1、,Wine Training Program Level 1葡萄酒培训 - 1,Seeking fine wines 精心为您挑选优质进口葡萄酒,I Wine History II Definition of Wine III Types of wine IV Produce Process of Wine V Main Grape Varieties,I 葡萄酒历史 II 什么是葡萄酒 III 葡萄酒种类 IV 葡萄酒的酿造过程V 主要葡萄品种,Table of Contents 目录,Table of Contents 目录,VI 主要葡萄酒产国VII 旧世界与新世界VIII 酒标IX 波
2、尔多X 葡萄酒服务XI 葡萄酒品尝,VI Main Wine Countries VII Old World & New World VIII Wine Labels IX Bordeaux X Wine service XI Wine tasting,I Wine History I 葡萄酒历史,Wine History,Middle Asia Caspian Sea Mesopotamia,5000 BC,Ancient Egypt,2500 BC,Ancient Greece,1600 BC,Roman Empire,1000 BC,Gaul (France) Spain Germany
3、 Austria,400 BC-100 AD,1400-1600,South Africa Mexico Argentina,1769,California (USA),Australia New Zealand,1788-1819,葡萄酒历史,中东里海 美索布达米亚,公元5000前,古埃及,公元2500年前,古希腊,公元1600年前,古罗马帝国,公元1000年前,法国高卢 西班牙 德国 奥地利 葡萄牙,公元400年前至公元100年,公元1400-1600年,南非 墨西哥 阿根廷,1769,加利福尼亚（美国）,澳大利亚 新西兰,1788-1819,II Definition of Wine 葡
4、萄酒的定义,Ripe & Healthy Grapes 成熟健康的 葡萄 Crush the berries, release the juice and add yeast to the must.压榨浆果, 使果汁流出并把酵母加入混合物 Fermentation converts sugar into alcohol发酵把糖份转化为酒精 WINE IS FERMENTED GRAPE JUICE葡萄酒是经过发酵的葡萄汁,Fermented Alcoholic Beverage 发酵型酒精饮料,Fruit-based alcoholic beverages Eg: Wine水果酿制的含酒精饮
5、料 例如: 葡萄酒Grain or vegetable based alcoholic beveragesEg: Beer, Chinese rice wine, Sake谷类和蔬菜酿制的酒精性饮料例如：啤酒，中国黄酒，日本清酒,During the fermentation process, yeast converts sugar into alcohol and Co2 在发酵期间，酵母把糖份转化为酒精和二氧化碳,Distilled Alcoholic Beverage 蒸馏型酒精饮料,History: Mesopotamia 3500BC - First Distillation us
6、ed for perfume making历史: 美索布达米亚，公元前 3500年 第一次蒸馏用于香水的制造Distillation: Separation of liquids by evaporation蒸馏: 利用蒸发原理将液体分开Spirits: Distilled drinks produced by concentrating the alcohol present in a fermented liquid.烈酒: 利用蒸馏原理浓缩酒精度Liquors: Sweetened or flavored spirits利口酒: 加香和增甜的烈酒,A few distilled alco
7、holic beverages:Whisky Vodka Rum Tequila Brandy一些经过蒸馏得到的酒精性饮料:威士忌 伏特加 朗姆酒 龙舌兰酒 白兰地Tips： Cognac is a brandy produced exclusively in the Cognac region in France小知识： 干邑是法国干邑地区特产的白兰地,Distilled Alcoholic Beverage 蒸馏型酒精饮料,Summary 摘要,Alcoholic Beverages 含酒精饮料1) Fermented Alcoholic Beverages发酵型酒精饮料 2) Disti
8、lled Alcoholic Beverages 蒸馏型酒精饮料Wine belongs to fermented alcoholic beverages 葡萄酒属于发酵型酒精饮料,葡萄酒成分,含香物质 - (0.1%)色素和丹宁(红葡萄酒)-(0.3%) 酸-(1%)糖份-(0.1% 干 - 8% sweet甜)酒精-(餐酒10%, 加强葡萄酒20%) 水份-(80%-90%),注: 以上为重量的大约百分比,III Types of wine III 葡萄酒种类,葡萄酒种类（按生产工艺分）,香槟酒,加瓦,波特酒,雪利酒,红葡萄酒,白葡萄酒,玫瑰酒,汽泡酒,普通葡萄酒,加强葡萄酒,其他汽泡酒,
9、葡萄酒种类 （按用餐时上酒顺序 ）,餐前酒 (干雪利酒,香槟酒, 干白葡萄酒) 餐酒 ( 红, 白, 玫瑰葡萄酒 ) 甜酒 ( 贵腐酒, 冰酒, 钵酒 ,晚丰收葡萄酒) 餐后消化酒 ( 利口酒, 果渣酒 ),糖份,酒精,低,高,低,高,用餐开始,用餐结束,IV Produce Process of Wine IV 葡萄酒的酿制过程,V Grape Varieties 葡萄品种,Summary 摘要,8,000 grape varieties known in the world世界上目前已知的葡萄品种有8000种 1,000 grape varieties used for wine arou
10、nd the world世界上大约有1000种葡萄被制成葡萄酒 200 traditionally used in Italy 意大利大约使用200种葡萄 100 traditionally used in France 法国大约使用100种葡萄 50 traditionally used in Spain 西班牙大约使用50种葡萄 Grape variety, a major factor in the taste of a wine不同的葡萄品种，是影响葡萄酒品尝的主要因素,Main White Grape Varieties 主要白葡萄品种,White Grapes白葡萄品种 Chard
11、onnay / 莎当妮 Sauvignon Blanc / 白苏维翁 Riesling / 雷司令 Gewuztraminer / 琼瑶浆 Pinot Grigio / 灰皮诺 Viognier / 威格尼,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Native to Burgundy源于法国的勃根第地区 Now worlds most fashionable & famous white variety当今最流行，有名的白葡萄品种 Creamy and full-bodied 口感柔和饱满 White fruits and nutty flavor白色水果及干果味,Chardo
12、nnay 莎当妮,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Bordeaux, central Loire 波尔多，卢瓦尔河中部 Crisp acidity清新爽口偏酸 Fresh and aromatic清新果香芬芳 Citrus and Grassy柑桔及青草味,Sauvignon Blanc 白苏维翁,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Grown in Alsace, Germany, South Australia, Washington State, etc种植于阿尔萨斯，德国，罗纳谷地区, 南澳大利亚, 华盛顿 Versatile (dry, t
13、art wine to Sweet late-harvest wine)变化多样（可在口感较干到晚收型甜酒间变化） Floral and mineral flavor花香及矿物味 Naturally high acidity天然酸度高 A tremendous capacity to age可陈年,Riesling 雷司令,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Alsace, Germany, Austria 阿尔萨斯，德国，奥地利 Complex, generous 层次分明，特征丰富鲜明 Lychee, rose, spices, clove notes 荔枝，玫瑰、丁香
14、的辛辣味 Tropical Fruit & Cinnamon 热带水果味 & 肉桂味,Gewurztraminer 琼瑶浆,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Popular in Northern Italy盛产于意大利北部 Fruili and Veneto 福茹利、维纳图 Fresh and Aromatic 新鲜，芬芳 Light color 颜色偏淡,Pinot Grigio灰皮诺,Northern Rhne, Australia, California北罗纳谷, 澳大利亚, 美国加州 Prestigious Condrieu AOC有声望 的孔德里欧法定产地 P
15、each flavor桃子香 Very low acidity 酸度极低,Viognier 威格尼,White Grape Varieties 白葡萄品种,Main Grape Varieties 主要葡萄品种,Red varieties 红葡萄品种Cabernet Sauvignon -赤霞珠 Merlot -美乐 Pinot Noir-黑皮诺Gamay-佳美Shiraz (Syrah)-西拉子 Sangiovese-桑吉奥维 Nebbiolo - 尼比奥罗 Zinfandel -仙芬黛 Tempranillo-泰普妮洛,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,A classic
16、 Bordeaux grape 传统波尔多葡萄品种Full-bodied, tannic 酒体饱满，丹宁较丰富Very complex, long evolution 口味丰富， 陈年长Blackcurrant, violet黑加仑，紫罗兰,Cabernet Sauvignon 赤霞珠,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,A traditional Bordeaux grape传统波尔多葡萄品种Supple and round 口感柔顺，饱满Black and red cherry 黑色及红色樱桃Chocolate巧克力,Merlot 美乐,Red Grape Varietie
17、s 红葡萄品种,King of Burgundy勃艮第之王Cherry, raspberry 樱桃、覆盆子Spice notes 稍带辛辣Earthy complexities泥土气息A silky texture, little tannins 丝般柔滑，丹宁较淡,Pinot Noir 黑皮诺,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Grape used to make Beaujolais用来做宝祖利酒的葡萄 Light purple in color酒体呈浅紫色 Fruity and light in tannins果香浓郁, 口感柔和 To be drunk young趁年
18、轻时喝,Gamay 佳美,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Mostly grown in Rhne Region, France, Australia 主要种植于法国罗纳谷地区, 澳大利亚Rich black and red berry fruit, plum 丰富的黑色、红色浆果及李子味Game and spice complexity 丰富的野味及辛辣味Rich and full-bodied口感丰富，酒体饱满,Shiraz or Syrah 西拉子,Italys most common grape意大利种植最广泛的红葡萄品种Chianti基昂蒂用此葡萄酿制Brunel
19、lo di Montalcino蒙塔尔奇诺布鲁诺 Lightly fragrant wines酒香清淡A distinct bitter cherry taste独特的苦莓味Tight tannins 强烈的丹宁味,Sangiovese 桑吉奥维斯,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Piemontese grape (Italy)意大利皮特蒙地区的著名葡萄品种 Grape for Barolo & Barbaresco 酿制巴罗洛和芭芭罗斯克葡萄酒 Tannic, acidic and austere. 丹宁丰富、酸度适中、
20、深沉 Complex, full-bodied 酒体饱满，口味丰富 Better after more than 4 years aging 最好陈年4年以上,Nebbiolo 尼比奥罗,Mostly grown in California 主要种植于美国加州地区 Deeply concentrated berry fruit 浓缩的浆果味Jammy 果酱味Intriguing spice notes 独特香辣A big finish 回味极佳,Zinfandel 仙芬黛,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,Red Grape Varieties 红葡萄品种,The fine
21、Spanish variety 很好的西班牙葡萄品种 Rioja, Valdepenas 里奥哈、瓦蒂盆娜地区， Elegant and aromatic 优雅，芬芳,Tempranillo 泰普妮洛,VI Main Wine Countries 主要葡萄酒产酒国,Old World旧世界France法国 2* Italy意大利 1* Spain西班牙3*,New World新世界USA美国 4* Australia澳大利亚6* Chile智利 Argentina 阿根廷5* New Zealand新西兰 South Africa南非,*Top six producers in volume
22、产量前六名国家,(Southern hemisphere + USA) 南半球美国,(European Countries) 欧洲国家,VII Old World VS New World VII 旧世界VS新世界,Integrate more the soil and climate factors. “Terroir”更能在酒中结合土壤气候特征 Long tradition and history悠久历史和传统,Good visibility to the consumers客人容易理解 Main factor is the grape variety 主要根据葡萄品种 Consisten
23、t weather 相应气候,Difficult visibility to the consumers 客人不易理解 Lots of regulations很多规则,Too much standardization标准太多 Not been produced for long ageing 储存时间较短,Old world 旧世界,( European Countries 欧洲国家 ),( Southern hemisphere + USA南半球 美国 ),Pros 优点,New World 新世界,Cons 缺点,VIII Wine Labels 酒标,How to Read Wine L
24、abel 怎样解读酒标?,Winery 酒庄名Vintage年份Alcohol Level酒精含量Net Volume 净含量(Name of Wine)酒名,New World 新世界 Grape Variety葡萄品种Old World 旧世界 Appellation产地 Classification等级,Usual contents of a label 酒标里包含的内容,Sample from the New World 来自新世界的样标,S,Sample from the Old World 来自旧世界的样标,格拉夫列级酒庄,年份：1999,金狮堡,佩萨克-雷奥良产区,酒精度12.5
25、voL,酒庄装瓶,容量750ml,IX Wine Lists 酒单,IX Bordeaux 波尔多,1、波尔多闻名世界的原因 2、波尔多的主要产区 3、八大名庄,Medoc 梅多克,原产地（8大产区） 葡萄品种 数据 : （750种上等葡萄酒 16380 公顷种植面积 ） 历史,Grave 格拉夫,位置 特点,Puisseguin Saint-Emilion 普瑟冈 圣爱美侬,X Wine Service 葡萄酒服务,X Wine Service葡萄酒服务,Presentation of the wine list 介绍酒单Take the order without hesitation 确
26、认订单The client asks for recommendations客户要求推荐Recommendations offered 建议The client may doubt reinforce 客户也许置疑加强你的推荐Presentation of the wine 展示葡萄酒Open the wine bottle 葡萄酒开瓶Client tastes the wine 客人品尝葡萄酒Wine rejections 拒绝葡萄酒Precipitations & Sediments沉淀物Pouring sequence 斟酒顺序Glass refill and reorder 葡萄酒续杯
27、和加酒,Simply ask who is going to order the wine 简单询问哪位客人会点酒 The wine order is taken right after the order of the dishes点餐完毕后点酒 The client can : -either make his wine order without hesitation 客人会：毫不犹豫的点自己喜欢的葡萄酒 -or the client may ask for a recommendation 或者会要求服务员给与一定推荐,Presentation of the Wine List 介绍酒
28、单,Take the Order Without hesitations 客人自主点酒,Listen to the client carefully仔细聆听客人的需求Reformulate clearly his choice再清楚无误的重复他的选择You may congratulate him/her on the choice, especially in front of their guests你可以赞赏他/她的选择，特别是在他们的客人面前Never contradict him, respect his tastes 不要试图更改他的选择，尊重他的口味Never criticize
29、 a wine绝对不要质疑他点的葡萄酒,Recommendations 客人要求被推荐葡萄酒,Listen pro-actively and gather information 仔细聆听客人的需要，收集信息 Then give him a recommendation according to the dish and his budget.根据他的菜肴和预算，推荐相应的葡萄酒 Pay attention to the circumstances & season注意环境和季节的变化 Offer one or two recommendations, no more. Do not read
30、 the wine list！只提供一、两个建议，绝对不要照读酒单 Justify your choice briefly with a few words简短的介绍一下你的推荐,Recommendation tips 推荐小贴示,Traditional drinkers 经常饮用葡萄酒的客人Promote the characteristics of the region 强调葡萄酒的产地,Promote the grape variety 强调葡萄品种的不同,Region and appellation 产地 Vintage 年份,Grape variety 葡萄品种 Origin 产地,
31、( European clients 欧洲客人 ),( Southern hemisphere USA clients南半球 美国客人 ),New drinkers 刚开始接触葡萄酒的客人,What if the Client is in Doubt? 当客户犹豫不决时该如何做,Show him that you fully understood his request说明你完全理解他的需要Perhaps recommend him another wine或许可以向他推荐其他的葡萄酒 Most of the time, the client needs to be reassured 大多数
32、时候，客人需要你进一步肯定他的选择“To do so, tell him a few words about the vineyards, winemaker, recent wine tasting”接下来，向他介绍葡萄酒的酒园，酿造商，品酒辞.,Presentation of the Wine 出示葡萄酒,Show the bottle and label standing on the right hand side of the person who ordered站在点酒客人的右面，向他展示葡萄酒的瓶身和酒标 Never hold the bottle by the neck绝对不要
33、握酒瓶的瓶颈 Do not shake the bottle. Be gentle.不要摇晃酒瓶，拿放轻柔。Red wine should be served at room temperature红葡萄酒可以在室温品尝 White, rose and sparkling wines should be served chilled and put in an ice bucket between pouring白葡萄酒、玫瑰葡萄酒、汽泡酒饮用前都必须冷藏，余下的葡萄酒要连瓶放入冰桶保温,Open the Wine Bottle 葡萄酒开瓶,Always open in the presenc
34、e of the guest and never hide the label 当着客人的面开启葡萄酒，不要隐藏葡萄酒标 Do not turn your back to your customer 不要背对你的客人 Cut the foil below the neck with opener. Do not pierce the cork 用酒刀割开瓶封，不要刺穿软木塞 Bend the cork a little bit at the end to avoid making a noise拔出瓶塞底部时稍微弯曲一点，避免弄出噪音 Present the cork upon success
35、ful removal from the bottle. Do not leave the Capsule on the table 顺利开启葡萄酒后，不要把铝膜遗留在桌上,Give the Client a Taste of the Wine 客人品酒,Ask the guest who made the order to taste the wine请点酒的那位客人先试酒 Pour approximately one soup spoon worth of wine into the glass of the designated guest倒大约一汤匙的葡萄酒给指定的客人 Ensure
36、approval is given before you go on pouring点酒客人首肯后才为其他客人们侍酒,Wine Rejections 拒绝,Corkiness: If you smell mustiness or damp cardboard, then the wine is corked被橡木塞污染：如果有霉味或潮板纸的气味，说明酒已被污染Oxidation: Sometimes the wine can be oxidized, meaning it has been exposed to air过分氧化：葡萄酒和空气过分接触会被氧化,Precipitations & S
37、ediments 沉淀物,Sometimes, one can find Deposit of Crystals in white wines 在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。- Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀,Sediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged red & port wines. 有年份的红葡萄酒及 钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。 - Natural wine solids 葡萄酒中的天然固体物质- Need to be decanted 需要进行醒酒,Theses in no way affect the
38、wine quality 这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量,Precipitations & Sediments 沉淀物,Sometimes, one can find a deposit of crystals in white wines在白葡萄酒中，有时会碰到一些结晶状沉淀。- Tartaric Precipitations 酒石酸沉淀,Sediment can accumulate at the bottom of aged red & port wines有年份的红葡萄酒及 钵酒中会集结一些沉淀。 - Natural wine solids 葡萄酒中的天然固体物质- Should be d
39、ecanted 需要进行醒酒,These in no way affect the wine quality, nor the consumers health 这些都不会影响葡萄酒的质量,Wine Pouring Sequence 侍酒顺序,From the right hand side, pour the wine for ladies first, clockwise from the host, then for gentlemen in the same clockwise manner站在客人右边，女士优先，由主人开始顺时针方向，接下来再是男士，同样顺时针方向 The perso
40、n who tastes the wine should be the last person to be poured a glass最后才是主人的杯子 Twist the neck a little bit at the end of the pour侍酒完毕后稍微扭转一下酒瓶,Glass Refill and Reorder 续杯和加酒,Glass refill 续杯Make sure you refill the glass as often as possible and respond to any request to stop the refill你必须每次都尽可能的为客人续杯
41、，除非得到停止续杯的指令Recommend 2nd bottle or a new wine 加点第二瓶酒或再订其他新酒Always ask the host whether a 2nd bottle of the same wine is required or different type of wine is preferred when there is less than 1/4 bottle of wine left当少于1/4瓶酒时，应该询问主人是否还需要第二瓶或其他不同款的新酒,Role Play 角色扮演,At least two persons至少两个人: - The tr
42、ainer acts as a client 培训师扮演客人- The volunteer acts as the waiter 志愿者扮演侍者Follow the sequence of the wine service including bottle opening and wine pouring 演示侍酒服务的顺序包括开瓶和侍酒,XI Wine Tasting Techniques 品酒技巧,1) Appearance: Clarity, Brightness, Color and intensity 视觉：澄清度，亮度，颜色及深浅2) Nose: Intensity and Aromas 嗅觉：香气及浓郁程度3) Taste: Balance, flavors and length 味觉：平衡口味及留香,Thank you! 谢谢,
