1、语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 被动语态的构成是：助动词be动词过去分词。,Period Three Grammar,Speaking & Writing,一、各种时态的主、被动语态 1各种时态的主、被动语态,2注意事项(1)“be过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。Im interested i
2、n mathematics.我对数学感兴趣。He seems unsatisfied with his work.看起来他对他的工作不满意。(2)“get过去分词”也表被动He was caught in a big fire and got burnt.他遇上了大火并被烧伤了。,(3)某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义 read，write，act，iron，burn，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut，dry，eat，drink等动词，用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时，用主动形式表达被动意义，且常与no
3、t，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。 The door doesnt open easily. 门不容易打开。 Bikes of that kind sell well. 那种自行车卖得很好。,(4)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit，have，wish，cost，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to等。 This key just fits the lock. 这把
4、钥匙能开这把锁。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你的故事同听说的一样。,即时跟踪1 用所给词的正确形式填空 1I have to go to work by taxi because my car _(repair)at the garage. 2George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?No，I _(not，invite)Did they have a big wedding? 3This is one of the oldest
5、 temples in China.It _(date)back to the 9th century. 4The flowers were so lovely that they _(sell)in no time. 5My money _(run)out.I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before Ive none in hand.,is being repaired,hadnt been invited,dates,were sold,is running,动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态
6、和语态特征。当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。,二、不定式的被动形式,2用法(1)作主语Its a pity to be kept in the house in such fine weather.在这样的好天气里被关在家里真是遗憾。(2)作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。(3)作表语Her dream is to be sent to study abroad.她的梦想是被派往国外留学。,(4)作宾语补足语或主语补足语 The captain order
7、ed the work to be done at once. 船长命令立刻做这项工作。 The book is said to have been translated into French. 据说这本书已被译成了法语。 (5)作定语 There were plans to be made at once. 要立即制订计划。 He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting. 他是最后一个被邀请在会议上发言的人。 (6)作状语 His mother left the small village，never to be seen
8、again. 他母亲离开了那个小山村，再也没人见过她。,即时跟踪2 用所给动词的正确形式填空并写出其在下列句中 所作的成分 1George returned after the war，only _(tell)that his wife had left him. _ 2Weve had a good start，but next，more work needs _ _(do)to achieve the final success. _ 3Its important for the figures _(update)regularly. _ 4It took a long time for
9、the connection between body temperature and illness _(make) _ 5Are you going to attend the important meeting _(hold)next Monday？ _,to be told,作结果状语,to be,done,作宾语,to be updated,作主语,to be made,作宾语补足语,to be held,作定语,3不定式的主动形式表被动意义的用法(1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间是动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。He h
10、as a family to support.(to support与family是动宾关系，与he是主谓关系)他要维持一个家庭。注意：若句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式必须用被动式。Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted？(不定式的被动语态作定语，you不是post动作的执行者)我要去邮局，你有信要寄吗？,(2)在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficu
11、lt，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 That question is difficult to answer. 那个问题不容易回答。 (3)在there be.句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语，重点在人；用被动形式作定语，重点在物。,There is no time to lose/to be lost.(用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。) 没有时间可浪费了。 (4)某些动词的不定式与be连用时。这类动词常用的有to blame，to
12、 seek，to let等。 I felt I was to blame for this failure. 我觉得这次失败在我。,即时跟踪3 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable _(sit)on. 2She had no money _(buy)a birthday present for their children. 3The car is rather difficult _(repair) 4Who is _(blame)for it? 5I have no more
13、 letters _(type)，thank you.,to sit,to buy,to repair,to blame,to be typed,.用所给动词的正确形式填空 1The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _(reward)with success in the end. (2016北京) 2It is reported that a space station _(build)on the moon in years to come. (2015安徽) 3Despite the p
14、revious rounds of talks，no agreement _(reach)so far by the two sides. (2015天津) 4Tai Chi _(call)“shadow boxing” in English.(2014辽宁),will be rewarded,will be built,has,been reached,is called,5We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after. (2014广东) 6While waiting for
15、 the opportunity to get _(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. (2014安徽) 7A Midsummer Nights Dream _(open)at the Theatre Royal on 19th June，and then tours throughout Scotland. (2013重庆) 8The airport _ (complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2013四川) 9This machine is ver
16、y easy _(operate)Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2012辽宁),were told,promoted,opens,to be completed,to operate,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),2Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015全国，短文改错),used,drunk,used,Supposition and belief 1I wonder if the
17、re is enough time to visit all those places. 2I think with time going，robots can be used more widely. 3I dont think were going to be able to see everything. 4I wish we could do away with air pollution and dust here. 5I hope I will have time to visit the Great Wall. 6Maybe someday it will walk into o
18、rdinary peoples house. 7I guess that robots are the way of the future and. 8I suppose that there will be different uses of different robots.,9I believe everything we guess will come into reality some day. 10I am wondering what it will be like. 11It must have. 12Is it possible that.? 13Could it be th
19、at.? 14Are you sure that.? 15It is possible/impossible that. 16I am sure that. 17There is a belief that.,Husband：Rose，Christmas 1._ (come)soon.What presents shall we buy for the children? Wife：What about a bike for John？He has been asking for 2._ for a long time. Husband：But I dont think hes old eno
20、ugh 3._(ride)a bike to school.Lets buy him a football instead，all right? Wife：OK.What shall we buy for Jane?,即时跟踪 语法填空,is coming,to ride,one,Husband：Well，she likes music very much.Shall we buy her a guitar? Wife：I think an MP3 player will be 4._(good)It can help her learn Chinese. Husband：Then lets
21、buy one for her.Now，what about little Jack? Wife：Well，hes still a young baby.I think a toy car is best 5._ him. Husband：I 6._agree more.When shall we go and buy the presents?,better,for,couldnt/cant,Wife：Well，tomorrow is Sunday.Lets go shopping tomorrow afternoon 7._ we see the film. Husband：But we
22、mustnt let the children know 8._ the presents before Christmas. Wife：Im sure they wont know.Ill take them to 9._ McDonalds while you 10._(do)the shopping.,before,about,the,are doing,现代社会，科技迅猛发展，各种新事物层出不穷。我们禁不住会想象未来生活的样子。对未来生活的描述属于记叙文，以描写为主。 写好想象性作文，要做到以下几点：,【文体指导】,1观察生活，表现生活。想象不是胡编乱造，要源于生活实际。只有熟悉生活，
23、仔细地观察生活，才能有想象的原材料。,2明确中心，展开想象。动笔写想象性作文之前先要明确中心，即写作目的。在这个基础上列好提纲，写出主题句。写主题句时要注意：一个段落只能有一个主题句；尽可能选择准确、充分、档次高的关键词概括自己的观点和看法。 3语言规范、地道。选用自己熟悉的词汇和句型来组织语言进行表达，如will，probably，possibly，maybe，likely，may，might，could，would，Its possible/probable/likely that.等都是该种作文中常会用到的。,【亮点句式】 1We held a discussion about.in t
24、he future. 2With the development of science and.，our life will be surely. 3In the future more and more.will appear. 4Most people think that the life in the future will. 5Man will have to find another planet to live on，and. 6This is the life that I am looking forward to.,最近，你班举行了一个以“What Will the Fut
25、ure Be Like？”为题的讨论会，请你写一篇100词左右的短文来反映讨论结果。,【写作任务】,【审题谋篇】 第一步 明确要求 这是一篇反映讨论结果的文章，文章的最后还要表达出自己 的观点。时态以一般将来时为主。 第二步 确定段落 Para.1：写出主题句和部分人的想象 Para.2：写出另一部分人的想象 Para.3：表达个人观点,第三步 词汇热身 1就举行讨论hold a discussion on 2在将来in the future 3他们的生活水平the level of their living conditions 4自然资源natural resources 5环境污染the
26、 environmental pollution,第四步 句式升级 1最近我们班就将来的生活是什么样的进行了讨论。(一般表达)Recently our class has held a discussion.Its on what the future will be like.(句式升级)Recently our class has held a discussion on what the future will be like. 2而且，人们的寿命将大大地延长，生活条件将有很大的改善。(一般表达)And people will live much longer，and their liv
27、ing conditions will be better.(句式升级)And people will live much longer，whats more，the level of their living conditions will be better.,What Will the Future Be Like? Recently our class has held a discussion on what the future will be like.Some students think that in the future science will be more adva
28、nced，and transportation will be more convenient.And people will live much longer，whats more，the level of their living conditions will be better. However，some students think that in the future natural resources will further decrease and the environmental pollution will be more serious.There also will be less farmland and more traffic accidents. As far as Im concerned，we should try to protect natural resources and decrease environmental pollution.,【连句成篇】,
