather than have the textbook use and control them.Other advantagesFor students: feel more positive about textbook than some teachers. The textbook is reassuring.May benefit more from the teachers creative use of the textbookHow to choose a textbook?AnalysisPilotingConsultationGather opinionsPrice/availability/layout and design/methodology/skills/syllabus/topic/stereotyping/teachers guide
