1、2019/1/30,1,Unit 1 Guide for Writing Research Reports,2019/1/30,2,Outline of the course,How to enlarge your vocabulary How to write research papers How to make your paper published,2019/1/30,3,写作最能使人感到英语学习上的不足，最能提高对语言的敏感性和吸收能力。好的作文是(学生)写出来的，不是(老师)改出来的，多写才能出文章。写作在开始时往往是苦事，一不坚持就会放弃，因而需要毅力。写作应辅以大量阅读，写作
2、中出现的错误能通过阅读自我纠正。,2019/1/30,4,Learning beliefs in the informative society,Learning is enjoyable. Extensive reading becomes important. Learning may be both progressive and leaping and advanced. Learn how to subtract something out-of-date. Learn how to get information via Internet. Advocate autonomous
3、learning.,2019/1/30,5,How to enlarge your vocabulary,My very excellent mother just serves us nine pizzas. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto,2019/1/30,6,2019/1/30,7,Memory Strategies,Creating mental linkages1. grouping 2. associating/elaborating 3. placing new words into a
4、context B. Applying images and sounds 1. using imagery 2. semantic mapping 3. using keywords 4. representing sounds in memory,2019/1/30,8,C. Reviewing well 1. structured reviewing D. Employing action 1. using physical response or sensation 2. using mechanical techniques,2019/1/30,9,Grouping (1),rob
5、sb. of sth.deprive sb. of sth.cure sb. of sth.relieve sb. of sth.cleanse sb. of sth. divest sb. of sth. free of rid of strip of ,2019/1/30,10,Grouping (2),inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 notify of 告诫某人某事 suspect of 怀疑某人某事 warn of 警告某人某事 accuse of 指责某人某事 admonish sb. of sth. 告诫某人某事 advise sb. of sth. 告诫某人某
6、事 cheat sb. of sth.,2019/1/30,11,Grouping (3),1. be addicted to 醉心于，使上瘾 2. be keen on 醉心于，使上瘾 3. be hooked on 醉心于，使上瘾 4. be really into 醉心于，使上瘾 5. be on the stuff 醉心于，吸毒上瘾 6. be smitten with 使着迷 （be smitten with disease 病魔缠身） 7. be obsessed with 使着迷,2019/1/30,12,Grouping (4),1. go mad 发疯 2. go crazy
7、 发疯 3. go angry 发怒 4. go nuts发怒 5. go bananas 发怒 6. go wrong 搞错 7. go right 正确 8. go public 公开化,9.go native 入乡随俗 10. go digital数字化 11. go chicken 胆怯 12. go steady 恋爱 13. go bust 破产 14. go bankrupt 破产 15. go ape 如痴如狂 16. go online 上网,2019/1/30,13,Grouping (5),1. make it 成功 2. kick it 戒烟 3. get it 理解、
8、知道 4. strike it rich 一夜暴富 5. tough it out 坚持到底 6. think of it 简直想不到 7. catch it 受罚、受责 8. beat it 滚蛋 9. have it 坚持说 10. name it 说起,2019/1/30,14,Grouping (6),1. with it 还有；知内情的 2. for it 自讨苦吃 3. at it 忙个不停 4. of it 表示强调（时间、生活） a hard life of it 十分艰难的生活 5. out of it 局外的；淘汰的,2019/1/30,15,Grouping (7),1.
9、 as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 2. as brave as a lion 像狮子一样勇敢 3. as happy as a clam 相当满足 4. as scared as a rabbit 吓得要命 5. as sly as a fox 像狐狸一样狡猾 6. as mute as a fish 默不作声 7. as poor as a church mouse一贫如洗 8. as naughty as a monkey 像猴子一样调皮 9. as meek as a lamb 像羊羔一样温驯,2019/1/30,16,Grouping (8),On the go on
10、 the move on the fly On the make On the run,On the ball On the house On the ropes On the stuff On the quiet On the crook 不正当地On the air,2019/1/30,17,Grouping (9),On the slide每况愈下 On the wagon On the spot On the sly On the wing在飞行中 On the pavement 流落街头,On the horizon,2019/1/30,18,Grouping (10),friend
11、ly / lovely / lively / worldly / motherly / costly / deadly / scholarly / courtly 显贵的/masterly /goodly 质量好的/ cousinly 堂兄妹般的/sisterly 姐妹般的 at the strategy stage / on the horizon / in full swing expend / expand ; message / massage ; effect / affect ; effluent / affluent; gold / gild tip / pit ; live /
12、 evil ; reward /drawer,2019/1/30,19,Grouping (11),a key to the problem a solution to the problem a new comer to the club a deputy to the committee a conformation to the customs a compensation to sb. an eyewitness to the crime an approach to the minimization of the danger,2019/1/30,20,Grouping (12),c
13、ustoms office 海关 sports car 运动跑车 commodities fair 商品交易会 overseas Chinese 华侨 public relations consultants 公关顾问公司 telecommunications convention 通信法,2019/1/30,21,Grouping (13),pine apple 菠萝 love apple 西红柿 thorn apple 山楂 horse apple 马粪,2019/1/30,22,Grouping (14),art-of-the-state 新款式的 pay-as-you-go 付费的 j
14、ack-of-all-trades 多面手 run-of-the-mill 一般性的、普通的 happy-go-lucky 无忧无虑的,2019/1/30,23,Grouping (15),birds eye / fish eye / worms eye / cats eye black market / grey market / grey income blackout / brownout blue collar / white collar / pink collar /grey collar / open collar / golden collar / steel collar,2
15、019/1/30,24,Associating,carnation car+nation euthanasia eu+than+asia flounder founder abalone ab+alone coroner cor+o+ner hippocampus hippo+campus Chrysanthemum Christmas/ mum / an / the,2019/1/30,25,Semantic mapping,flower Rose, lily, iris, daisy, peony, pansy, violet, azalea, camellia, carnation, d
16、affodil, narcissus, jasmine, poinsettia, chrysanthemum 玫瑰，百合花，蝴蝶花，雏菊，牡丹，三色紫罗兰，紫罗兰，杜鹃花，山茶花，康乃馨，水仙花，水仙花，茉莉花，一品红，菊花。,2019/1/30,26,Word formation,cyber-cyber-surfer / cyberspace / cybernaut / cyber-technology / cybercash / cyber-shopping / cyber-culture /cyberhacker-gateWatergate / Irangate / Camillagat
17、e / ladygate,2019/1/30,27,super-superpower / supermarket / supermodel / supercomputer / superrich / superstar bulldozer -calfdozer-caterpillar tractor,2019/1/30,28,Learning from the current affairs (1),Build a well-off society in an all-round way. SARS- severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-smile,
18、and retain smile SARS-sacrifice, appreciation, reflection, support SARS-scholar, affection, reasonable, support SARSsafe, and reliable society SARS-struggle against ruthless SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome,2019/1/30,29,Learning from the current affairs (2),ground zero / anthrax / Operation An
19、acorda cult cool / cute,2019/1/30,30,Learning from proverbs (1),Give a man a fish and he eats for a day. Teach him how to fish and he eats for a lifetime. 给人以鱼，一日食鱼 授人予渔，终身得鱼,2019/1/30,31,Learning from proverbs (2),Live and let live 相互关爱，共享生命 A stern teacher fosters able students. Different strokes
20、for different folks. The early bird catches the worm.,2019/1/30,32,How to write research papers,(1) Types of research reports: journal article, thesis，dissertationexperimental report， treatise/monograph，patent documents, operating manual，product operating instructions，technical contract,2019/1/30,33
21、,(2) Writing research papers,Steps in preparing a research paper: 1. Choosing a topic; 2. Preparing a working bibliography; 3. Collecting information;4. Outlining the paper; 5. Drafting the paper; 6. Preparing the final copy.,2019/1/30,34,2.1 Choosing a topic,The choice of a topic: identifying a gen
22、eral subject area; defining the topic and narrowing it; starting the topic as a question or hypothesis,2019/1/30,35,How to move from subject to topic to thesis,The subject is the general area of a knowledge which you expect to write about.Language Learning strategies - a general subject area,2019/1/
23、30,36,The topic is a narrower, more specific area of knowledge suitable for paper of the right length.Listening strategies The thesis is what you want to say about the topic.Effects of Topic Familiarity on Non-English Majors Use of Listening Strategies,2019/1/30,37,The first step of choosing a topic
24、,Engage in some background reading. The background reading should involve several types of reading: using the textbooks, looking up good encyclopedia articles or articles about your subject, compiling a list of possible thesis or dissertation topics.,2019/1/30,38,The second step,Consider such factor
25、s as your interest in the subject, your ability to be objective (especially if the topic is controversial), and the time available for completing the assignment.,2019/1/30,39,The third step,formulating your topic as a question or a hypothesis,2019/1/30,40,Topics stated as questions:,What are the psy
26、chological effects of computer-assisted instruction? How has E.D. Hirschs concept of “cultural literacy” affected educational goals? Has the end of the cold war affected Americans expressions of patriotism?,2019/1/30,41,Topics stated as hypotheses,Students composing on computers write differently th
27、an they do when composing by hand or on the typewriter The fall of the dollar against major foreign currencies does not (does) affect the U.S. economy. Most scientists believe that the earth is experiencing the phenomenon known as global warming Television programs aired in prime time should (should
28、 not) be censored for sex and violence back,2019/1/30,42,2.2 Preparing a working bibliography,1. How to make use of library resources, both print and electronic ones. 2. How to record information about every source you encounter that might be relevant to your study, even if you are not certain you w
29、ill be able to use. 3. How to use Internet to query databases from an increasingly extended range of sources Back,2019/1/30,43,2.3 Collecting information,There are three steps to follow: developing the working bibliography; evaluating sources for their validity and accuracy; taking accurate notes.,2
30、019/1/30,44,1. Developing the working bibliography, Take down as much information as you can find: For a book: the full name of the author; the title and any subtitle; the editor or translator, if any; the edition, if it is other than the first; the volume number if it is part of a multivolume work;
31、 the series name, if any; the city and state of publication; the publisher; the year of publication. For an article: the name of the journal, the volume, the date of publication, and inclusive page numbers.,2019/1/30,45,(2) Rearrange, alphabetize, and delete entries. Books and articles you collected
32、 should be systematically listed, one to a card and with all necessary bibliographic information in the form you will follow in the final draft,2019/1/30,46,2. Evaluating sources for their validity and accuracy,You will evaluate the materials with regard to the objectivity of the source, the qualifi
33、cations of the author, the date and form of publication, the level of the source, and the primary or secondary nature for your purpose,2019/1/30,47,3. Taking accurate notes, Put down the authors name and the title in order to look it up later. Note that the material is relevant to the section of you
34、r outline. Record information in direct quotation. Record information in summary or paraphrase.,2019/1/30,48,Musical Setting- Novels III. A. Smith, Grove, ed. P.821Aldous Huxley to Leonard Bernstein, 4 Apr. 1957 “I am writing to ask if you would be at all interested in reading a dramatic version of
35、my novel Brave New World, which I have recently made, with a view to a musical setting.”,2019/1/30,49,Musical Setting- Novels III. A. Smith, Grove, ed.P.821 Aldous Huxley wrote to Leonard Bernstein on Apr. 4, 1957, to ask him to consider setting a “dramatic version” of Brave New World to music.,2019
36、/1/30,50,Smith, Grove, ed. Aldous Huxleys letters on liberty Threats to liberty 1. Applied psychology (P.539) letter of 18 March 1946 to Julian Huxley2. Bureaucracy (P.451) letter of 19 March 1940 to E.S.P. Haynes 3. Conditioning and mind control (P. 837) letter of 12 December 1957 to Julian fluxley
37、4. “urge for tidiness” (P. 847) letter of 16 February 1958 to Humphrey Osmond Back,2019/1/30,51,2.4 Outlining the paper,Creating a final outline involves making decisions about the thesis statement, the principle of organization, the type of outline, and the format of the outline.,2019/1/30,52,Types
38、 of outline,Topic outline: the entries in a topic outline are words, phrases, or clauses. Sentence Outline: The entries in a sentence outline are complete sentences.,2019/1/30,53,Topic Outline,I. Dangers of Nuclear Power Plants A. Leakage of radiation B. Disposal of nuclear waste C. Sabotage by terr
39、orist groups II. Safety Features of Nuclear Power Plants A. Sound design and construction B. Monitoring systemsC. Automatic correction devices,2019/1/30,54,Sentence Outline,I. Genetic engineering is a new biotechnology. A. Scientists can manipulate genes. B. Genes can be copied and moved to cells in
40、 other species. C. Scientists can recombine genes and plant breeding. II. Genetic engineering affects animal and plant breeding. A. Past species improvement efforts took decades and proved unpredictable. B. Now development time is cut dramatically with better results. C. Animals are potential chemic
41、al factories,and new animals can be created and patented.,2019/1/30,55,Outline formats,The number-letter sequence A.1.(1)B.2.(1)Back,2019/1/30,56,The decimal pattern 1.1.11.1.1 2.2.12.1.1 BACK,2019/1/30,57,2.5 Drafting the paper,Drafting the paper involves: preparing a first draft; revising the draf
42、t as often as necessary; editing the draft; preparing the documentation and attending to other elements of the format; proofreading.,2019/1/30,58,The first draft,When you do research, you may write brief pieces to record or to develop your thinking. Dont worry about the organization, style, or even
43、the meaning; just get something down. This technique for getting started is called focused free writing. (focused because your writing is focused on a particular topic, and free because you are free from all the normal constraints of organization, style, grammar, spelling, audience, etc. Writing dur
44、ing all stages of research will help you refine your thesis statement and outline.,2019/1/30,59,Revision,Writing is a craft; and writers, like other craftspeople, should be prepared to cut, discard, and reshape their materials. 1. Does the thesis statement govern everything in the paper? 2. Does the
45、 introduction prepare the reader for the paper? 3. Are the paragraphs developed logically and arranged in a coherent sequence? 4. Do any sections repeat or contradict other sections? 5. Does the entire paper read smoothly, with transitions that carry the reader from one idea to the next? 6. Does the
46、 paper address the appropriate audience?,2019/1/30,60,Editing,Evaluate every sentence once again for clarity Check every paragraph for coherence Think about every choice of diction and sentence structure Look for mechanical errors in spelling and punctuation as well as for typographical errors.,2019/1/30,61,Proofreading,Speed-reading techniques are not appropriate in proofreading; you need to read almost letter for letter. Back,2019/1/30,62,2.6 Preparing the final copyRead your paper just one more time to ensure an excellent paper to be submitted.,
