1、,Unit 4 Behind beliefs,高中英语选修9译林版,Christmas Christmas is a Christian holiday that celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ.,In the 4th century the Roman Catholic Church chose December 25 as the day for the Feast of the Nativity.The church chose December 25 for a Christian holy day in the hope of giving
2、Christian meaning to existing pagan celebrations of the winter solstice.As a result，many pagan customs gradually became parts of the Christmas celebration.,By the 12th century，Christmas had become the most important religious festival in Europe.In the 19th century，two Christmas customs became popula
3、rdecorating Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to relatives and friends.Many wellknown Christmas carols were composed during this period.,For most people who celebrate Christmas，the holiday season is an occasion for gatherings of family and friends，feasting，and giving gifts.The celebration
4、of Christmas became increasingly important to many kinds of businesses. One of the most important Christmas traditions is receiving gifts from Santa Claus.Many young children believe that the presents they receive at Christmas are given by Santa Claus，who is a jolly，whitebearded fat man in a red sui
5、t and red hat.,On Christmas Eve，Santa Claus travels through the air from somewhere near the North Pole in a sled drawn by reindeer and comes down the chimney to leave the presents. A traditional Christmas dinner in America includes stuffed turkey，mashed potatoes，cranberry sauce，and a,variety of othe
6、r dishes.Roast turkey is the most popular main course not only in the United States，but also in Canada，Australia，and New Zealand.Some families have ham or roast goose instead of turkey.Favorite desserts include mince pie or pumpkin pie，plum pudding and fruitcake.Eggnog is a popular Christmas beverag
7、e in many homes.In Britain，Christmas dinner is eaten at noon，and the dinner usually includes roast turkey or goose，Christmas pudding with mince pies，accompanied by wine.,1In the 19th century，two Christmas customs became popular_.Abuying Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to relatives and fr
8、iendsBbuying Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to strangers,Cdecorating Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to only children Ddecorating Christmas trees and sending Christmas cards to relatives and friends 答案 D,2A traditional Christmas dinner in America includes _.Astuffed turkey，m
9、ashed potatoes，and a variety of other dishesBstuffed turkey，cranberry sauce，and a variety of other dishes,Cstuffed turkey，mashed potatoes，cranberry sauce， and a variety of other dishes Dmashed potatoes，cranberry sauce，and a variety of other dishes 答案 C,Period One Welcome to the unit & Reading,.Words
10、： 1straightforward adj.简单的；坦诚的 2vague adj.模糊的；不详细的 3underline vt.强调；加下画线 4bare adj.裸露的；空的barely adv.裸露地 5strike vt.击打；攻击；罢工 6handwriting n笔迹；书法，书写,7agricultural adj.农业的agriculture n农业 8sow vt.播种；散布 9ripen vt. & vi.(使)成熟ripe adj.成熟的 10thorough adj.彻底的，完全的；细致的，深入的thoroughly adv.彻底地 11delicate adj.易碎的；
11、精致的,.Phrases： 1by and by不久，过一会儿 2every penny所有的钱，每一分钱 3hire oneself out打工，受雇于人 4catch on受欢迎，流行 5kill the fatted calf设宴庆祝 6in other words换句话说,.Fast Reading 根据课文内容选择最佳答案 1Which of the following is NOT an idiom according to its definition in the passage?Aall ones life Bput up withCAdams apple Dtalk thr
12、ough the hat答案 A,2You are a top student good at all your subjects.But you look awkward(笨拙的) at your friends birthday party.You may use one of the following sentences to describe yourself.AEvery dog has its day.BEverybody has his feet of clay.CA good fame is better than a good face.DEagles catch no f
13、lies.答案 B,3A word for _ may often be found in an English idiom.Afood BeducationCmoral Dinvention答案 A,4Which of the following may be closest in meaning to the expression “kill the fatted calf”？ATo repair the roadBTo become better in ones lifestyleCHave a large celebrationDTo improve ones way of doing
14、 things答案 C,5If you want to polish up your English，which of the following may be most advisable?ALearning enough frequently used idioms.BTranslating everything into your own language.CLooking up every new word in the dictionary.DTrying to know the story behind an idiom.答案 A,.Careful Reading 根据课文内容完成
15、下表，每空一词,答案 1.definition 2.apparent/clear 3.origins 4Bible 5.ways 6.animals 7.fatted 8.connected/linked/concerned 9.importance/functions/significance 10communication,Key Words 1A biblical idiom is often an expression that underlines the moral of a story and gives the audience a picture to help them u
16、nderstand the story better.圣经中习语常常是用来强调一个故事的寓意，给听众一个意象以帮助他们更好地理解这个故事。,归纳拓展 underline 画线于下面；加强，强调 underline a phrase 在短语下画线 underline discipline强调纪律性 the underlined sentences 下画线的句子,语境感悟 (1)Please that you think are important.请在你认为重要的单词和短语下面画线。 (2)The questions he raised at the meetingthe matters bei
17、ng discussed.他在会上提出的问题凸现了他对所讨论的问题的无知。,underline the words and expressions,underline his,ignorance of,即时跟踪 (1)翻译句子 这份报告强调了学前教育的重要性。,The report underlines the importance of preschool education.,(2)单项填空Please _ the sentences in the passage that you cant understand and then ask your teacher for help.Aun
18、dermine BunderlineCunderrate Dundermanned答案 B 句意：请在文中你不懂的句子下面画线，然后向老师求助。undermine意为“逐渐削弱”；underrate意为“低估”；undermanned意为“人手不足的”。A、C、D三项均不符合句意。,2In the dream，a stone flew at the statue and struck it on the feet.在梦里，一块石头飞向塑像，砸在了它的脚上。,归纳拓展 strike vt.击打；撞击；攻击；罢工 n罢工 sth strikes sb 某人突然想起 It strikes sb th
19、at./it strikes sb to do.某人想到 be struck by/on/with.被打动；迷恋 strike sb in/onthe身体部位，打某人某部位 be on strike在罢工,go on strike举行罢工 strike at 企图打破；袭击；打击，攻击 strike back打回来；反射过来 strike down 打倒；(病)侵入 strike for.要求而罢工 call a strike 发动罢工 call off a strike 停止罢工 strike against反对而罢工,易混辨析 strike/hit/beat (1)strike指用力“打击
20、”，“敲”，表短暂的动作，有时可与hit通用，但不强调“打中”，常用于比喻义。如： An idea suddenly struck him.他突然想起了一个主意。 (2)hit指有目标地重重一击，侧重表示“打中；击中”的瞬间动作，强调“打击”的结果。如： The boy hit me on the head.那男孩打中了我的头。 (3)beat指用手或器械等连续“打击”或“敲打”。如： Why did he beat you？他为何打你？,语境感悟 (1)A stone the head.一块石头打在那个小男孩的头上。 (2)The clock four.钟刚过四点。 (3) was the
21、great number of bicycles on the streets.给我们印象最深的是街上的自行车非常多。,struck the little boy on,has just struck,What struck us most,即时跟踪 (1)翻译句子这个讲演深深触动孩子们的心灵。谚趁热打铁。(2)选词填空(strike/hit/beat)He the man on the shoulder.The rain was the window.I can easily him at table tennis.,The lecture struck deeply into the mi
22、nds of the children.,Strike while the iron is hot.,struck/hit,beating,beat,3When you have a thorough understanding of English idioms and their origins，you can better understand and appreciate the history and cultures of Englishspeaking countries，because idioms are carriers of history and culture.通过透
23、彻了解英语习语及其起源，你可以更好地理解和欣赏英语国家的历史和文化，因为习语是历史和文化的载体。,归纳拓展 thorough adj.彻底的，完全的，细致的 thoroughly adv.彻底地，完全地 have a thorough understanding of. 完全理解 a thorough reform 彻底的改革 thorough investigation 周密的调查 be thorough in ones work 工作严谨认真 a thorough description of the event 对该事件详尽的描述,语境感悟 (1)Grace gave the room格
24、雷斯对房间进行彻底打扫。 (2)He scoundrel.他是一个彻头彻尾的恶棍。 (3)Jeremy his work.杰里米对工作一丝不苟。,a thorough cleaning.,is a thorough,is very thorough in,即时跟踪 (1)翻译句子他是个大好人。我觉得你烦透了。,He is a thoroughly nice person.,Im thoroughly fed up with you.,(2)单项填空After a hard days work，I felt _ tired.Athorough BthoroughlyCcarefully Dcom
25、plete答案 B 句意：一天的辛苦工作之后，我累坏了。carefully仔细地，不符合题意；thorough，complete是形容词，不能修饰feel。,Key Phrases 1In other words，its meaning can be very different from the apparent meaning of its components.换句话说，其含义可能与组成的单词的表面意思完全不同。归纳拓展in other words 换言之，换句话说in a(one) word简言之；一句话，总之have a word with sb 与某人谈话,have words w
26、ith sb about sth 与某人争论(争吵) beyond words 难以用语言形容 upon my word说实在话，我敢保证 weigh ones words 斟酌字句 word for word 逐字地,语境感悟 (1) theyre rather doubtful of that.换句话说，他们对那(事)很怀疑。 (2)They， are wasting their time and efforts.也就是说他们在浪费时间和精力。 (3)They asked him to leave he was fired.他们请他走人，换句话说，他被解雇了。,In other words
27、，,in other words，,in other words，,即时跟踪 (1)Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard，_，you failed.Ain the end Bafter allCin other words Din all,答案 C 句意“你的驾照考试成绩没有达到要求的标准，_，你没有通过考试。”由语境可知，“没有通过考试”是对前面的“没有达到要求的标准”的解释。表示“换句话说，就是说”的in other words符合语境，即答案为C。in the end 意为“最终，最后
28、”；after all意为“毕竟”；in all 意为“总共，合计”。,(2)Like some of my classmates，I cant live up to my teachers expectations，_，I let them down.Ain other words Bafter allCwhats more Dmore or less答案 A 题干意为“像我的一些同学一样，我不能实现我父母的预期目标，_，我让他们失望了。”由语境可知，“让他们失望”是对“没能实现目标”的解释。表示“换句话说”的in other words符合语境，即答案为A。after all意为“毕竟”；
29、whats more意为“而且”；more or less意为“差不多，几乎”或“或多或少”。,2For example，by and by now means before long，but in the Bible it was used to mean immediately例如，by and by现在的意思是不久，但在圣经中它被用来表示立刻，马上。归纳拓展by and by 不久by accident 偶然by air 通过航空途径by all means尽一切办法，务必,by chance偶然，碰巧 by hand用手 by oneself单独地，独自地 by means of用，依
30、靠 by no means决不，并没有 by mistake错误地，无意地 by the way顺便说,by way of.经由，通过方法 by prep. 被，由；凭借，通过；经由；在旁边；根据；乘，坐；在之前,易混辨析 till until/by(在之前),语境感悟 (1)Well return我们不久就会回来。 (2) the same mistake be made again.决不能再犯同样的错误。 (3)I will be here我会在这里待到中午。,by and by.,By no means can,till noon.,即时跟踪 翻译句子 (1)我通过多说来提高我的英语水平
31、。(2)你的表几点了？,I improved my English by speaking more.,What time is it by your watch?,3After spending every penny of his money and being reduced to hiring himself out to feed pigs，he realized that he had been a fool and went home.花光了所有的钱和沦落为被雇用去养猪之后，他意识到他是多么的傻，于是就回家了。,归纳拓展 hire oneself out 被雇用；受雇 hire
32、out 出租 hire v.租用，雇用 n.U租用，雇用，租金,易混辨析 hire/employ/rent/appoint,语境感悟 (1)We as babysitters.我们出去充当临时婴儿保姆。 (2)They to drive it.他们租了一辆车，还雇了个开车的。 (3)How much is这个大厅的租金是多少？,hired ourselves out,hired a car and a man,the hire of the hall?,即时跟踪 翻译句子 (1)我们雇了一个司机带我们参观这个城市。(2)我们租用一辆小汽车用三天。,We hired a driver to ta
33、ke us on a tour of the city.,We hired a car for three days.,4.few of these new idioms would ever really catch on.在这些新习语中很少会真正流行。归纳拓展catch on 受欢迎，流行be caught in陷入be caught up in热衷于；着迷于catch at试图抓住,catch ones breath 屏息 catch up with赶上 catch vt. & vi.抓住，接住；突然发现；赶上；感染；领会；击中；突然遭受n.抓；捕获物；圈套,易混辨析 catch/sei
34、ze/hold/grab/grasp/snatch,语境感悟 (1)This new fashion with young people.这种新时尚受到年轻人的欢迎。 (2)We a heavy rain on the way home.我们在回家途中遇到了大雨。 (3)Go on ahead，please，Ill soon you.请你先走，我很快就会赶上来。,has caught on,were caught in,catch up with,即时跟踪 翻译句子 (1)他的脚被树根绊了一下。(2)对不起，我没听清楚你说的话。(3)这项计划里肯定有鬼。,His foot caught on
35、a tree stub.,Sorry，I didnt catch what you said.,There must be a catch in this plan.,Key Structures 1Idioms often use a number of words to represent a single object，person or concept，among other things，and unless you recognize an idiom when it is being used，it is easy to misunderstand what you read o
36、r hear spoken.习语通常用一些词代表单一的物体、人物或概念以及其他的一些事物，除非你能识别出习语的使用，否则你很易误解所读到的或听到的内容。,归纳拓展 (1)when it is being used使用的是现在进行时的被动语态。 (2)现在进行时的被动语态的构成：主语is/am/arebeing过去分词，其用法如下：表示此刻正在进行的被动动作。My car is being repaired now.我的汽车正在修理中。,表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但此动作不一定在此时此刻发生。 Some new houses are being built near the park. 公园
37、附近在建一些新房子。 表示经常的被动行为，常和always，often，constantly等词连用表达某种感情色彩。 He is always being praised by the teacher. 老师总是表扬他。,与部分情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。 He may be being beaten by his father at the very moment.他父亲此刻可能正在揍他。,语境感悟 (1)The life of the milu at present.目前人们正在研究麋鹿的生活习惯。 (2)A teaching building now.现在正建造一座教学大
38、楼。 (3)When I got there a new road by them.我到那里时，他们正在建一条新路。,is being studied,is being built,was being built,即时跟踪 单项填空 Traditional folk arts like paper cutting _ at the culture show. Aare exhibiting Bis exhibiting Care being exhibited Dis being exhibited 答案 C 考查被动语态。句意为“像剪纸这样的民间传统艺术品正在文化展览中展出”，所以传统民间艺
39、术品“正在被展览”，故用现在进行时态的被动语态形式。,2The meaning of an analogy can sometimes be very hard to guess.类比的含义有时候会很难猜。归纳拓展(1)该句采用的是“名词(主语)be形容词不定式”结构。该结构中，不定式动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系。 此种结构中，常以不定式的主动形式表示被动意义， 而不采用“to be done”的形式。The question is hard to answer.,(2)下面几种句型中，也常采用不定式主动语态形式表被动意义。不定式作后置定语：不定式与前面被修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上是动宾关系，又
40、与句子的主语是主谓关系，不定式应采用主动形式表被动意义。I have much work to do.我有许多要做的事情。(与work是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系),“动词宾语形容词不定式”。该结构中的“形容词”通常表示难易、利弊等含义，如difficult，easy，comfortable(舒适的)，convenient(便利的，方便的)，hard，cheap，expensive等。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。,语境感悟 (1)Some books but .有些书读起来很有趣，但是学起来很厌烦。 (2)The job
41、.这工作很容易做。 (3)That makes poetry .那就使得诗很难写。,are interesting to read，,boring to learn,is very easy to do,difficult to write,即时跟踪 (1)翻译句子汤姆在找一间住的房间。.他要维持一个家庭。.,Tom is looking for a room to live in,He has a family to support,(2)单项填空This machine is very easy _.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.Aoperating Bto be operatingCoperated Dto operate答案 D 题意为“这台机器很容易操作。任何人只需花几分钟就能学会使用。”分析题干结构可知，此处句子采用的是“主语beadj.to do”结构，因此“空”处应选用不定式的主动语态形式“to operate”，即答案为D。,再见,
