1、【名师解析】甘肃省兰州一中 2015 届高三上学期期中考试英语试题【 试卷综评】本试卷以阅读理解选材具有时代性，紧密联系生活实际，选项设计灵活合理，注重考查学生的阅读理解能力。完形填空和语法填空考查学生的基础知识应用能力。书面表达联系实际以高考英语听力是否取消的讨论作为话题，考查学生的英语实际运用能力。总之，本次学情调查难度适中，是一份质量较高的试卷。本试卷分第 I 卷（选择题）和第 II 卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。注意事项：1答第 I 卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2选出每小题答案前，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改
2、动 , 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号框, 不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中, 选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑【题文】A Do you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someones life?If yes, dont care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you
3、ll make it!Position Volunteer Social Care Assistant(No Pay with Free Meals)Place ManchesterHours Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Dont miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!RoleYou will
4、 provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience RequiredYou will have the right
5、values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since youll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage f
6、or you.1. The text is meant to _.A. leave a noteB. send an invitationC. carry an advertisementD. present a document2. What does the underlined part mean?A. Youll arrive home just in time from this job.B. Youll make others lives more meaningful with this job.C. Youll earn a good salary from this job.
7、D. Youll succeed in getting this job.3. The volunteers primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities _.A. to get some financial supportB. to properly protect themselvesC. to realize their own importanceD. to learn some new living skills4. Which of the following can first be cho
8、sen as a volunteer?A. The one who has done similar work before.B. The one who can drive a car.C. The one who has patience to listen to others.D. The one who can use English to communicate.【答案】 【知识点】C4 广告应用类 【文章综述】本文主要介绍了一则招聘志愿者的广告，主要是为残疾人服务。【答案解析】1. C。解析：总结题，通读全文可知，文章主要介绍的是一篇广告，故选 C。2. B。解析：细节题，根据下文
9、的 to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives可知选 B。3. C。解析：细节题。根据 Role 部分的 your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.可知选 C。4. A。解析：细节题。根据最后一段最后一句话 Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you 可知选 A。【题文】BWealth starts with a goal saving a dol
10、lar at a time. Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略). There are lessons in that time-honored coin-saving container.Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps. I f you wished to climb a 12,000-foot mountain, and could do it a day at a time, you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach
11、 the top in a year. If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion, to collect the $15,000 cost, you have to save $3.93 a day. If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after-tax, you will have your trip mon
12、ey.When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it. We associate piggy banks with children, but in many countries, the little containers are also popular with adults. Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and w
13、ealth. Around the world, many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Years Day brings good luck and financial success. Ah, but you have to put something in it.Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving? Why not an elephant bank, which is bigger and holds more coins? In the Middle Ages, before modern ban
14、king and credit instruments, people saved money at home, a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish. Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored clay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was “pigge”. While the Saxons pr
15、onounced pygg, referring to the clay, as “pug”, eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation, sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy. As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal, a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig, delighting
16、children and adults. The piggy bank was born.Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money, bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings. While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving, adults often need to relearn childhood lessons. Think about the things in life that require l
17、arge amounts of money- college education, weddings, cars, medical care, starting a business, buying a home, and fun stuff like great trips. So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely. 5. What is the piggy bank strategy?A. Paying 1% income tax at a time. B. Set
18、ting a goal before making a travel plan.C. Putting aside a little money regularly for future use.D. Aiming high even when doing small things. 6. Why did the writers parents give him a piggy bank as a gift?A. To delight him with the latest fashion. B. To encourage him to climb mountains.C. To teach h
19、im English pronunciation. D. To help him form the habit of saving.7. The piggy bank originally was _.A. a cheap clay container B. a potters instrument C. an animal-shaped dish D. a pig-like toy for children8. The last paragraph talks about _.A. the seriousness of educating children B. the enjoyment
20、of taking a great tripC. the difficulty of starting a business D. the importance of managing money【答案】 【知识点】C7 社会生活类【文章综述】本文主要介绍了由储蓄罐演变成了储蓄银行，主要介绍人们应平时储蓄小钱，以备将不时之需。【答案解析】5.C。解析：细节题，根据第二段的 If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1,434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate afte
21、r-tax, you will have your trip money 可知该储蓄银行就是为了现在储蓄将挣钱。故选 C。6. D。解析：细节题，根据第三段的 When I was a child, my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that, if I wanted something, I should save money to buy it 可知选 D。7. A。解析：细节题。根据第四段的 Potters(制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange-colored cl
22、ay(黏土) called “pygg,” and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was “pigge”.可知选 A。8. D。解析：细节题。根据最后一段最后一句话 So when you have money, take off the top 10%, put it aside, save and invest wisely 可知选 D。【题文】C The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its des
23、ign when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building
24、design on its own though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency
25、(效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher， consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. In other words，old habits die hard, e
26、ven in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers dont have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，its hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈） facilities
27、, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has adde
28、d a further dimension (方面） ，suggesting that individuals behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach pe
29、ople about buildings and their own behaviour in them.9. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of_.A. the behaviour of building users B. zero-carbon homesC. sustainable building design D. the reduction of carbon emissions10. What are Katy Jandas words mainly about?A. T
30、he necessity of making a careful building design.B. The importance of changing building users habits.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency. 11. The information gap in energy use _. A. affects the study on energy monitorsB. c
31、an be bridged by feedback facilities C. brings about problems for smart metersD. will be caused by building users old habits12. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education programme is under discussion.C. The beh
32、aviour preference of building users is similar.D. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.【答案】 【知识点】C7 社会生活类【文章综述】本文主要介绍了建筑使用者的行为习惯和建筑设计一样重要。【答案解析】9.A。解析：细节题，根据第一段的 The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new re
33、search from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC)可知 UKERC 的研究强调建筑使用者的行为。故选 A。10. B。解析：细节题，根据第三段的 old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home可知积习难改，旧习惯可能会毁掉最好的建筑设计，故选 B。11. B。解析：细节题。根据第四段的 Feedback (反馈） facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information g
34、ap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters 可知选 B。12. D。解析：细节题。根据第五段suggesting that individuals behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be pred
35、icted 可知选 D。【题文】DThe kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words. The key to their success 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Et
36、hiopian village in February by a U.S. group called One Laptop Per Child. The goal is to find out whether kids using todays new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analyzing the project data say th
37、eyre already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten,” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia program. The fastest learnerand the first to turn on one of the tabletsis 8-year-old Kelbesa Negusse. The devi
38、ces camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia. With his tablet, Kelbasa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he
39、spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didnt know any English. Thats unbelievable,” said Keller. The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading,” where they can read to learn. It wont be in Amharic, Ethiopias first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to
40、 higher paying jobs. 13. How does the Ethiopia program benefit the kids in the village? A. It contributes to their self-study. B. It trains teachers for them.C. It helps raise their living standards. D. It provides funds for building schools. 14. It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could _
41、. A. draw pictures of animals. B. learn English words quickly. C. write letters to researchers. D. make phone calls to his friends. 15. What is the aim of the project? A. To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs. B. To make Amharic widely used in the world. C. To assist Ethiopians in learning their fi
42、rst language. D. To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English. 【答案】 【知识点】C5 文化教育类【文章综述】本文主要介绍了由储蓄罐演变成了储蓄银行，主要介绍人们应平时储蓄小钱，以备将不时之需。【答案解析】13.A。解析：细节题，根据第二段的 The goal is to find out whether kids using todays new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist.可知该项
43、目是帮助孩子学会自学。故选 A。14. B。解析：细节题，根据第三段的 What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten 可知选 B。15. D。解析：总结题。根据最后一段的 The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading,” where they can read to learn. It wont be in Amha
44、ric, Ethiopias first language, but in English 可知选 D。第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)【题文】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Evaluating (评价) Sources of health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is
45、to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 16 Go to the original sourc
46、e. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 17 Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “as
47、sociated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 18 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained i
48、n advertisements. 19 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).20 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independe
49、ntly about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.B. Make choices that are right for you. C. And examine the findings of the original research.D. Be sure to work through the critical questions. E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sourc
