1、模块综合检测(四)(满分：120 分；时间：100 分钟).阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)AWe do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural，everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language，though，we are often surprised that we are able to und
2、erstand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.First，the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example，the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can als
3、o be used to discuss a neighbors dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So，when you have a conversation with your
4、 neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word “dog” probably means in that situation.The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example，the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money” ，but it can also mean “the
5、 side of a river”So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear.It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept.However， if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains，others probably know that “bank” means “the side of
6、a river”The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular，but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very im
7、portant to understand language.【语篇解读】 本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。1The passage is mainly about _.Athe best time and place to talk to othersBhow the speaking situation helps language workCwhat to say in difficult situationsDhow our language works【解析】 主旨大意题。本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大作用。故选B。【答案】 B2According to the pass
8、age，we can safely say that _.Athe speaking situation does not affect the meaning of wordsBspeaking is not very natural for most peopleCthe speaking situation is not importantDpeople often do not consider how talking works【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking
9、 is such a natural，everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works”可知，选 D。【答案】 D3By using the example of the word “dog” ，the writer wants to show that _.Aa word may need to be explained in a conversationBa word may have different meaningsCthe speaking situation helps pe
10、ople understand the particular meaning of a wordDthe meaning of words is not particular【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句话“First，the speaking situation helps make words more particular”和下文的“For example”可知，下文正是用 dog 一词举例来论证第二段的第一句话。故选 C。【答案】 CB【导学号：94912048】Its the universal cry of parents.“Get a job！” Solimans mo
11、ther told Soliman on the second day of his college breaks.After years of delivering furniture for his mothers store，he knew many people had things they wanted to get rid of.If he borrowed his moms truck，he could make a little money by carrying away their garbage.One night，Soliman came up with a name
12、 for his new businessCollege Hunks Hauling Junk.He advertised the next day，and within hours，his phone rang.He asked his friend Friedman to help.They made $220 in three hours by cleaning out a womans garbage.Soliman and Friedman earned $10,000 that summer.But the two werent ready to become fulltime g
13、arbage men after graduation.“We were trained to finish college and get a good job， ” says Soliman，who first worked at a research firm.Friedman became an economic analyst.After working for the firm and the company for a while，both of them changed their minds.They quit their jobs and restarted their b
14、usiness，but had trouble finding a bank willing to lend them money.“Within months， ” says Friedman， “we were pretty upset.” At last，one bank risked lending them $50,000.At first，they lost money.One customer asked them to deal with a dozen garbage cans filled with construction garbage.They measured th
15、e job by volume instead of by weight and charged just $130.“The cans were so heavy that it took us two and a half hours， ” says Soliman， “and it cost us more than $250 to carry the load.”However，the tough experience taught them a lesson.They reduced the cost of unloading by recycling metals and elec
16、tronics.Just four years later, they ran a nationwide company that earned $3 million in 2014.“I figured if Nick and I failed，wed learned more from failing than from not trying at all， ” says Soliman.【语篇解读】 Soliman 通过为妈妈的商店运家具，了解到许多人有不想要的东西。于是他有了一个想法通过运送别人不想要的东西来挣钱。他和朋友开始创业时遇到了一些困难，但是通过不懈的努力以及分析和总结，最后
17、他们终于成功了。4What does Soliman find when helping to deliver furniture?ASome parents want their kids to work at college breaks.BMany families have things they dont want to keep.CHis moms truck works well in carrying heavy furniture.DIts hard to make money by carrying away the garbage.【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A
18、fter years of delivering furniture for his mothers store，he knew many people had things they wanted to get rid of”可知，Soliman 在为母亲的商店运送家具之后，他了解到很多人有他们不想要的东西。故选B。【答案】 B5What makes Soliman think of starting his new business?AHis working experience in his mothers store.BHis strong desire to make use of
19、the garbage.CHis hatred for peoples throwing away things.DHis much available time at college breaks.【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“If he borrowed his moms truck，he could make a little money by carrying away their garbage”可知，当他知道很多人都有不想要的东西时，他就想到如果他借妈妈的卡车来运走这些不想要的东西，他就可以挣到钱。所以这种想法应该是他帮妈妈做事时想到的。故选 A。【答案】 A6How did
20、 Soliman and Friedman cut the cost of the company?ABy filling the cans with more garbage.BBy measuring the job by volume.CBy reducing the working hours.DBy recycling something useful.【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“They reduced the cost of unloading by recycling metals and electronics”可知，他们通过循环利用金属和电子设备来减少运载的费
21、用。故选 D。【答案】 D7Which of the following can be learned from the passage?AEasier said than done.BNothing succeeds like success.CTwo heads are better than one.DNothing is impossible to a willing heart.【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，Soliman 和朋友在创业阶段很不顺，但是通过坚持不懈的努力以及分析和总结，最后他们终于获得了成功。这个故事也验证了这句名言：有志者事竟成。故选 D。【答案】 DCMos
22、t people who move to a foreign country or culture may go through some form of culture shock, and its degree is determined by the differences between cultures, the anxiety to adapt to a new culture and the familiarity with a new culture, etc.If you go, for example, to a culture that is far different
23、from your own, youre likely to experience culture shock more sharply than those who move to a new culture knowing the language and the customs of it.It is important to understand and learn how to deal with culture shock if you adapt successfully to your new homes culture.There are four general stage
24、s of cultural adjustment, and being aware of them helps you understand that culture shock wont last long.Its just a process you are going through rather than a constant situation.The first stage is usually referred to as the “honeymoon” stage.Upon arriving in a new environment, youll be interested i
25、n the new culture.Everything will seem thrilling and everyone will seem friendly and helpful.During this stage you are merely taking in these impressions passively.But it isnt long before the honeymoon stage gives way to the second stagethe withdrawal stage.The excitement you felt before is gone and
26、 the problems arise.The language is hard to learn；people are unusual and unpredictable；friends are hard to make；and simple things like shopping and going to the bank are challenges.It is at this stage that you are likely to feel anxious and homesick, and you will probably find yourself complaining a
27、bout the new culture or country.This is the stage called “culture shock”At some point, if you can manage it well, youll begin the transition into the next stage, the “recovery” stage, in which youll feel more confident functioning in the new culture.Customs and traditions are clearer and easier to u
28、nderstand.At this stage, youll deal with new challenges with humor rather than anxiety.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了来到异国他乡的人们多多少少会遇到一些文化冲击，他们在文化适应的过程中往往要经历四个阶段，了解这些阶段可以让人们明白：文化冲击只是阶段性的，不会持久。8According to the passage, culture shock can be_.Adealt with more easily for some peopleBreduced by learning the lan
29、guage aloneCavoided by knowing adjustment stagesDgot rid of by learning just the customs【解析】 根据第一段最后一句中的“youre likely to experience culture shock more sharply than those who move to a new culture knowing the language and the customs of it”可推断，文化冲击对于某些人来说比较容易处理。故选 A 项。【答案】 A9The “honeymoon” stage her
30、e refers to_.Athe first month after the weddingBthe period of excitementCthe stage of adaptationDthe holiday for a newlymarried couple【解析】 根据第三段第二、三句“Upon arriving in a new environment，youll be interested in the new culture.Everything will seem thrilling.”可推断， “honeymoon”是一个令人兴奋的阶段。故 B 项正确。【答案】 B10W
31、hich of the following doesnt belong to the second stage?ABecoming upset.BMissing family.CFeeling confident.DMaking complaints.【解析】 根据第四段第四句“It is at this stage that you are likely to feel anxious and homesick，and you will probably find yourself complaining about the new culture or country.”可知，A、B、 D
32、 三项均是第二阶段的表现。故选 C 项。【答案】 C11What would be probably discussed in the paragraph that follows?AConsequences of culture shock.BChallenges in a new country.CPreparations for a new culture.DThe 4th stage of cultural adjustment.【解析】 根据第二段第二句中的“There are four general stages of cultural adjustment”以及文章已谈到了 “
33、honeymoon”“the withdrawal stage”和“recovery”这三个阶段可推知，接下来应该要讨论文化适应的第四个阶段。故选 D 项。【答案】 DDDuring lectures, my students often ask which is the most difficult language to learn.Its not easy to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration.For a persons first language these factors are un
34、important because people learn their mother tongue naturally.So the question of how hard a language is to learn is only relevant when learning a second language.Studies have shown that native speakers of Spanish find Portuguese much easier to learn than, say, native speakers of Chinese, because Port
35、uguese is very similar to Spanish, while Chinese is very different.So a persons first language affects their learning of a second language.The greater the differences between a second language and the first, the harder it will be for most people to learn.Many Westerners think that Chinese is the har
36、dest language to learn because of its writing system and pronunciation.But for Japanese speakers, who already use Chinese characters in their own language, learning writing is less difficult than for speakers of languages using the Roman alphabet.A recent study reported that British embassy staff fo
37、und that the second hardest language to learn was Japanese.More surprising was the language that they found most problematicHungarian.In this case the issue was not the writing system (as both English and Hungarian use a similar alphabet) but grammatical complexity.Hungarian has 35 cases (forms of a
38、 noun according to whether it is subject, object, genitive, etc.) and it was this that caused the British diplomatic personnel most difficulty.One suspects they would have even more problems with Tabassaran, a Caucasian language with 48 cases, if they ever had to learn it.Teachers and the circumstan
39、ces in which a language is learned also play important roles, as does each learners motivation for learning.If people learn a language because they need to use it professionally, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their daytoday life.Put simply, no l
40、anguage is easy to learn well, though languages which are related to our first language are easier.Learning a completely different writing system is a huge challenge, but that does not necessarily make a language more difficult than another.In the end, it is impossible to say that there is one langu
41、age that is the most difficult language in the world.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者认为没有一种语言是世界上最难学的语言，因为影响语言学习的因素是多方面的，包括一个人的第一语言与新语言的相似度、老师的指导、学习环境以及学习动机等方面。12According to the passage, who is likely to have the most difficulty learning a new language?AA Korean person learning French.BA Spanish person learnin
42、g Portuguese.CA German person learning English.DA Chinese person learning Japanese.【解析】 根据文章第二段中的“So a persons first language affects their learning of a second language.The greater the differences between a second language and the first，the harder it will be for most people to learn.”可知，一个人的第一语言影响了
43、其第二语言的学习，如果这两种语言差别越大，则其第二语言越难学。由此可推出，四个选项中，韩国人学法语最难。故答案选 A。【答案】 A13Which language do British embassy staff find most difficult to learn?AJapanese. BCaucasian.CHungarian. DTabassaran.【解析】 根据文章第三段第二句话“More surprising was the language that they found most problematicHungarian.”可知，对 British embassy staf
44、f 来说，最难学的语言是 Hungarian(匈牙利语 )。故答案选 C。【答案】 C14Why does the author believe theres no single hardest language?AAll languages are equally difficult to learn well.BWith enough effort, any language can be learned well.CThere is not enough evidence to make any final conclusion.DPeoples background and learn
45、ing situations determine which language is hardest.【解析】 通读全文可知，作者认为没有一种语言是世界上最难学的语言，因为影响语言学习的因素是多方面的，包括一个人的第一语言与新语言的相似度、老师的指导、学习环境以及学习动机等方面。D 项符合文意，故答案选 D。【答案】 D15The writer is probably_.Aa language learnerBa language teacherCa newspaper journalistDan embassy official【解析】 根据文章第一段第一句话“During lectures
46、，my students often ask which is the most difficult language to learn.”并结合全文可推知，作者很有可能是一名语言教师。故答案选 B。【答案】 B.阅读七选五(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)Taking good notes is a timesaving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 16 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to whe
47、n you are studying for a test.Third, notetaking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 17 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that notetak
48、ing is a selective process. 18 The following methods may work best for you.Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.Write your notes in your own words. 19 Note any questions or ideas you ma
49、y have about what was said or written.As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记)When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 20 AUse words, not complete sentences.BThere are three practical notetaking methods.CYou must write your notes on separate paper.DOtherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.EYou will also want to develop your own m
