1、Period Three Grammar & Writing,一、非谓语动词包括不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词 1不定式不定式由“to动词原形”构成，在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其他任何成分，包括主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语或状语。作主语或宾语时，常用it作形式主语或宾语。例如：,As a student，I found it an honor to be invited to make a speech.作为一个学生，被邀请作演讲，我感到很荣幸。Its good manners to help people in trouble.帮助处于困境的人们是有礼貌
2、的。He is always the first to come to the school.他总是第一个来到学校。This is the best way to help those children.这是帮助那些孩子们的最好的方法。,2现在分词现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前；分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。例如：,The simple houses being built are for the earthhit villagers in Dujiangyan ar
3、ea.正在建造中的简易房是为都江堰地区受地震灾害的人们建造的。Seeing Tom，I couldnt help thinking of his brother.看到汤姆，我就情不自禁地想起他的哥哥。Having answered the letter，she went on to read an English novel.回完信后，她接着去读英语小说。,3过去分词及物动词的过去分词既表示被动，又表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示动作的完成。过去分词可作定语、状语、宾语补足语。例如：Seen from this angle，the woman in the picture is smilin
4、g.从这个角度来看，画中的女子在微笑。,4动名词动名词具有名词的性质，可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。作定语时往往表示某种用途。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格。例如：His coming late made the teacher very angry.他的迟到使老师很生气。,即时跟踪1 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Ill have my bike_ (repair) because there is something wrong with it. 2.A terrible earthquake happened in Yaan，Sichuan
5、_ (cause) huge losses. 3.She has a strange way_ (make) her classes lively and interesting. 4.When_ (offer) help，one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.” 5.We dont allow_ (smoke) in our office. 6.I feel it necessary_ (keep) an electronic dic tionary at hand.,repaired,causing,to make,offered,
6、smoking,to keep,二、非谓语动词是高考的考查热点之一，注意以下几个方面： 1通常只接动词不定式而不接动词ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish，want，ask，agree，afford，aim，arrange，appear，promise，plan，prepare，pretend，hope，expect，refuse，decide，dare，desire，determine，offer，long，fail，manage，intend，seek，choose等。,She has arranged to see her parents next week.她已安排好下周去看望自己的父母
7、。He chose to leave the house to his brother.他决定把房子留给他弟弟。注意：动词consider，make，feel，know，regard，think，believe等后面常跟形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语不定式后置。We all think it most foolish of you to make this mistake.我们都认为你犯这样的错误太傻了。,2通常只接动词ing形式而不接动词不定式作宾语的动词及动词短语有：delay，allow，admit，appreciate，miss，mind，escape，excuse.(for)，perm
8、it，practise，suggest，spend，risk，imagine，be worth，put off，look forward to，insist on，cant help，feel like，devote.to，give up，be busy，have trouble/difficulty，be opposed to，object to.等。He gave up writing five years ago.他五年前放弃了写作。Because of the bad weather，we put off holding the sports meeting.由于恶劣的天气，我们把运动
9、会推迟了。,3作宾语补足语的非谓语动词之间的区别不定式、动词ed和动词ing形式都可用作宾语补足语。(1)过去分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都来自及物动词，说明宾语所处的状态。句子的宾语承受过去分词所表示的动作，表示被动和完成意义，而不定式往往表示宾语发出的动作，它们之间具有主动含义。We all found her greatly changed.我们都发现她变化很大。I was very glad to see her do it very well.我非常高兴地看到她把这件事做得很好。,下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语：invite，force，allow，be
10、g，cause，encourage，advise，forbid，persuade，permit，require，warn，wish等。He often encourages his students to speak more English.他经常鼓励他的学生要多说英语。在let，have，make，see，hear，watch，notice，observe，look at，listen to等之后，宾语补足语用动词原形来表示。但在改成被动语态时要加上to。He was made to stay in bed for a week by the doctor.医生要他卧床休息一周。,(2)现
11、在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别现在分词表示动作正在进行；不定式表示动作已经完成，强调动作发生的全过程。We watched her crossing the street.我们看着她走过大街。(动作正在进行)We watched her cross the street.我们看着她过了大街。(过街的过程，动作已经完成),(3)现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别现在分词表示动作正在进行，具有主动意义；过去分词则表示动作已经完成，具有被动意义。We heard her singing the song yesterday at the party.昨天在晚会上我们听见她在唱那支歌。He has
12、 never heard a word of English spoken.他从来没有听见别人讲过一句英语。,4非谓语动词作定语时的不同时间含义动词ing形式的被动式表示正在发生的被动动作；不定式的被动式表示将要发生的被动动作；动词ed形式表示已经完成的被动动作。,5非谓语动词的独立结构动词ing形式与动词ed形式作状语时其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，但有时它们可以有自己独立的主语，该主语常由名词或代词担任，放在动词ing形式或动词ed形式之前。Time permitting，we will answer your questions after the discussion.时间允许的话，讨
13、论之后我们会回答你们的问题。Enough time given，we should have done the job much better.如果给我们充足的时间，我们本来会把工作做得好得多。,即时跟踪2 句型转换 1If weather permits，well hold a meeting on the playground _，well hold a meeting on the playground 2I saw MrWang come in MrWang was seen_ 3The film is worthy to be seen The film is worth_ 4The
14、se cars require repairing These cars require_ ,Weather permitting,to come in,seeing,to be repaired,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message _ (hide) within the work. (2016江苏) 2I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do _ (work) with students. (2016浙江) 3The c
15、ooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_ (make) air conditioning unnecessary. (2016天津),hidden,working,making,4_ (make) it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand. (2016北京) 5A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 1
16、0 destinations in the world. (2015全国) 6Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (2015全国),To make,conducted,living,7When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _
17、(cool) the house during the hot day (2015全国) 8After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on _ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. (2015陕西),to cool,to thank,9When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，_
18、(wonder) whether to stay or leave. (2015湖南) 10_ (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015天津) 11Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ (take) good care of at home. (2015陕西),wondering,Having worked,taken,12_ (learn) mor
19、e about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. (2015福建) 13Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _ (perform) live is quite another. (2015浙江) 14Keep _ (hold) your position for a while. (2014辽宁),To learn,being performed,holding,单句改错(每小题仅有1处
20、错误) 1The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. (2015浙江，短文改错) 2I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. (2015浙江，短文改错) 3Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川，短文改错),feel,sitting,singing,4Its been a month since I came to this
21、 new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. (2015四川，短文改错) 5After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found that his parents were missing. (2015全国，短文改错),looking,【文体指导】 日记常用来记述自己一天生活中所发生的有意义的事情或用来抒发自己对当天某些事情的感受等。要想写好英文日记，需要注意以下几点：,1格式要正确。
22、英文日记与中文日记写法大致相同，都是在正文之前依次注明日期、星期几及当天的天气情况。 2文体要口语化。因为日记是写给自己看的，其内容多是记述自己亲身经历的事或抒发自己的感情等，所以多用第一人称写，文体也不必过于正式。 3时态多用过去时。但当表示习惯性动作、客观事实、普遍真理、名言或谚语时，可以使用一般现在时；当发表自己的感想、打算、期望或决心时，可以使用一般将来时。,【常用句式】 1Although tired，I had the most exciting day in my life.尽管很累，但是我度过了我一生中最激动人心的一天。 2We had such a good time tha
23、t we didnt realize it was very late.我们过得如此快乐，以至于我们都没有意识到时间已经很晚了。 3I hope it wont be long before we have another chance to get together.我希望不久我们将有机会再次聚会。,4We saw different kinds of crops，all of which grew well.我们看到了各种作物，这些作物都长得很好。 5Mr.Wang told us that technology played a very important part in modern
24、 agriculture.王老师告诉我们科技在现代农业中发挥了重要作用。,【写作任务】假设今天是你的同学杨帆的生日，由于他父母在广东打工，你作为班长及他的好朋友，便特意为他举办了一个生日聚会。同学们在聚会上尽情地吃蛋糕、唱歌、跳舞、讲故事，杨帆感到很开心。请你就此用英语写一篇日记。注意：1.词数100左右；2开头已给出，但不计入总词数。,【审题谋篇】第一步 明确要求 1确定体裁：本文要求写一篇英文日记，属_文； 2确定人称：本文主要人称为_； 3确定时态：本文主要时态为_。 第二步 词汇热身 1也，和，又_ 2为感到可惜_ 3为做准备_ 4宣布_,应用,第一人称,一般过去时,as well a
25、s,feel sorry for,prepare for,announce,第三步 句式升级 1由于他父母在广东打工，他感到很难过。(一般表达)Because his parents were working in Guangdong，he felt very sad.(句式升级)_，he felt very sad.(独立主格结构) 2我们坐在杨帆的周围，吃蛋糕，讲故事，唱歌，跳舞。(一般表达)We sat around Yang Fan，ate cakes，told stories，sang and danced.(句式升级)We sat around Yang Fan，_ _.(现在分词作伴随状语),His parents working in Guangdong,eating cakes，,telling stories，singing and dancing,
