1、IEEE PC37.113/D1.0, 05 2006 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. IEEE PC37.113/D1.0 1 Draft Guide for Protective Relay Applications to 2 Transmission Lines 3 Prepared by the Revision of C37.113 - Guide for Protective Relay Applicati
2、ons to Transmission Lines 4 Working Group of the 5 Power System Relaying Committee 6 Copyright 2006 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 7 Three Park Avenue 8 New York, New York 10016-5997, USA 9 All rights reserved. 10 This document is an unapproved draft of a proposed IEE
3、E Standard. As such, this document is subject to 11 change. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK! Because this is an unapproved draft, this document must not be 12 utilized for any conformance/compliance purposes. Permission is hereby granted for IEEE Standards 13 Committee participants to reproduce this document f
4、or purposes of IEEE standardization activities only. 14 Prior to submitting this document to another standards development organization for standardization 15 activities, permission must first be obtained from the Manager, Standards Licensing and Contracts, IEEE 16 Standards Activities Department. O
5、ther entities seeking permission to reproduce this document, in whole or 17 in part, must obtain permission from the Manager, Standards Licensing and Contracts, IEEE Standards 18 Activities Department. 19 IEEE Standards Activities Department 20 Standards Licensing and Contracts 21 445 Hoes Lane, P.O
6、. Box 1331 22 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA 23 24 IEEE C37.113/D1.0, 05 2006 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. ii Abstract: Information on the concepts of protection of ac transmission lines is presented in this 1 guide. Applica
7、tions of the concepts to accepted transmission line protection schemes are 2 presented as well. Many important issues, such as coordination of settings, operating times, 3 characteristics of relays, mutual coupling of lines, automatic reclosing, use of communication 4 channels, are examined. Special
8、 protection systems, protection of multi-terminal lines and single- 5 phase tripping and reclosing are also included. The impact of different electrical parameters and 6 system performance considerations on the selection of relays and protection schemes is 7 discussed as well. 8 9 The purpose of thi
9、s guide is to provide a reference for the selection of relay schemes and to 10 assist less experienced protective relaying engineers in applying protection schemes to 11 transmission lines. 12 13 Keywords: protective relaying, relay application, relaying, transmission line protection 14 IEEE C37.113
10、/D1.0, 05 2006 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. iii Introduction 1 (This introduction is not part of IEEE PC37.113/D1.0, Draft Guide for Protective Relay Applications to 2 Transmission Lines.) 3 4 5 Patents 6 Attention is called
11、 to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter 7 covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence or 8 validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for ident
12、ifying 9 patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for 10 conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention. 11 Participants 12 At the time this draft guide was completed, the Revision of
13、 C37.113 - Guide for Protective Relay 13 Applications to Transmission Lines Working Group had the following membership: 14 15 Mohindar S. Sachdev, Chair 16 Simon Chano, Vice-chair 17 18 Apostolov, Alex 19 Beresh, Bob 20 Best, Martin 21 Brahma, Sukumar 22 Brunello, Gustavo 23 Buanno, Art 24 Bui, Dac-
14、Phuoc 25 Burger, John 26 Carpenter, Mark 27 Chaudhary, Arvind 28 Cunico, Randy 29 Darlington, Al 30 Deronja, Alla 31 DoCarmo, Hyder 32 Horowitz, Stan 33 Fital, Jack 34 Gordon, William 35 Jensen, Mike 36 Johnson, Anders 37 Kasztenny, Bogdan 38 Kennedy, Bill 39 Lopez, Federico 40 Lukach, Don 41 Moroni
15、, Silvia 42 McCannon, Walter 43 McDonald, Mike 44 Mysore, Pratap 45 Nagpal, Mukesh 46 Norris, Kevin 47 OBrien, Jim 48 Ollette, Dean 49 Price, Elmo 50 Sambasivan, Sam 51 Saygin, Sinan 52 Sessler, Greg 53 Tholomier, Damien 54 Tziouvaras, Demetrios 55 Verzosa, Quintin Jr. 56 Ward, Solveig 57 Westerfeld
16、, Jurgen 58 Whittaker, Roger 59 Wiedman, Tom 60 61 The following members of the balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for 62 approval, disapproval, or abstention. 63 64 (to be supplied by IEEE) 65 66 IEEE PC37.113/D1.0, 05 2006 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. Th
17、is is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. iv CONTENTS 1 2 3 IEEE PC37.113/D1.0, 05 2006 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 1 Draft Guide for Protective Relay Applications to 1 Transmission Lines 2 1. Overview 3
18、Each electrical component has protection problems unique to itself but the concepts associated with 4 transmission line protection are fundamental to all other electrical devices and provide an excellent starting 5 point to examine and appreciate the implementation of all power system protection. Be
19、cause transmission 6 lines are links to adjacent lines and/or other equipment connected to them, study of transmission line 7 protection leads to a better appreciation of protection related issues. Electrical engineers and technologists 8 working with electric power utilities, consultants and manufa
20、cturers in general and those working in 9 designing, 10 11 All protection systems are expected to meet the requirements of IEEE Standards and/or IEC Standards. 12 General specifications of relays are given in IEEE Std 37.90. While protection of transmission lines is 13 discussed in this guide, prote
21、ction of distribution lines is addressed in IEEE Std 37.230. 14 1.1 Scope 15 Concepts of transmission line protection are discussed in this guide. Applications of these concepts to 16 various system configurations and bus arrangements are presented. Many important issues, such as 17 coordination of
22、settings, operating times, characteristics of relays, mutual coupling of lines, automatic 18 reclosing, use of communication channels, are examined. Special protection systems, multi-terminal lines 19 and single phase tripping and reclosing are also included. The impact that system parameters and sy
23、stem 20 performance have on the selection of relays and relay schemes is discussed as well 21 1.2 Purpose 22 The purpose of this project is to revise C37.113 - IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to 23 Transmission Lines. This guide was originally approved in 1999 and was reaffirmed in 2004
24、. 24 2. Normative references 25 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated 26 references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced 27 document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applie
25、s. 28 29 IEEE Std C37.2, IEEE Standard Electrical Power System Device Function Numbers and Contact 30 designations 31 IEEE PC37.113/D1.0, 05 2006 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 21 IEEE Std C37.90, IEEE Standard for Relay and R
26、elay Systems Associated with Electric Power 2 Apparatus 3 IEEE Std C37.90.1, IEEE Standard Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Tests for Protective Relays and 4 Relay Systems 5 6 IEEE Std C37.91, IEEE Guide for Protecting Power Transformers 7 8 IEEE Std C37.93, IEEE Guide for Power System Protective Re
27、lay Applications of Audio Tones over 9 Telephone Lines 10 11 IEEE Std C37.99, IEEE Guide for Protection of Shunt Capacitor Banks 12 13 IEEE Std C37.100, IEEE Standard Definitions for Power Switchgear 14 15 IEEE Std C37.104, IEEE Guide for Automatic Reclosing of Line Circuit Breakers for AC Distribut
28、ion 16 and Transmission Lines 17 18 IEEE Std C37.109, IEEE Guide for the Protection of Shunt Reactors 19 20 IEEE Std C37.110, IEEE Standard for the Application of Current Transformers Used for Protective 21 Relaying Purposes 22 23 IEEE Std C37.111, IEEE Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exch
29、ange (COMTRADE) for 24 Power Systems 25 26 IEEE Std C37.114, IEEE Guide for Determining Fault Location on AC Transmission and Distribution 27 Lines 28 29 IEEE Std C37.116, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Application to Transmission-Line Series Capacitor 30 Banks 31 32 IEEE Std C37.119, IEEE Guide fo
30、r Breaker Failure Protection of Power Circuit Breakers 33 34 IEEE Std C37.230, IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Distribution Lines 35 36 IEEE Std C37.232, IEEE Recommended Practice for Naming Time Sequence Data Files 37 38 IEEE Std C57.13.3, IEEE Guide for Grounding of Instrument Tran
31、sformer Secondary Circuits and cases 39 3. Definitions 40 For the purposes of this draft guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary 41 of IEEE Standards, Seventh Edition, should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause. IEEE Std 42 37.100 is another docu
32、ment in which any terms used by protection engineers are defined. 43 44 3.1 Adaptive relay: A relay that can change its setting and/or relaying logic upon the occurrence of an 45 external signal or event 46 3.2 Adaptive relaying: A protection philosophy that permits, and seeks to automatically make
33、adjustments 47 in various protection functions so as to make them more attuned to prevailing power conditions 48 IEEE PC37.113/D1.0, 05 2006 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 3 3.3 Apparent impedance: The impedance from a relay l
34、ocation to a fault as seen by a distance relay is 1 determined by the applied current and voltage. It may be different from the actual impedance because of 2 current infeed or current outfeed at some point between the relay and the fault (see 5.5.1 and 5.5.2). 3 3.4 Arc resistance: The impedance of
35、an arc that is resistive by nature; it is a function of the current 4 magnitude and arc length. 5 3.5 Backup zone: The backup zone of a relay is the zone that is in addition to its primary protection zone. 6 The relays for backup protection zone are usually time delayed (e.g. the overreaching portio
36、ns of zones 2 7 and 3 of a distance relay). The backup zone usually disconnects more power system elements than those 8 isolated by the operation of the relays that protect the primary zone. 9 3.6 Blocking signal: A logic signal, used in a pilot scheme, which is received from a remote terminal for 1
37、0 preventing the tripping of the local terminal by the pilot scheme 11 3.7 Breaker failure: The failure of a circuit breaker to operate or to interrupt current in the event of a fault 12 3.8 Breaker failure protection: This protection takes appropriate action to interrupt current during a fault 13 w
38、hen the breaker, which is normally expected to interrupt the fault current, fails to do so for any reason. 14 Detailed description of this protection function is given in IEEE Std C37.119. 15 3.9 Circuit switcher: A circuit switcher is a current interrupting device that has a limited interrupting 16
39、 rating compared with the interrupting rating of a circuit breaker. The operation of a circuit switcher is often 17 integrated with the operation of a disconnecting switch. The design usually precludes the integration of 18 current transformers (CTs) within the circuit switcher. 19 3.10 Coordination
40、 of protection: The process of choosing settings or time delay characteristics of 20 protective relays such that their operation occurs in a specified sequence so that interruption to customers is 21 minimized and least number of power system elements are isolated following a disturbance. 22 3.11 Cr
41、oss polarization (protective relaying): Cross polarization is the use of voltage(s) from healthy 23 (un-faulted) phase(s) for ensuring that the direction of a fault is correctly determined. One form of cross 24 polarization is quadrature polarization in which the polarizing voltage is in quadrature
42、with the voltage of 25 the faulted phase(s). The use of phase A voltage for polarizing during a short circuit between phases B and 26 C is an example of quadrature polarization. 27 3.12 Current differential relay: A relay designed to detect faults by measuring the differences between 28 the magnitud
43、e and phase angles of currents at the terminals of a transmission line. Data from the relay at 29 the remote terminal is provided to the local relay by using a communications channel between the 30 terminals. For example, one type of communication channel is the use of audio tone over telephone line
44、s 31 described in IEEE Std C37.93. This data is utilized by the local relay to develop a representation of the 32 magnitude and phase angle of the currents measured by the remote relay. This representation is then 33 compared to the magnitude and phase angle of the currents measured by the local rel
45、ay. 34 3.13 Distance relay: A protective relay in which the response to the input quantities is primarily a function 35 of the electrical circuit distance between the relay location and the point of fault 36 3.14 Dual polarization: Dual polarization consists of using both current and voltage for pol
46、arization. 37 3.15 Fault impedance: Impedance, resistive or reactive, between the phase conductors or phase conductor 38 and ground during a power system fault 39 3.16 Grounding transformer: Delta-wye or zig-zag connected transformer(s) installed to establish a 40 system ground and thus provide a so
47、urce of zero-sequence current flow that assists in detecting phase to 41 ground faults. 42 IEEE PC37.113/D1.0, 05 2006 Copyright 2006 IEEE. All rights reserved. This is an unapproved IEEE Standards Draft, subject to change. 4 3.17 Ground distance relay: A distance relay designed to detect phase-to-g
48、round faults. 1 3.18 Hybrid scheme: A relay scheme (usually a pilot scheme) that combines the logic of two or more 2 conventional schemes. 3 3.19 Impedance relay: A distance relay in which the threshold of operation depends only on the 4 magnitude of the ratio of voltage to current applied to the re
49、lay, and is substantially independent of the 5 phase angle between the applied voltage and current. 6 3.20 Infeed: A flow of fault current from a source that is physically located between a relay location and a 7 fault location. 8 3.21 Lenticular characteristic: A distance relay characteristic that has the shape of a lens on the 9 impedance (R-X) diagram. 10 3.22 Mho unit: A distance relaying unit that has a circular tripping characteristic that passes through the 11 origin on an R-X diagram 12 3.23 Multiterminal: A transmission line that has more than
