1、 本文由 zhenqi1985 贡献ppt 文档可能在 WAP 端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择 TXT，或下载源文件到本机查看。大学英语四级翻译CET4 TRANSLATIONThe General Structure of TranslationStep 1确定关键词( 确定关键词( 一般由两个词或词组组 寻找可能的英文相应表达) 成)，寻找可能的英文相应表达)Step 2利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方 式将两个英文词或词组连接起来Step 3翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与 功能， 功能，根据句法结构理顺语言1. 情态动词1. 2. 3. 4. may as well would rathe
2、r than dont have to = not necessarily must have done/ may have done/ cant have done should have done/ might/could have done/ neednt have done翻译练习1. But for mobile phones, (我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便). （0712B6) 我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便). our communication cant be so rapid and convenient 2. I cant boot my computer now.
3、 Something (一定出了毛病) with its operation (一定出了毛病) system. (0712B4) must have gone wrong2. 虚拟语气1. If had done, would have done/ If did/were, would do/ If should do, would do 2. But for/ Without would have done 3. suggest that (should) 4. It is necessary that (should) 5. I wish had done/ If only 6. I wo
4、uld rather did 7. as if had done/ as if were 8. It is time did翻译练习1. The victim ( 本来会有机会活 来）if 来）if he had been taken to hospital in time. (0612B4) would have had a chance to survive/ would have survived 2. If you had (听从了我的忠告，你 (听从了我的忠告，你 就不会陷入麻烦). 就不会陷入麻烦 ). (0612B6) followed my advice, you would
5、not have got into trouble3. 不定式1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. It takes sb (time/energy) to do sth in order to/ so as to tooto, adj.+enough to be likely to is said to have done/ to have been done be sorry/glad to have done see/hear sb do sth/ see/hear sb doing sth翻译练习1. (为了挣钱供我上学), (为了挣钱供我上学), mother often tak
6、es on more work than is good for her. (0606B4) To/ In order to earn/make/get money/finance my education 2. With tears on her face, the lady (看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室). (0612B6） 看着她受伤的儿子被送进手术室). (0612B6） watch her injured son (being) taken to the operating room4. 动名词1. be busy doing sth 2. Its no use/good doin
7、g sth/ There is no point/use in doing sth 3. have difficulty/trouble doing sth 4. spend (time/money) doing sth 5. be worth doing 6. need/want doing 7. find oneself doing sth 8. cant help doing, cant stand doing 9. V+doing ( appreciate, regret, enjoy, mind, excuse, imagine, keep, risk,stop)翻译练习1. Hav
8、ing spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去历史博 (找到去历史博 物馆的路). 物馆的路). (0606B4) finding the way to the History Museum5. 分词1. forget to do/doing/ remember to do/ doing 2. judging from/by/ compared with 3. given/ considering 4. V-ing/V-ed 作状语 ing/Veg. Not knowing what to say, she kept silent
9、. Built in the 18 century, the castle is sill in good condition. 5. have/get sth done 6. with/without + N + V-ing/ V-ed VV7. keep sb informed of 8. find sb doing翻译练习1. (与我成长的地方相比), (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. (0712B4) Compared with the place where I was brought up/grew up
10、 2. The auto manufacturers found themselves (正在同外国公司竞争市场的额). (正在同外国公司竞争市场 的额). (0706B6) competing with foreign firms for market share6. 先行词 It1. It is well known that / It is reported that 2. It didnt occur to me that 3. find/think it impossible for sb to do sth 4. make it clear that 5. It is that 6
11、. It was not until that 7. It was because that翻译练习1. (直到截至日他才寄出) his (直到截至日他才寄出 直到截至日他才寄出) application form. (0612B6) It was not until the deadline did he send 2. (我觉得这几乎是不可能的) (我觉得这几乎是不可能的 我觉得这几乎是不可能的) to fulfill the task ahead of time. I find it almost impossible7. 倒装1. 2. 3. 4. Hardly when, Not o
12、nly but also, Not until, Rarely, Sothat, Only when, Neither Blue is the sea翻译练习1. (直到他完成使命) did he (直到他完成使命 直到他完成使命) realize that he was seriously ill. (0712B4) Not until he had accomplished the mission 2. (直到截至日他才寄出) his (直到截至日他才寄出 直到截至日他才寄出) application form. (0612B6) Not until the deadline did he
13、 send8. 名词从句1. What we learned from the failure is 2. Whether the sports meet will be postponed because of the rain is 3. whatever, whoever, that翻译练习1. （重要的不是失败本身) （重要的不是失败本身) but what we think and do afterwards. What is important is not failure itself9. 定语从句1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. the girl whose fathe
14、r is a director, the occasion when, the situation where, the extent to which, half of which/whom, The meeting was put off, which was exactly. As was expected, he performed the task with success.翻译练习1. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is (我们可以合作的领域 ). (我们可以合作的领域). （0706B4) the field where (in which)
15、 we can cooperate) 2. There are many students in the auditorium, (其中两位来之我校). (其中两位来之我校). two of whom are from our school.10. 状语从句now that, sothat, so that, as long as, in case, no matter how/what, unless, lest/for fear that, the er, the er, be superior to, nothing is er than, not soas, as much/soon
16、as possible, ten times as great as,翻译练习1. Leaving ones job, (不管 (不管 是什么工作), 是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. whatever/no matter what it is 2. Since my childhood I have found that (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力 ). nothing attracts me so much as reading 3.
17、In sixties, one thing I notice is that (我比以前更容易累了). 我 比以前更容易累了). I am more likely to get tired than before.11. 时态By the next time I see you, I will have graduated from college. Until yesterday, I had never heard about it. Excuse the messI have been painting the mess house all the morning.翻译练习1. Not
18、only (他向我收费过高), (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either. did he charge me too much 2. (直到他完成使命) did he (直到他完成使命) realize that he was seriously ill. (0806B4) Not until he had accomplished the mission12. 数词hundreds of, tens of thousands of, in her fifties, young people born in the late 199
19、0s two thirds of the freshman students increase by 15 percent The sales have more than doubled since Mr. Command came to our company.翻译练习1. The nations population continues to rise (以每年 1200 万 (以每年 1200 万 人的速度). 人的速度). (0612B4) at a rate of 1200 per year half a year twice as much as from one to two
20、thirds one fifth a century-long dream century-13. 被动get injured/married/dressed/scolded It is hoped that/pointed that He has to admit being fined by the police for speeding when driving.翻译句型1. (他们被深深打动 ) (他们被深深打动 ) the opening ceremony of Beijing 2008 Games. They are deeply touched by14. 14. 强调I do
21、hope It was not untilthat It was with his generous help that 翻译练习1. (是奥运精神激励着我) to (是奥运精神激励着我) be actively involved in Olympic volunteer work. It is the spirit of Olympics that encourage me16. 存在句There used to be There is/are said/reported to be There is/are likely to be There doesnt seem to be much
22、 hope that 翻译练习1. (那里曾经是一块 (那里曾经是一块 农田) 农田) but now it has become a national park. There used to be a patch of farm land 2. (看来希望不大了) (看来希望不大了) that they will do us a favor. There doesnt seem to be much hope17. 感叹句What a shame that you cant come! What a fool he was to reject our help! How incredible
23、 it is to see!实战演练1. The substance does not dissolve in water (不管是否加热). (不管是否加热). 关键词加热heat；不管是否(no matter) 关键词 加热heat；不管是否(no whether or not 连 接heat 与其逻辑主语 substance 之间需采用被 heat 与其逻辑主语 substance 之间需采用被 动连接，即 heat 加 ed。 动连接，即 heat 加 ed。 优 化whether (it is) heated or not. 注 意，it 注 意，it is 可省略。 is 可省略。
24、 点 评如果 heated or not 放在句首，whether 也 如果 heated not 放在句首，whether 也 可以省略。Translation2. Not only (他向我收费过高), but he (他向我收费过高 ), didnt do a good repair job either. 关键词收费过高overcharge, charge too 关键词收费过高overcharge, much/high 连 接句首的 Not only 决定了倒装连接，下文用了过 句首的 Not only 决定了倒装连接，下文用了过 去时态，因此，这里需在 he 之前加 did。 去时
25、态，因此，这里需在he 之前加 did。 优 化(Not only) did he charge me too much/high, / did he overcharge me, 。 。 点 评如果未能想出用 overcharge/charge too much 如果未能想出用overcharge/charge 表示“收费过高” ，也可以将其含义“化解”掉，用 ask 表示“收费过高”，也可以将其含义“化解”掉，用 ask for too much 来表达，答案可以是 did he ask me for too much 来表达，答案可以是 did much。 much。Translatio
26、n3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing (与我的相比). (与我的相比). 关键词相比 compare (with), in 关键词 相比compare comparison with；我的mine, my losses with；我的mine, 连 接compare 与其逻辑主语 Your losses 之间 compare 与其逻辑主语 Your losses 之间 需采用被动连接。 优 化in comparison with mine 或 compared mine 或 with mine。 mine。 点 评 此处最好用介词词组，如
27、果用 compared 此处最好用介词词组，如果用 compared with mine，则放在句首更合适。 mine，则放在句首更合适。Translation4. On average, it is said, visitors spend only (一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 一半的钱) 关键词一半half；钱money 关键词 一半half；钱money 连 接注意后文的 as，此处需用一比较连接词 as，并 注意后文的 as，此处需用一比较连接词as，并 在 as 后需增添一形容词或副词。 as 后需增添一形容词或副词。 优 化 hal
28、f as much money。 money。 点评这里因为前文有 spend，这里可以省略 money； 点评这里因为前文有 spend，这里可以省略 money； 此处如果先把“一半”的意思撇开，更易“化解”原文， 即先译出“一天里在利兹和在伦敦花同样多的钱” ， spend as much (money) in a day in Leeds as in London， London， 然后将“( 只有)一半”加进去，这样来看(only) half只能放 然后将 “(只有)一半 ”加进去，这样来看(only) half 只能放 在 as much 前。 much前。Translation5
29、. By contrast, American mothers were more likely (把孩子的成功归因 (把孩子的成功归因 于) natural talent. 关键词孩子的成功childrens success / success 关键词孩子的成功childrens of the children；把归因于attribute to / owe to children；把归因于attribute 连 接上文的 were more likely 后需接 to。 上文的 were likely后需接 to。 优 化to attribute their childrens succes
30、s / success of their children to。 to。 点 评 “把归因于 ”也可以化解为“相信的原 “把归因于”也可以化解为“相信的原 因是” ，即 believe 因是” ，即 believe that their childrens success is due to/ the main factor for their childrens success is。 is。常考语法和句型1. be likely to (chances are that ) 2. too to 3. so/such that (so as to, in order to) 4. rath
31、er than (other than, more than, no less than) 5. nothing but (anything but) 6. know more than to do something 7. d better 8. in case of (for fear that, in the event of) 9. if only (wish, if I had ; It is (high) time that ) 10. have time/difficulty/trouble doing something常考语法和句型 11. only to do (thus
32、doing ) 12. There is no use/difficulty/point/trouble doing something 13. There is no doubt that (It goes without saying that ) 14. half as much time/money ( twice as much/many money/books as, from one (third) to two thirds/three quarters) 15. Two hours have passed before Translation16. He has just a
33、rrived home when (He was about to leave when ) 17. Whether you are interested in or not, you 18. Owing to (due to, according to, in accordance with ) 19. the more the more 20. remind ( accuse, inform, warn) somebody with somethingTranslation21. spend time on something or doing something (take; cost)
34、 22. be worth doing (worthwhile; deserve) 23. She is more shy than impolite. 24. expect somebody of something (demand, make, require) 25. in contrast to (be compared with) 26. under the discussion ( control) 27. overestimate underestimate ( overstate, understate) 28. beyond my reach (expectation, co
35、ntrol) 29. It was not until that/Not until did he 30. put off till/untilTranslation 评分原则及标准 Translation 评分原则及标准1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得 1 分。 整体内容和语言均正确， 2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、 不当， 0.5 分 不当，得0.5 分。 3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得 0.5 分。 整体意思正确但语言有错误， 0.5 分 4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5. 大小
36、写错误及标点符号忽略不计。 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。Examples1 Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活). (适应不同文化中的生活). 1 分 adapt to the life in the different culture adapt oneself to life in different kinds of culture be adapted to the life in different cultures get used/be accustomed to
37、 life in a different culture adjust to lives in/of different cultures in/of do in Rome as the Romans doExamples0.5 分 0.5 分 adapt themselves to a different culture life (语 言错误) 言错误) adapt to live in different cultures (语言错误) (语言错误 语言错误) adjust to the living in different culture (语言 (语言 错误 ) 错误) survi
38、ve/live/exist/stay alive/fit in/get along in a different culture (意思不确切) ( 意思不确切 意思不确切)Examples0 分 suit/fit/suitable the life in a different culture fix to life between difference countries adopt to life with different culture live in different customersExamples2. Since my childhood I have found tha
39、t (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). nothing attracts me so much as reading1 分 nothing attracts me so much as reading nothing but/other than/except reading can attract me so much nothing can/could be so fascinating/inviting as reading nothing is more appealing to me than reading books reading appeal
40、s to me more than anything else/anything else/anything reading is the most attractive (thing) (to/for me) there is nothing more attractive/interesting to me than attractive/interesting reading there is nothing that can be more attractive to me than reading books there is nothing else that appeals to
41、 me more than reading0.5 分 0.5 分 there is nothing but reading that can catch my attention (意思不确切) 意思不确切) (语言错误 语言错误) nothing was more attractive to me than reading (语言错误) there is no more attractive thing than reading (意思不确切) (意思不确切 意思不确切) nothing is more interesting than reading (books) for/to for/
42、to me (意思不确切) 意思不确切) nothing could appeal me so much as reading (语言错误) (语言错误 语言错误 ) nothing else attracts me more than books do (意思不确切 ) (意思不确切 意思不确切) (语言错误 语言错误) theres nothing but reading is attractive to me (语言错误) there has nothing that attracted me more than reading (语言 错误) 语言错误)Examples0 分 ther
43、e is nothing than reading that is attracted me a lot (意思不确切、语言错误) 意思不确切、语言错误) nothing more interesting than reading book for me (意思不确切、语言错误) 意思不确切、语言错误) nothing is more attracted to me than study/studying/studies 意思不确切、语言错误) study/studying/studies (意思不确切、语言错误) nothing can contract me more than readi
44、ng books (整 体意思错误) 体意思错误) nothing has impress me more than reading (整体意思 错误、语言错误) 错误、语言错误)Examples3. The victim (本来 (本来 会有机会活下来) 会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. would have had a chance of surviving/would have been able to survive/would have survivedExamples1 分 would have survived
45、could have been saved would have been able/likely to survive would have had a chance to stay alive might have had chances to survive could have had an opportunity to be alive should have had a chance to live (on) on)Examples0.5 分 0.5 分 would have had chance to survive (语言错误) (语言错误 语言错误) had the chan
46、ce to survive (语言错误) (语言错误 语言错误) would have the chance to survive (语言错误) (语言错误 语言错误)Examples0 分 would have the chance to live up (意思不确切、 意思不确切、 语言错误) 语言错误) should have had chance living (意思不确切、 意思不确切、 语言错误) 语言错误) was thought to have opportunity to survive (意思不确切、语言错误 ) 意思不确切、语言错误)Examples4. Some psy
47、chologists claim that people (出门在外时可能 (出门在外时可能 会感到孤独). 会感到孤独). are likely to/may/might feel lonely when (they are) away from homeExamples1 分 may suffer from loneliness while (being/staying) away from home could feel lonely when they are out of home/ home/not at home (who are) away from home may feel
48、 lonely may suffer loneliness when away from home (语言错误) 语言错误)0.5 分 0.5 分 may feel lonely when they are outside home/outside/out/ home/outside/out/outdoor(s) (意思不确切 ) 意思不确切) will feel lonely when they are far away from home (意 (意 思不确切) 思不确切) might feel lonely when they go out/leave home (意思不 out/ 确切
49、) 确切) may feel lonely when traveling away from home (意思 (意思 不确切) 不确切) may feel lonely while leaving home and going out (意 思不确切) 思不确切) (意 may feel isolated/separated when away from home (意 isolated/ 思不确切) 思不确切) may feel alone when away from home (用词不 (用词不 当) ?Examples0 分 意思错误、语言错误) may fell along when they are out (意思错误、语言错误) out（意思不确切、 maybe feel a
