1、1,Reading for Gist (Main Idea)2010.4,2,中考对阅读理解的考查：,1. 事实判断,3.判断推理题,4. 主旨大意题,2.词义推断题,3,各类文章的主题通常只有一个。中心思想是作者试图表达的最重要的观点。其它所有句子都是细节。所有细节构成并支持文章的中心思想。,主旨大意题,4,主旨大意题,其主要提问方式是有： 1) Which is the best title of the passage? 2) Which of the following is this passage about? 3) In this passage the writer tries
2、 to tell us that_. 4) The passage tells us that_. 5) This passage mainly talks about_.,5,在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题的位置情况有四种： 1、主题句在段首或篇首 2、主题句在段末或篇末 3、除了抓住文章的开头和结尾之外，还要抓住每段的主题句，对抓住文章的中心很有帮助。 4、无主题句,解题思路关键在于抓主题句,6,例题分析1Dogs come in all sizes. Great Danes are very big. Irish setters are medium size. Pekineses
3、are very small.,1.主题句在段首或篇首,7,例题分析2：（05阅读篇）,These strategies(策略)will help you learn how to take tests and show what you know.(文章首句)1. Read Test Directions (说明) Carefully 2. Plan Your Time 3. Read Items (题干) Again,1.主题句在段首或篇首,strategies,8,57. In the passage, the writer mainly wants_. A. to show us th
4、e differences between the tests B. to help us to learn how to do well in tests C. to teach us how to find the key words in the items D. to introduce the ways to choose the best answers,9,Insects come in many sizes. Some are big andsome are small. The smallest ones are so small thatit takes one hundr
5、ed of them to form one inch. Thebiggest insects are not big, but they are one thousandtimes as big as the smallest. They are about ten inchesin length!1、The paragraph is mainly about _.A. the smallest insects B. the biggest insectsC. the size of insects D. the length of insects,Exercise1,Insects com
6、e in many sizes,10,Fireworks safety starts before a firework is even sold. It begins with the producers, who need to follow strict rules in making their fireworks. That doesnt mean every firework is safe enough, though. 53. Whats the article mainly about? A. Danger of fireworks B. Trouble from firew
7、orks C. Fireworks safety D. Fireworks protection,Exercise2,11,例题分析1If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better
8、made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.本段前面列举了两件事实.最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。,2.主题句在段末或篇末,12,例题分析2 At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got new ho
9、pe and confidence. I found myself standing at the top of the mountain. And there, I hope see the whole of the sky, which was as clear as crystal(水晶）。 (The last paragraph)54. The best title for the passage is_. A. Reaching the Top of the Mountain B. Standing at the Top of the Mountain C. Conversation
10、 Between Father and Son D. How to Get to the Top of the Mountain,2.主题句在段末或篇末,I foundmyself standing at the top of the mountain,13,Without the police，our streets would not be safe. Cars might go too fast and hurt people. Lost people might never be found. The police do a good job. We need them. And we
11、 should thank them for a job well done. (The last paragraph) 4. The text is mainly talking about the _ of the police. A. life B. road C. job D. day,Exercise1,The police do a good job. We need them. And we should thank them for a job well done.,14,Later someone asked Jay, “ Why didnt you take the lot
12、tery ticket for yourself?” He said, “Although I dont have much money, I live happily; but if I lose honesty, I wont be happy forever.” (The last paragraph)The best title of the text could be “ _”A. A Poor Young MusicianB. The Price of Love and HonestyC. A story of the Subway StationD. The Importance
13、 of Being Honest,Exercise2,“Although I dont have much money, I live happily; but if I lose honesty, I wont be happy forever.”,15,09中考C篇：例题分析 58. What is probably the best title for this passage?A. The Body-Brain Link B. The Causes of StressC. The Advice on Health D. The Nervous System,3.除了抓住文章的开头和结尾
14、之外，还要抓住每段的主题句，对抓住文章的中心很有帮助。,16,The first paragraph:Its 2009. You feel sick, so you go to the doctor. She checks your fever, looks at your throat, and asks what youve been thinking about lately. When you leave, she gives you some medicine, but also a list of thinking skills that you are supposed to p
15、ractice daily. She says that the way you think is causing some of your illness. 首段的首句或最后一句是关键。,17,The last paragraph:The link (关联) between your body and brain works in two ways. Your body can help your mind deal with stress. If you are under stress, you need to take especially good care of your body
16、. ,18,4、无主题句，需要归纳、概括,有时候文章中没有中心句。这时的中心思想是由每句话而支撑的。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。例题分析1Ella reads every day. She reads at breakfast. She reads in school. She would rather read than play!,(Ella likes to read.),19,例题分析2 Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A
17、scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey（蜂蜜). So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖) and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnt want to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees
18、escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside. Scientists could not control（控制) the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a yea
19、r. This means one million new groups every five years.,20,Why are people afraid of killer bees? People are afraid for two reasons. First, the bees sting（叮) many more times than usual bees. Killer bees can sting sixty times a minute nonstop for two hours. Second, killer bees attack in groups. Four hu
20、ndred bee stings can kill a person. Already several hundred people are dead. Now killer bees are in Texas. In a few years they will reach all over the United States. People can do nothing but wait.,21,The best title of the passage is _. A. How to make more honey B. Killer bees C. A foolish scientist
21、 D. How to feed killer bees,这篇短文表面看起来没有主题句，那末怎样来确定它的中心意思呢？我们先找出每一段的大意：第一段讲的是“killer bees”的产生。 第二段讲的是“killer bees” 的急剧增加。 第三段讲的是人们害怕“killer bees”的原因。 第四段讲的是“killer bees”已经杀死的人数和将来的状况。 从这几段的大意可以看出这篇文章自始至终都是围绕“killer bees”这一中心展开的。换句话说，“killer bees”就是这篇文章的主题。,22,When you cough or sneeze, youd better tur
22、n your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me”. If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first
23、, then you can walk through. If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through. When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left hand side of the moving stairs. When we are going to enter a lift
24、, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter.,Exercise1 (09 中考B篇),23,1.When you cough or sneeze,-turn your head away and cover your mouth 2.If you come to a door- hold the door 3.When we have to go up moving stairs- stand to the right 4.When we are going to enter
25、a lift, the underground, or a doorway-wait for others to exit,24,54. The passage is mainly about_. A. the rules of behaviour in public B. the ways of communication C. the acts of kindness among people D. the knowledge of social life,25,Lets have a competition.,26,Nothing lives alone. Most animals mu
26、st live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链)。Some food chains become broken up
27、if one of the links disappears. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things,passage1,All living things on the earth need other living things to live.,All living things on the earth need other living things to live.,27,Ma
28、ny children who dont like to ask their own teachers for extra help can contact a special Web site. A student will often understand the work better and say, “Oh, thats what my teacher meant.” Q: The story tells mainly _. A. which cities have special Web sitesB. how students can get homework helpC. wh
29、y students dont ask parents for help,passage2,In some cities students can use their home computers to ask a teacher for homework help.,In some cities students can use their home computers to ask a teacher for homework help.,28,Mushrooms dont grow on trees. If you see mushrooms stuck between the bran
30、ches, you know they were put there. Most likely it was the work of a red squirrel. Red squirrels like mushrooms. They like to put them in trees. Then they have food to eat in the winter. Q: The story tells mainly A. why there are mushrooms in trees. B. why squirrels like mushrooms. C. where to grow
31、mushrooms.,passage3,29,Did you know that just a small part of all the salt in the world is put into food to make the food taste better? There are hundreds of other uses for salt though. In the United States more salt is used for melting snow and ice on Roads than for any other purpose. Q: The story
32、tells mainly _. A. about two uses of salt B. how to melt snow C. how to chop ice,passage4,30,Is web design all about computer programming? No, its about making something new. It must look good and be fun to use .A big part of web design is art .They choose the best pictures and colors to make the we
33、bsite look good. They also write the things that you see on the website. This passage is mainly about _. A .computer programming language B. the web designers work C. the web managers work D. the way to get onto the Internet,passage4,An important part of their job is to share(分享)ideas with the websi
34、te manager about how to design the website well.,An important part of their job is to share(分享)ideas with the website manager about how to design the website well.,Web designers must imaging a lot when they are making a website .,31,Many librarians hold an “Amnesty Week” from time to time so that bo
35、ok borrowers who have not returned books on time may have a chance to return them. If borrowers return books during “Amnesty Week,” they dont have to pay the fines. When one group of libraries held such a week, 528 books were returned in one day. One of these had been borrowed in 1927, another in 19
36、18.,32,The paragraph tells mainly _. How well “Amnesty Week” works for libraries B. Why 528 books were returned to libraries in on county C. How the library got back an old book D. How long book borrowers keep the books they borrow,33,2005, Beijing (C)Sometimes, people are not clear about what kind
37、of food is healthy, and what kind of food may do harm to our health. The USDA has prepared a food guide to help people learn about which kind of food is the healthiest to eat. The food guide describes six main food groups: meat(like fish and chicken), diary(like milk and cheese) , grains(like bread
38、and rice), fruit, and vegetables.The last group is fats and sweets. The USDA also suggests(建议) how much of each food group is healthy to eat daily. Though this guide was prepared by the US government, it is very useful for people all over the world.,34,2004, Beijing ( 阅读与表达）Reading for pleasure is t
39、he easiest way to become a better reader in English. It is also the most important way. A mobile phone is in fact a small radio. A radio sends a persons voice over a long way to another radio. A voice that is sent by radio is called a signal(信号). A radio signal travels very quickly.,35,技巧：选空不选实、选粗不选
40、细。,36,2008，北京 C What is the small-world theory mainly about? A.How far Ben is away from Dr. King. B. How many people one can get to know. C. How people are connected in the world. D. How the degrees of sepatation are set up,37,What is the purpose of the article? (07,课标） To show that peanuts belong t
41、o the pea family. B. To advise us to use more peanut products. C. To tell us some new uses of peanuts. D. To let us know more about peanuts.,38,Early RisingEarly rising is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us fit. We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the m
42、orning. Besides, we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise. Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning, and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.,39,Thirdly, early rising enable us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work
43、 well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring, so the plan for the day should be made in the morning Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly. Late risers may find
44、 it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says, “Early to bed and early to rise , makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”,40,The more books you read, the more your mind will open up. Also this improves your speech skills a lot and makes a big contribution（贡献） to your vocabulary. So, give food to your thoughts by reading, reading and more reading.,41,Thank you for listening!,
