1、1,名词,2,1. (2013湖北高考)Poetry written from the of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack of sense of belonging. A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 从城市青年的角度写的诗歌往往揭示他们缺乏归属感的焦虑。A项“角度”; B项“优先考虑的事”; C项“参加”; D项“特权”。根据句意可知选A项。,3,2. (2013湖北高考)Carbon
2、dioxide, which makes a_ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer. A. difference B. comparison C. connection D. barrier 【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 二氧化碳在我们和太阳之间形成了一道屏障, 它可以防止热量轻易逃离大气层, 结果地球变得更暖和了。A项“不同, 差别”; B项“比较”; C项“联系”; D项“障碍”。根据句意可知
3、选D项。,4,3. (2013江西高考)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with . A. curiosity B. satisfaction C. envy D. patience 【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 无论我什么时候犯错误, 老师都耐心地把它们指出来。curiosity好奇; satisfaction满意; envy羡慕, 嫉妒; patience耐心。根据句意, 选D。,5,4. (2013辽宁高考)The accident caused some to my car, but its nothi
4、ng serious. A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage 【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。句意: 这起事故对我的车造成了一些损伤, 但是并不严重。A项指各种伤害、危害。常构成do harm to结构; B项指伤口, 多指人体上的伤害; C项表示毁灭; D项多用于物品的损坏, 是可以修复的。故选D。,6,5. (2013天津高考)While she was in Paris, she developed afor fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit 【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意: 在巴黎时, 她对美术
5、产生了兴趣。way方法, 道路; relation关系, 亲戚; taste味道, 品味, 爱好, 兴趣; habit习惯。根据句意选C。,7,6. (2013浙江高考)As the worlds population continues to grow, the of food becomes more and more of a concern. A. worth B. supply C. package D. list 【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 随着世界人口的持续增加, 食物供应越来越受到人们的关注。worth价值, 用途; supply供应; package包裹; lis
6、t名单, 清单。故选B。,8,7. (2013江苏高考)With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better. A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead 【解析】选C。考查名词的固定搭配。句意: 有了源于其他饮食文化的灵感, 美国饮食文化有望变得更好。take a turn for the better为固定短语, 意为“好转”。,9,1. Tom is a worker. (主语) (表语)2. The Childrens Palace
7、is near Janes home. ( )3. She gave me some good advice. ( ),主语,介词宾语,动词宾语,10,4. He didnt go there because of his illness.( )5. We made Tom our monitor. ( )6. We students should study hard. ( ),介词宾语,宾语补足语,同位语,11,7. The authors name is on the cover of the book. ( )8. This book is of great use (=This bo
8、ok is very useful). ( ),主语,介词宾语,主语,介词宾语,12,1. 用法:名词或名词短语在句中可以做主语、_、动词的_、介词的宾语、_、_等。在做语法填空题时,我们可以根据名词在句中的作用判断出所填空格是否该填名词。,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,同位语,13,2. 语境:名词通常在冠词(如a worker)、 _ (如his illness)、_ (如This book)、名词所有格(The authors name),及some, any, many, a lot of等限定语后。在做语法填空题时,我们可以据此判断出所填空格是否该填名词。,物主代词,指示代词,14,3.
9、分类:worker, student等叫 _ 名词,前面可以用不定冠词、数词,及many, a number of等修饰,当数量大于一时,要用复数形式;advice, milk等是不可数名词,不可数名词没有复数形式,不能直接用不定冠词、数词,及many, a number of等修饰,但可用some, much, a great deal of等修饰。,可数,15,4. 所有格:有生命的人或物,以及表示时间、距离、金额、重量、国家或城市等的名词,其所有格一般用“_”表示;无生命的东西的所有格一般用_表示。5. of加use, value, importance等某些抽象名词,其用法相当于_的用
10、法,在句中可作表语、补语等。,形容词,s,of,16,1. The exciting result filled us with _ (proud).2. Marys dress is similar in appearance to her elder _ (sister).3. The success of our experiment is a great _ (satisfy) to us all.,一、单句填空,pride,sisters,satisfaction,17,4. He has never shown much _ (consider) for his wifes fee
11、lings.5. His _ (fortunate) gave him great help in the exams.6. Dr Smith is going to pull out one of my _ (tooth).,consideration,fortune,teeth,18,7. He gained his _ (wealthy) by printing_ (work) of famous writers. 8. I dont like the _in which you laugh at her.,works,wealth,way,19, 高考链接 12012江西卷 Youd
12、better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _Apurpose BreferenceCprogress Dmemory解析 B 本题考查名词词义辨析。purpose意为“目的,意图”;reference意为“参考,查阅”;progress意为“进步”;memory意为“记忆”。由句意“你最好写下那家饭馆的电话号码以供日后查阅”可知B项正确。,返回目录,正 面 解 读,20,22012福建卷 Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
13、Well, you know, English is my _So it is mybest choice.Astrength BtalentCability Dskill解析 A 本题考查名词辨析。根据语境,说话人选择在国际旅行社工作是因为英语是其强项。strength强项;talent天才;ability能力; skill技术。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,21,32012湖北卷 It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye diseasethat ma
14、y not have any _Asymptom BsimilarityCsample Dshadow解析 A 本题考查名词。句意:定期检查眼睛以便查清可能没有产生任何(不适)症状的眼疾是很重要的。symptom(症状)为最佳答案。similarity相似性;sample样品;shadow阴影;都不符合题意。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,22,42012湖北卷 The officer insisted that Michael did notfollow the correct _ in applying for a visa.Apattern BprocedureCpro
15、gram Dperspective,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,23,解析 B 本题考查名词。题意为:那位官员坚称Michael没有遵循申请护照的正常程序。procedure(步骤,程序)为最佳答案。pattern模式,花样,样式;program程序,节目,计划;perspective观点,态度,透视法,景观。procedure和program均可表示“程序”,但procedure一般指办事的正常程序和步骤,而program则多指活动或计算机的运行程序。该处应该指的是申请护照的正常程序。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,24,52012江苏卷 Can I h
16、elp you with it?I appreciate your _, but I can manage it myself.Aadvice BquestionCoffer Didea解析 C 本题考查名词词义辨析。句意:我来帮你好吗?很感谢你的提议,但是我自己能行。offer“提供,提议”,指对方主动提出的帮助,符合语境。advice“意见”;question“问题”;idea“想法”。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,25, 考点归纳 考点一 名词的数规则1:有些学科名词虽以s结尾,但仍为单数名词。如:physics, linguistics, mathematics,
17、politics, statistics。规则2:表示一类事物总称的名词,常作不可数名词看待而不能加“s”。如:machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,26,规则3:有些名词的单、复数形式表达不同的意思。 如:chicken鸡肉/chickens小鸡;fish鱼(尾数),鱼 肉/fishes各种鱼; paper纸/papers试卷,报纸,文 件;water水/waters水域;room空间/rooms房间; time时间/
18、times次数,倍数,时代;arm手臂/arms 武器 规则4:有些名词形式上虽是单数,但表示的是复数含 义。如:people, police, cattle, staff, public, theadj.或the分词(表示一类人)。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,27,规则5:对于集体名词,当它表示一个整体时,视作单 数;当它侧重各个成员时,视作复数。如: The enemy has suffered heavy losses. The enemy are in flight. 规则6:有些名词单、复数同形。如:fish, deer, sheep,youth, Chines
19、e, Japanese, means, species, series, works。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,28,规则7:复合名词变成复数时有3种情况: (1)把结尾词变成复数。如:grownup grownups,gobetween gobetweens。 (2)把主体名词变成复数。如:sisterinlawsistersinlaw,editorinchiefeditorsinchief,passerbypassersby。 (3)把两个组成部分都变成复数,这种复合名词的第一个名词需是man或woman。如man doctormen doctors,woman e
20、ngineerwomen engineers。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,29,规则8:不规则名词的“数”:常用改变元音字母或词尾 加(r)en等方法构成。如:womanwomen, child children, oxoxen, toothteeth, goosegeese, foot feet, mousemice, phenomenonphenomena, analysisanalyses。 规则9:专有名词的“数”:在姓氏名词后加“s”变成复 数。如:the Smiths 史密斯一家人。 规则10:有些物质名词或抽象名词在表示具体或特定 事物时,可具体化为可数名词
21、,其前面需有不定冠词。如:a leasure/pity/surprise/success/failure/ shame, an honor/a bright future/a strong character/ a great help/a waste of time。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,30, 考点二 名词所有格规则1:表示有生命名词的所有格时,在词尾加“s”。如:the boys bag,mens room。此外,表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“s”来表示所属关系,意为:“的”。如:a twenty minu
22、tes walk, ten miles journey,two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。规则2:若名词已有复数词尾s,只加“”,如:the workers struggle。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,31,规则3:of属格:无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构。 如:a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。 规则4:如果两个名词并列,若分别加“s”,则表示“分 别有”;若只有后一个名词加“s
23、”,则表示两个“共 有”。如:Johns and Marys rooms(两间);John and Marys room(一间)。 规则5:省略格:在表示店铺或教堂,诊所的名字或某 人的家时,名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。 如:at the doctors 在诊所;at my sisters在我姐家。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,32,规则6:双重所有格:of名词“s”结构。如:a friendof my fathers, a friend of mine, works of Lu Xuns。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,33, 考点三 名词作定
24、语名词可以用作定语修饰后面的名词,表示类别、处所、材料、身份、性别、功能、用途等。规则1:名词作定语时通常用名词的单数形式。如:a shoe shop 鞋店, street lamps 路灯, a book club读书俱乐部规则2:man和woman作定语时,常用“单单(a woman doctor)”、“复复(two women doctors)” 式。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,34,规则3:名词clothes, sports, parents, sales, arms, customs等用复数形式作定语。如:arms control 武器 控制, sports m
25、eeting 运动会, clothes shop 服装店,customs officer 海关人员, sales manager 销售经 理,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,正 面 解 读,35,1【误】 There is fierce competition between the threeshoes shops in the street.【正】 There is fierce competition between the three shoe shops in the street.解析 此处指商店的性质,用名词的单数形式作定语。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,36
26、,2【误】 Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day!【正】 Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy returns of the day!解析 这是一句固定的生日祝福语, “祝你生日快乐,长命百岁”。returns 在此处便是约定俗成的用法。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,37,3【误】 He works in a child hospital.【正】 He works in a childrens hospital.解析 有些名词作定语表示名词的适用范围时,习惯上用名
27、词复数的s所有格形式。如:a childrens magazine(a magazine for children);mens clothes(clothes for men)。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,38,4【误】 The manager has got a good business idea, so the company is doing well.【正】 The manager has got a good business sense, so the company is doing well.解析 idea指对某件具体事物的看法或想法,显然不符合语境。s
28、ense意识,感。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,39,5【误】 By all means, you must try every mean to help him.【正】 By all means, you must try every means tohelp him.解析 means是一个单复数同形的名词。换句话说,在表示“方式,方法”时,不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词,表示“意思是”;也可用作名词,表示“中间,中庸”)。means用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,40, 实战演练 1Fortunat
29、ely, rescuers were able to gain _ to the disasterhit area soon enough.Aaccess BtrackCmeans Dpassage解析 A 考查名词辨析。句意:幸运的是,救援者能很快进入灾区。gain access to表示“进入(某地),见到(某人或某物)”,符合句意,故选A项。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,41,2Online shopping has become popular in China, which is the result of the fast _ of our modern lif
30、e.Aaction BstyleCpace Dmanner解析 C 考查名词辨析。句意:网上购物在中国已经很盛行了,这是我们现代生活快节奏的结果。pace表示“步伐;速度”。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,42,3According to our headmasters principle, all children should be encouraged to realize their full _Aconsequence BentertainmentCpresentation Dpotential解析 D 考查名词辨析。句意:按照我们校长的观点,应该鼓励所有的孩子充分
31、发挥他们的潜能。potential表示“潜力;潜质”。前三项分别表示“结果”、“娱乐”、“陈述,报告”,都与句意不符。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,43,4Would you do me a favor to choose a wedding dress?Of course, but it is a matter of personal _Aconcern BsenseCstyle Dtaste解析 D 考查名词辨析。句意:你能帮我挑选一套结婚礼服吗?当然可以,不过这可取决于个人品位。a matter of sth.表示“取决于”。taste表示“(对衣服、饰品等的)鉴赏力
32、,品位”。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,44,5It came as a great _ to the parents that their son finally came back, safe and sound.Afavor BsenseCrelief Drelaxation解析 C 考查名词辨析。句意:令父母欣慰不已的是他们的儿子最后安然无恙地回来了。relief“宽慰”,符合句意。A项表示“偏爱”;B项表示“感觉”;D项表示“放松”。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,45,6George was responsible for the accide
33、nt because he didnt give a _ to other drivers.Anotice BmarkCsymbol Dsignal解析 D 考查名词辨析。句意:乔治应对这场事故负责,因为他没给其他司机信号。notice公告,布告;mark记号;symbol标志,象征;signal信号,暗号。故D项符合句意。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,46,7With no better way to express feelings of love and _, its easy to see why everyone turns to a flower shop on
34、 Mothers Day.Aappreciation BinspirationCsatisfaction Dambition解析 A 考查名词辨析。句意:因为对爱和感激等情感没有更好的表达方式,所以这就很容易明白在母亲节这一天大家为什么都求助于花店了。 appreciation感激,欣赏;inspiration 激励; satisfaction满足,满意;ambition抱负,野心。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,47,8Hi, Jackie. The new iPad only cost me 150 dollars.Really? It was a real _Achan
35、ge BbargainCtrade Dbusiness解析 B 考查名词词义辨析。change变化;bargain便宜货,廉价商品;trade贸易;business商业,生意,事务。根据句意,iPad只卖150美元,肯定是“便宜货”。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,48,9A teachers _ to education deserves great respect of the whole public because it brings benefits to the development of society.Adevotion BidentityCdistribu
36、tion Dguidance解析 A 考查名词词义辨析。devotion 奉献,投入。句意:教师对于教育的奉献应该得到全社会的极大的尊重,因为这将给社会的发展带来好处。identity 身份,一致;distribution 分配,分发;guidance指导,教导。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,49,10The _ in Chinese exports in recent years has resulted in a flood of inexpensive goods for American consumers.Aimmigration BintroductionCex
37、plosion Dinvestment解析 C 考查名词词义辨析。此处explosion意为:猛增。句意:近几年中国出口猛增使美国消费者可以购买许多廉价的货物。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,50,11There existed an obvious _ between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgment was not announced in court.Aassociation BauthorityCconflict Drestriction解析 C 考查名词词义辨析。此处conflict意为:争执。句意:目击者的证
38、词存在明显的争执,所以没有当庭宣判。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,51,12Our milk powder is especially suitable for children under 6, as it helps a lot to build the bodys natural _Areservation BdefenceCvariety Dheritage解析 B 考查名词词义辨析。此处defence意为:防御能力;免疫力。句意:我们的奶粉适合6岁以下的儿童,因为它有助于增强身体的免疫力。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,52,13Teachers
39、 have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _Aconsequence BindependenceCcompetence Dintelligence解析 C 考查名词词义辨析。A项意为“结果”;B项意为“独立”;C项意为“能力”;D项意为“智力”。根据句意“老师们必须不断地更新他们的知识,目的是始终保持他们的专业能力。”可知选C合适。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,53,14Does that make any _?Yes, it matters a gr
40、eat deal.Amoney BnoiseCdifference Dtrouble解析 C 考查名词词义辨析。make any difference意为:关系重大,起重要作用。句意:那很重要吗?是的,很关键。,返回目录,专题2 正反解读名词,反 面 解 读,54,热点考向 1 名词词义辨析 1. 主要考点: 高考命题对于名词的考查强调语言的语境应用, 借助于真实的语言环境测试学生的运用词汇的能力。,55,2. 突破技巧: (1)平时要注重对常见名词用法的积累, 了解其在各种语境下的应用, 确保在考试时能手到擒来。 (2)注意名词的熟词生义用法。在熟练掌握名词的基本意义和用法的同时, 要特别留
41、意某些名词的基本意义之外的引申、拓展和熟词生义的用法。,56,【真题变式】写出本句中point的含义。 (2011江西高考)Whats the point, in your opinion, ofhelping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? _,point本义是“点, 要点, 地点, 程度”, 引申义“意义”,57,热点考向 2 抽象名词具体化 表示某种特性、状态、情感的抽象概念的不可数名词, 还可以表示具体的人或物, 可与不定冠词 a(n)连用。常见的有:,58,59,【真题变式】分析句子, 写出comfort的用法。 (2
42、012山东高考)Being able to afford a drink would bea comfort in those tough times. _,comfort作“安慰、舒适”讲, 为不可数名词; 而在句中a,comfort作“一件给人带来舒适的东西”讲, 为可数名词,60,热点考向 3 名词的固定搭配 1. 主要考点: (1)考查某些特定的名词固定短语搭配在具体语境中的用法。 (2)常见的名词短语搭配: have/gain access to 取得使用机会 take. . . into consideration 把考虑在内 take advantage of 利用 in the
43、 distance 在远处 make room for 为腾出空间,61,catch sight of 发现, 突然看见 beyond belief 难以置信的 on condition that 以为条件, 只要 make contact with 与取得联系 out of question 毫无疑问 make a compromise 妥协, 折中; 做出让步 in possession of 拥有 on the whole 从整体而言, 总的来说,62,2. 突破技巧: 在处理此类题目时, 一要读懂句子的题干意义, 二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。,63,【真题变式】完成句
44、子。 (2010安徽高考)I havent seen Sara since she was a littlegirl, and _. 从Sara还是个小女孩时起, 我就没再见过她, 她现在已经变得 让人认不出了。,she has changed beyond recognition,64,易错点 1 不了解名词的熟词生义 (母题)(2012福建高考)Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice. A. str
45、ength B. talent C. ability D. skill 【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作? 噢, 你知道, 英语是我的强项。因此这是我最好的选择。strength长处; talent才华, 天赋; ability能力; skill技能。,65,(变式)Why did you choose him to work in your travel agency? Well, you know, his is the envy of our colleagues. A. strength B. talent C. ability D. skill 【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意: 你为什么选择他在你的旅行社工作? 噢, 你知道, 我们的同事都羡慕他的才能。talent在句子中意为“才能”, 与语境相符。,