1、第 33 讲 主谓一致【真题体验】1Look！There are some _C_ on the farm.(2014，铜仁)Achicken Bgoose C sheep Dcow2The summer holiday is coming，so the twins as well as Jack _B_ to Hong Kong for vacation.(2014， 黄石)Ais going Bare goingCgoes Dgo3What do you think of the environment here？(2014，随州)Wonderful！_A_ of the land _ c
2、overed with trees and grass.ATwo fifths ；is BTwo fifth；isCTwo fifths；are DTwo fifth；are4A number of volunteers _B_ from faraway cities.(2014，孝感)Ais Bare Cis come Dare come5In China，plenty of rubbish _C_ every day because of the large population.(2014，玉林)Ais producing Bare producingCis produced Dare
3、produced【考点梳理】中考对主谓一致的考查主要包括以下三点：1学科名词作主语；表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语作主语；the姓氏名词复数作主语；一些以s 结尾的不可数名词作主语 ，如 news， maths；不定代词名词作主语，如 both of，neither 等。2主语后带有 with，except，like 等介词短语。3就近原则，如 there be 句型 ，eitheror ，not only but also等。 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。因此，找出句子的真正主语是关键。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。高频考向一 语法一致原则
4、语法一致即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词就用复数形式。1当 and 连接两个或多个名词，或 bothand连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。2不定代词either，neither，anybody ，anything，someone，somebody ，everyone，everything，nobody，no one，nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Is there
5、 anything wrong with your bike？你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都在为运动会做准备。3由 each，eachand each，every and every，every作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每一个男孩和每一个女孩都得到了一本新书。4主语后有 with，along with，together with，as well as，no less than，more than，including，b
6、esides ，like，except，but 等词或短语时 ，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。如：Mr Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的妻子及两个女儿一块儿来北京。5 “a number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of trees are cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。The number of students in our class is 32.我们班学生人数为
7、 32。6 “a lot of(lots of，plenty of，a pile of，piles of，most of)名词”和“分数或百分数名词”等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。7由“a pair(a kind，a series)of 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“pairs(kinds)of复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：A pair of sunglasses is lying on t
8、he table.一副太阳镜放在桌子上。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.每天能制作 15 双鞋。8某些只有复数形式的名词(如 clothes，trousers，shorts ，pants，shoes，gloves)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：My shoes were worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。9不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Reading is learning.读书就是学习。【例 1】 Oh！Jennifer with her parents _ dinner there.(2014，齐齐哈尔)Ais hav
9、ing Bare havingChave Dhaving点拨：主语后有 with 时，谓语动词单 复数由主语决定。此句主语为 Jennifer，故谓语用单数。答案：_A_【例 2】 Chopsticks _ every day when people eat Chinese food.(2014，绥化)Ais used Bare usedCwas used Dwere used点拨：chopsticks 作主语，是复数形式；谓语动词应用复数，由句意可知是每天被使用，应用被动语态。答案：_B_高频考向二 意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。1由
10、 and 连接的两个名词，如果是指同一概念(即 and 后面无冠词 )，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：The teacher and writer is coming to give us a report next week.那位老师兼作家下周要来给我们作报告。The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了聚会。2表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。3集体名词(如 fami
11、ly，team，crowd ，company，class，group，government )如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：My family is a small one with three people.我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。4people，police，cattle 等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The police are helping a girl find her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找妈妈。5算式中，表示加法和乘法时谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式，但表示减法和除法时谓语动词必须用
12、单数形式。如：What is/are three times three？3 乘以 3 是多少？【例 3】 Do you need more time to complete the task?Yes.Another ten days _ enough.(2014，广东)Ais Bwas Care Dwere点拨：答句主语为 another ten days，时间作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。由问句可知应用现在时。答案：_A_高频考向三 就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与靠近它的名词一致，这种原则叫作就近原则，又叫作邻近原则。1由 eitheror，neithernor ，not
13、onlybut(also)，notbut 或 or 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如：Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不但我父母而且我也盼望看到我叔叔。Not only Jim but also his parents want to live in China.不仅吉姆而且他的父母也想居住在中国。He or you have taken my pen.他或你拿了我的钢笔。2There be和 Here be这两个句式中的 be 动词常与最近的主语在数上保
14、持一致。如：There is an apple and two bananas on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和两根香蕉。【例 4】 There _ a book and some pens in the bag.Please give them to the old man.(2014，毕节 )Abe Bare Cis D have点拨：主语为 a book and some pens，谓语应和最近的主语 保持一致。 there be 表示“在某地有某物” 。答案：_C_【例 5】 Not only you but also he _ the secret.(2014，六盘水)A
15、knows B knowChave known Dto know点拨：not only.but also.连 接两个主语时，谓语动词单复数与相邻的主语单复数保持一致。答案：_A_【例 6】 There _ some flowers on the teachers desk just now，but now there _ nothing on it.Ahave；has Bwere；hasCwere；is Dhas；has点拨：第一空应根据 some flowers 来确定谓语动词应用复数，just now 表明是过去时；第二空根据 nothing 来判断谓语动词应用单数。答案：_C_1What
16、 _A_ the number of the students in your school？( 2014，泰安)About two thousand.A number of them _ from the countryside.Ais；are Bis；isCare；is Dare；are2How do you like these two books？(2014，益阳)_A_ of them are interesting.And Ive read them several times.ABoth BNeither CNone DEither3I called you at 5：00 ye
17、sterday afternoon，but no one answered.Sorry，I with my parents _A_ at that time.(2014，达州)Awas shopping Bwere shoppingCare shopping Dwent shopping4Look，the set of keys _C_ on the teachers desk.(2014， 安顺)Aare Bwere Cis Dwas5A number of people _A_ killed by the terrorists at the Urumqi train station._ t
18、errible it is！(2014，鄂州)Awere；How Bwas；HowCwere；What Dwas；What6The sick boy，together with his parents，_B_ to the hospital.Asends BsendCwere sent Dwas sent7There _A_ some milk and two eggs on the table.(2014，永州)Ais Bare Chas Dhave8Everyone except Tom and John _D_ there when the meeting began.(2013，威海)
19、Aare Bis Cwere Dwas9Neither Kate nor her cousins _A_ to America，but _ of them have known the country very well.(2013，绥化 )Ahave been；all Bhave gone ；bothChas been；all Dhas gone；both10Maths _A_ my favourite subject ，what about you？(2013，广安)Physics _.I think its very interesting.Ais；is B are；are Care；i
20、s Dis ；are11Thanks to the organization，some money _A _ given to the poor children.Awas Bwere Care Dhas12No one _B _ swimming in such bad weather.Alike Blikes Cliking Dliked13Diana，together with her friends，_C_ Chinese in China.Astudy B have studiedCstudies Dare studying14Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight?Id love to，but _C_ of us two has tickets.Do you have some?Aboth Ball Cneither Dnone
