1、Sample Paper Analysis,魏凌霄 石翔宇 李后红 刘凯 杨开洪,Group 5,Citizenship education and youth participation in democracy,A . Basic introduction of the paperB . Over structure of paperC . Abstract analysis,李后红,CONTENT,Title :Citizenship education and youth participation in democracy,Author: Murray Print , from Sy
2、dney University,Journal: British journal of education study,Basic introduction,Nature: This is a very good paper use empirical and theoretical study s method (实证性和理论性研究研究方法). Because , we can find that there are theories and data, and the author draw conclusion (questions, characteristics, method) f
3、rom the report (Youth electoral study).Study field: Education& politic science (focus on the relationship between formal education and informal education and youth politic participation ).,Basic introduction,Overall structure of the paper,Structure of paper ( Six parts)(Abstract / introduction/ text
4、 /conclusion/reference),Overall structure of the paper,TEXT,PARTICIPATION IN DEMOCRACY,SCHOOLING AND EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP IN AUSTRALIA,THE DISCOVERING DEMOCRACY PROGRAMME,YOUTH ELECTORAL STUDY,YOUTH PARTICIPATION,CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS,Abstract analysis,Background“ Citizens
5、hip education in established democracies is challenged by declining youth participation in democracy. Youth disenchantment and disengagement in democracy is primarily evident in formal political behavior, especially through voting, declining membership of political.”,Abstract analysis,Topic “If citi
6、zenship education is to play a major role in addressing these concerns it will need to review the impact it is making on young people in schools.”,Abstract analysis,Special investigation(method):“This paper reviews a major national project on youth participation in democracy in Australia set in the
7、context of a national citizenship education program. The Youth Electoral Study found that citizenship education in Australian schools has at best been marginally successful and substantially more is required to raise levels of democratic engagement.”,Abstract analysis,Contribution“The paper explores
8、 many opportunities available to education systems and schools to address these issues through reconceptualising aspects of the formal and the informal curriculum.”,Introduction,魏凌霄,Introduction,1.Established democracies face a conundrum that challenges their very legitimacy.文章开篇提出民主制面临的问题，并且说明文化的丰富
9、需要民主，政府也希望民众能更广泛的参与民主。,Introduction,2.Yet these same democracies are now characterised by declining citizen participation of many forms.但是民众的民主参与却在下降。,Introduction,3. The family does not, or cannot, provide this educative experience, even though research indicates that parents and television are inf
10、luential sources of political information for young people.That leaves the school as the most logical source for conducting citizenship education. Over the past two decades citizenship education has been introduced, reviewed or consolidated. 家庭和媒体引导不行，所以学校教育成为重要载体。在过去的20年里，学校在公民教育上已经做出了努力。,Introduct
11、ion,4. Yet, paradoxically, as demand for education for democratic citizenship grows, youth participation in formal democracy is declining, a decline which is particularly evident in the established democracies. 但是，青年人的民主政治参率与仍在下降。但是也并不是青年不愿意参与，他们有政治热情，但是因为各种原因使得他们没有参与。为什么呢？,Introduction,Is there a s
12、olution to this conundrum and to the challenge of declining participation in democracy by young people? What influences youth civic engagement and encourages them to participate in democracy and political life morespecifically?本文在这个基础上，提出问题，有没有解决方法？是什么影响青年人的民主参与，以及怎么样让他们参与民主政治？,Introduction,本文的引言主要是
13、作者的思考过程，即如何一步一步提出问题，分析问题，解决问题，对他所要研究的问题做了现象学的分析。,Introduction,1.Established democracies face a conundrum that challenges their very legitimacy.文章开篇提出民主制面临的问题，并且说明文化的丰富需要民主，政府也希望民众能更广泛的参与民主。,Introduction,2.Yet these same democracies are now characterised by declining citizen participation of many for
14、ms.但是民众的民主参与却在下降。,Introduction,3. The family does not, or cannot, provide this educative experience, even though research indicates that parents and television are influential sources of political information for young people.That leaves the school as the most logical source for conducting citizensh
15、ip education. Over the past two decades citizenship education has been introduced, reviewed or consolidated. 家庭和媒体引导不行，所以学校教育成为重要载体。在过去的20年里，学校在公民教育上已经做出了努力。,Introduction,4. Yet, paradoxically, as demand for education for democratic citizenship grows, youth participation in formal democracy is decli
16、ning, a decline which is particularly evident in the established democracies. 但是，青年人的民主政治参率与仍在下降。但是也并不是青年不愿意参与，他们有政治热情，但是因为各种原因使得他们没有参与。为什么呢？,Introduction,Is there a solution to this conundrum and to the challenge of declining participation in democracy by young people? What influences youth civic e
17、ngagement and encourages them to participate in democracy and political life morespecifically?本文在这个基础上，提出问题，有没有解决方法？是什么影响青年人的民主参与，以及怎么样让他们参与民主政治？,Participation in democracy,1,杨开洪,1， Civic indicators - active membership of groups/associations; volunteering; fundraising for charities, community partic
18、ipation/ problem solving. 2，Electoral indicators - regular voting; persuading others; contributions to political parties; assisting candidates with campaigns. 3，Political engagement indicators - contacting officials; contacting print and broadcast media; protest; written petitions; boycotting and bo
19、ycotting activists, email petitions and internet engagement. (CIRCLE, 2002),Voting in Democracies,2,Yet there is persuasive evidence that young people aged 18 to 25 years of age are increasingly disengaging from their electoral responsibilities by avoiding enrolment and not voting in elections,Schoo
20、ling and Education for Democratic Citizenship in Australia,3,In modern democracies citizenship education may be translated as meaning programs in education for democratic citizenship, that is, learning about being a citizen in a democracy through educational programs in schools.,THE DISCOVERING DEMO
21、CRACY PROGRAMME,4,1，YOUTH ELECTORAL STUDY 2，YOUTH PARTICIPATION 3， ENGAGEMENT 4，TRUST IN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICIANS 5，CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS 6，FORMAL CURRICULUM 7，INFORMAL CURRICULUM,Conclusion,Therefore, greater encouragement of these elements of the informal curriculum is needed to offer
22、 students, schools and education systems an enhanced opportunity for democratic participation by young people.,CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION AND YOUTHPARTICIPATION IN DEMOCRACY (公民教育和青年人的民主参与),刘凯,INTRODUCTION 引言 PARTICIPATION IN DEMOCRACY 民主参与 Voting in Democracies民主投票 SCHOOLING AND EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRATIC
23、 CITIZENSHIP IN AUSTRALIA澳大利亚的学校教育和公民民主教育 THE DISCOVERING DEMOCRACY PROGRAMME民主方案的探索 Outcomes of Discovering Democracy 成果 YOUTH ELECTORIAl STUDY 青年选举研究 YOUTH PARTICIPATION青年参与,ENGAGEMENT 契约 TRUST IN GOVERNMENT AND POLITICIANS政府和政治家的信任 CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS学校中的公民教育FORMAL CURRICULUM 正规课程 IN
24、FORMAL CURRICULUM 非正规课程 CONCLUSIONS 结论 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 致谢 NOTE 注意 REFERENCES 参考资料,Diction Sentence Sonciseness,石翔宇,ppl. 分词,Competing forces impacting on the school curriculum have been more successful in gaining resources and curriculum time. Combining evidence from the 2001 Australian Census, CIRCL
25、E, the Electoral Commission and YES, these young people appear to constitute a distinct generation. Declining democratic participation is more widespread than voting in elections. Given the schools role in duty of care the application of democratic participation is clearly restrained, yet compromise
26、s can be found.,complex sentence,While disenchantment and disengagement of youth in democracy is primarily evident in formal political behaviour and indicators such as joining political parties, substantial evidence exists that young people do have political views and participate in alternative poli
27、tical behaviour. 年轻人对民主已经不抱幻想并且脱离之，当这点在正规的政治活动以及诸如参与政党这类指标中明显体现时，大量的证据却表明年轻人确实有政治观点并且也参与了非正规的政治活动。,other forms,As a country with both compulsory voting and a high level of applied sanctions to enhance compliance on non-voters, Australia would be expected to demonstrate exceptionally high levels of y
28、outh voting. Females were more likely to enrol and more likely to vote than males and more females would vote than males if it was not compulsory.,conciseness,Within the formal curriculum, citizenship education may be conceptualised as specific school subjects such as citizenship, civics, government or history. Yet, paradoxically, as demand for education for democratic citizenship grows, youth participation in formal democracy is declining.,
