1、第一部分 题型解读,专题一 语法填空,语法填空这个题型得分的高低完全取决于对语法知识的掌握程度以及对语篇情景的理解。本部分旨在通过对真题的分析,总结语法填空的命题特点,点拨解题技巧,明晰高分策略,剖析失分点,从而帮助考生利用二轮有效的时间高效复习,精准备考,达到一种语法融会贯通的效果。,命题特点,1.篇幅稳定,题材多样,体裁以记叙文和说明文为主,选材体现了“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”的宗旨。 2.加大了国际视野下的文化考查,对中国文化和中国成就选材力度加大。 3.命题中规中矩,语法点分布均匀,综合能力强,动词占多数,谓语和非谓语所占比重最大。 4.难点:长难句较多,容易干扰理解。,把脉近三
2、年浙江卷语法填空的考点,备注:上表中谓语动词、主谓一致含有情态动词和系动词。 通过上表可总结为: 1.四个必考点 谓语动词(动词的时态和语态)、非谓语动词、词形转换以及从句连接词。 (1)谓语动词必考一题,一般考查基础时态,如:一般过去时、一般现在时,或者是该时态的被动语态,有时会有两题。,(2)非谓语动词考一至两个题,但不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词各自最多只考一题。 (3)词形转换:形容词和副词的转换、动词和名词、名词与形容词的转换以及名词复数、反义词的转换等等。 (4)连接词 从句引导词指的是定语从句的关系代词和关系副词,名词性从句的从属连接词、连接代词和连接副词以及状语从句的连词。
3、但是考查得比较简单,只要搞清从句的基本用法大体都能做对。 前三个考点语法填空以给出提示词的形式进行考查。,2.四个常考点 冠词(a/an,the)、介词、代词以及形容词和副词的比较等级。 3.五个可考点 助动词、并列连词、名词的格、特殊句式(倒装、强调和省略)以及语境填词(根据逻辑关系判断答案)。,解题策略,真题诊断,专项训练,内容索引,考点突破,解题策略,1.通读全文,了解大意,把握情节,理清逻辑 快速浏览全文,尤其要认真阅读文章首句,把握文章大意和作者的写作意图并确定总体时态。 2.分析成分,边读边填,看句答题,避难就易 (1)据搭配,知答案 熟记词语的搭配。根据搭配,可以比较容易地在文章
4、中找出隐藏的提示。此外,一些固定的句式结构也可以帮助考生直接锁定答案。,(2)析成分,定词性 作表语(系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或补语(表性质状态)时,通常用形容词。 修饰形容词或动词,作状语,用副词。 提示词是形容词或副词,空前或空后若是有表示比较等级的标志词,则用所给词的比较级或最高级形式。 在指示代词、形容词性物主代词或者“冠词(形容词)”后,用名词。,作主语,或在及物动词、介词后作宾语,前面有形容词修饰,通常填名词,并注意单复数形式。 需要根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系判断的,有可能是词义转换题。词性不一定要变,有可能考查与词根意义相反的派生词,需要在词根前加un-,im-,in-等前
5、缀,或在词根后加-less等后缀。,(3)依语法,定答案 由特殊的句式结构来判断空白处应填的词。 A.若结构较完整,并且空白后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,则很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。 B.由倒装句式判断,可能填构成倒装条件的only,so,neither,no,never,hardly,seldom,not until,had等。由it is.that/who.强调结构判断,可能填that或who。,C.由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断空白处是否填it。 D.由“the比较级.,the比较级.”结构判断是否填比较级
6、。 如果句子不缺主语或表语,动词后又不缺宾语,则在名词或代词前面填介词。 若空白后为形容词的最高级,则很可能是填定冠词。 名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词),则很可能是填限定词。 如果空白处所在的句子是一个主从复合句,可能需要填关联词。,3.首尾兼顾,上下通气,分析语境,攻克难题 该步骤主要解决第二步中遗留的问题,比如根据上下文逻辑填连词、用所给动词的正确形式填空等。 4.重读全文,仔细核查,语法正确,语意贯通 做完题后,将全文仔细审读一遍,在确保文章意义通顺的前提下,检查所填词语的形式是否正确,复查:拼写、书写、大小写。,真题诊断,【1】(20186月浙江) Few p
7、eople I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese 56. (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners 57. come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58. can be to eat out.I still remember (visit) a friend whod lived here for five
8、years and I(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.,答案,解析56,解析57,解析58,解析59,解析60,dishes,who/that,it,visiting,was shocked,语篇解读,56.解析 考查名词复数。中式菜肴有很多种,故此处用dish的复数形式。,57.解析 考查定语从句的关系词。先行词是westerners(西方人),用who或that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语。,58.解析 考查代词。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to eat out。,59.解析 考
9、查动名词作宾语。remember doing sth. 意为“记得做过某事”。,60.解析 考查时态和语态。根据后面的learnt可知,此处说的是过去的事,故用一般过去时;而I与shock是被动关系,故用被动语态。,语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,其主题是“人与社会”。做中式菜肴很麻烦,出去吃是一种选择,但出去吃有代价:一是花费增多;二是面临体重增加的问题。作者建议我们要尝试自己做饭,这样做不仅对自身健康有好处还能节约开销。素材的选择旨在让考生锻炼动手能力,形成健康的生活方式,培养考生正确的消费观。,解析64,While regularly eating out seems to 61. (bec
10、ome) common for many young people in recent years,its not without a cost.The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be 62. (afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even 63. (high) cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the
11、increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64. (weigh) problems.,答案,解析61,解析62,解析63,解析62,解析63,have become,affordable,higher,weight,61.解析 考查时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知,用现在完成时,说明造成的结果或影响。,62.解析 考查词形转换。根据前面的be可知,此处是系表结构,应用形容词;根据“eating out once or twice a week”并结合常识可知应是“付得起(affordable)”。,63.
12、解析 考查形容词的比较级。“副词even比较级”表示“更”,强调程度。,64.解析 考查词形转换。此处应用名词作定语修饰problems,weight problems意为“体重问题”。,If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home 65. dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the e
13、ffects not only on your health but in your pocket.,for,答案,解析65,65.解析 考查介词。go to your mums home for dinner去你妈妈家吃饭。for表示目的,意为“为了要,为了得到”。,【2】(20176月浙江) Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56. (carrot) and was about to throw them away.But some
14、thing made her look closer,and she noticed a 57. (shine) object.Yes,there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.,carrots,语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。丢失多年的钻戒竟然在主人打理花园时不经意地出现了。这多么令人激动啊!,shiny/shining,答案,解析56,解析57,语篇解读,56. 解析 考查名词的复数形式。a handful of一把,几个,后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carr
15、ots几个胡萝卜。,57.解析 考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。空格处修饰名词object,故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining,意为“闪闪发光的”。,Pahlsson screamed 58. loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt 59. (I),” says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 60. (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61. (cook) a meal.When s
16、he wanted to put the ring back on later,it was gone.She suspected that one of her three daughtersthen ten,eight,and sixhad picked it up,but the girls said they hadnt.Pahlsson and her husband 62. (search) the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.“I gave up hope of finding my ring again
17、,” she says.She never replaced it.,答案,解析59,解析60,解析61,解析62,so,myself,earlier,to cook,解析58,searched,58.解析 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,so与后面的that构成句型so.that.,意为“如此以至于”。so修饰副词loudly。,59.解析 考查反身代词。句意为:她原本以为我伤到了自己。,60.解析 考查副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier意为“早在16年前”。,61.解析 考查动词不定式。莉娜当时摘掉钻戒的目的是为了做饭,故用动词不定式表目的。,62.解析 考查时态。该句中
18、but后的turned up使用了过去式,search是与之并列的谓语动词,故也应使用过去式。,Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63. (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,64. it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.For Pahlsson,its return was 65. wonder.,
19、答案,解析63,解析64,解析65,swept,where,a,63.解析 考查get done结构。get swept被扫掉。,64.解析 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,空格处所在的句子是定语从句,修饰前面的先行词the garden,且从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导该定语从句。,65.解析 考查冠词。a wonder一个奇迹。,考点突破,考点一 提示词为动词 动词在7个提示词中所占的比重最大,一般4个;以考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词以及词形转换为主。 .动词的时态和语态 若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词,
20、就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致,有时还需考虑虚拟语气。,考向一 有提示词,(一)四步巧定考点:,(二)高分五技巧: 1.慧眼锁定标志词 典例1 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.(2018全国) started 考查时态。由2005可知事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时,故谓语动词用star
21、t的过去式started。,2.上下文中找线索 典例2 While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.(2018全国) is 本文讲述跑步的好处,用的是现在时态,再根据空白处前面的cant make和says可知,此处讲述的是客观事实,因此用is。,典例3 Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen,check
22、ing every corner,but turned up nothing.(20176月浙江) searched 该句的主语为“Pahlsson and her husband”,宾语为“the kitchen”,也就是说,提示词在句中作谓语。but后的turned up使用了一般过去时,search是与之并列的谓语动词,所以也应使用一般过去时。句意为:Pahlsson和她丈夫找遍了厨房,查找了每一个角落,但是什么也没找到。,3.固定句式巧利用,主从一致要留意 典例4 It was the first time in a year and a half that I (see) the n
23、ight face to face. had seen This/It/That was the first/second/third/.time that.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用过去完成时。,4.巧辨逻辑定语态 典例5 So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals
24、at the 600-acre centre. was allowed 分析句子结构可知,空格所在句中没有谓语动词,故空处应填谓语动词。前句的谓语动词是was,根据时态一致的原则,后句的时态也应用一般过去时,I与allow之间为动宾关系,即“我被允许接近这些可爱的动物”,应用一般过去时的被动语态。 ,5.主语细分辨,一致不再难 典例6 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. is 分析句子结构可知,该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things
25、until tomorrow”,所给动词作谓语。动名词作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,且根据句意可知,这是在陈述客观事实,故时态为一般现在时。故填is。不要受things的影响而误填are。,.非谓语动词 1.若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,则要考虑作非谓语动词,此时需要注意三点:一是需要哪一种非谓语动词(一般来说,v.-ing形式表示主动、进行;v.-ed形式表示被动和完成;不定式表示尚未发生的动作);二是提示词和逻辑主语的关系;三是一些和非谓语动词相关的固定结构,比如include doing.;be about to do.;be likely to do.等等。,典例7 S
26、oon after,I was on my way to the show, (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile. carrying “I was on my way to the show”是一个完整的句子,也就是说carry在句中作非谓语动词,此外 carry和其逻辑主语“I(也就是句子的主语)”是主动关系,所以用现在分词,作“I was on my way.”的伴随状语,表主动。,变式训练 Soon after,I was on my way to the show and (carry) a fancy black handb
27、ag and a happy smile. carried 由空格前的and可知,该空和主语“I”之后的“was”是并列关系,作I的谓语,时态与was保持一致,所以应该用一般过去时。,典例8 Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs. to create 分析句子结构可知,空格所在句已有谓语动词combine,且不与combine作并列谓语,故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语,故填to create。,2.要注意掌握常见句式,记准、用对句中的动词形式 典例9 When
28、 a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day;at the same time,they warm up again for the night. to cool 考查动词不定式的用法。beadj.enoughto do sth. 是固定结构,意为“足够,能够做某事”。结合空格前的cold enough可知后面应使用动词不定式。故填to cool。,.词形转换 典例10 Magically,that show rem
29、ains the Great Jasons best (perform) to this day.(201610月浙江) performance 前有名词所有格和形容词修饰,所以用名词形式,和前面的“that show”在数上保持一致,所以用单数形式。 典例11 I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area,leaving him with a (surprise) smile.I settled down in the darkness,and the curtains opened.(201610月浙江) surpri
30、sed 由语境可知,他不知道我来看他,所以感到很惊讶,所以用surprised描述父亲的感受,surprised smile意为“惊讶的笑容”。考生很容易写成surprising,认为其修饰的词smile为表示物的名词。,变式训练 While there are (amaze) stories of instant transformation,for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. amazing 此处修饰sto
31、ries,要用形容词,故填amazing。但是,考生很容易写成amazed,造成失分,因为amazing意为“令人惊讶的”,amazed意为“感到惊讶的”。换言之,现在分词转换的形容词常常修饰事物,过去分词转换的形容词常常修饰人或者与人有关的事物。横线后面是名词stories,表示事物,说明应该使用现在分词转换的形容词amazing。,考点二 提示词为形容词或副词,典例12 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years (long) than non-runners.(2018全国
32、) longer 根据空白处之后的than可知,此处用long的比较级longer。 典例13 A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.(2018全国) actually 修饰动词用形容词actual的副词形式actually。,考点三 提示词为名词:名词的数与格 典例14 Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlss
33、on pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.(20176月浙江) carrots carrot 为可数名词,前有a handful of(一把)修饰,用复数形式。,考点四 提示词为代词提示词为代词时,一般考查人称代词变为物主代词,主格变为宾格,有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。 典例15 On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother. its 根据空格后
34、的名词及上文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。,考点一 填代词 无提示词的考查中,当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括不定代词以及it的用法。 典例1 Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said was a wonderful holiday destination. it 从空后的a wonderful holiday destination可知,这个地方就是Mi
35、ami,用it指代前面提到的地点。,考向二 无提示词,考点二 填介词 如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。 典例2 I was searching these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.(2018全国) for 此处意为“我当时正在搜寻西部低地的这三只大猩猩”。search for 为固定搭配,意为“搜寻”。,典例3 After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before
36、 going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.(2017全国) in 关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。,考点三 填冠词 空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空格处一般是填冠词。 典例4 Trust me,when youre hungry you figure out pretty fast what it takes to down(咽下) me
37、al with these utensils. (2018湖北八校联考) a 这里meal为可数名词,单数,非特指。故填a。,考点四 填连词 1.填并列连词 当空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等,而且相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系等时,那么空格处一般是填并列连词。 典例5 The event will make Lanzhou beef noodles famous not only across Lanzhou, across the world. but 句意为:这件事将使兰州牛肉拉面不仅在兰州著名而且在世界各地都有名。not only.bu
38、t (also).不但而且,故填but。,2.填从句连词 当空格后为句子,而此句子又不与前面或后面的句子并列时,一般是填从句连词,包括定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句的引导词。 典例6 Researchers who came from many countries traveled through the Taklamakan Desert, is now in Xinjiang,to explore ancient sites along the Silk Road.(2018金华名校统练) which 分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Taklamakan D
39、esert,且设空处在从句中作主语,故填which。,专项训练,.语法填空有提示词专练 (2017全国改编) She looks like any other schoolgirl,fresh-faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas 1. (be) looking forward to the challenge of 2. (she) new A-level course.But unlike her school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 3. (rest).Instead,she
40、 is earning 6,500 a day as a model in New York.,is,her,resting,语篇解读 文章介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉,她不仅学习成绩好,长得漂亮,而且是一个收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业,但是她以学业为重,坚持学业和工作两不误。,答案,解析1,解析2,解析3,语篇解读,1.解析 考查时态和主谓一致。提示词为be,句子缺少谓语动词,主语为Sarah Thomas,根据上下文(looks;is not.)的时态可知,此处应该用一般现在时,故填is。,2.解析 考查代词。提示词为代词,在句中作定语修饰名词course,所以
41、用she的形容词性物主代词her。,3.解析 考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词。 spend time doing sth. 是固定句式,意为“花费时间做某事”。,Sarah 4. (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel,5. (earn) a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44,wants her 6. (give) up school to model full-time. But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along wit
42、h top models,wants 7. (prove) that she has brains as well as 8. (beautiful). She is determined 9. (carry) on with her 10. (educate).,答案,解析6,解析7,解析8,解析9,解析10,解析5,解析4,has been told/was told,earning,to give,to prove,beauty,to carry,education,4.解析 考查时态和语态。提示词为动词,句中缺少谓语动词,根据语境,萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超级名模,此处可以
43、用现在完成时或一般过去时。,5.解析 考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词,从句中已有谓语动词could be,由此可以判断,此处用非谓语动词。分析语境可知,earn 的逻辑主语就是从句的主语she,在句中作结果状语,故用现在分词形式。,6.解析 考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词,句中已有谓语动词wants,这里是want sb. to do sth. “想让某人做某事”,所以用动词不定式作宾补。,7.解析 考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词,句中已有谓语动词wants,want to do sth. 为固定结构,意为“想做某事”,故用动词不定式作宾语。,8.解析 考查名词。提示词为形容词,as well as
44、为连词,前后成分应该一致,所以该空应该和前面的brains一致,用名词形式,在这里beauty为抽象的概念,没有复数形式。,9.解析 考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词,be determined to do sth. 为固定结构,所以用动词不定式作宾语。,10.解析 考查名词。前面有形容词性物主代词her修饰,故用educate的名词形式education,且education是不可数名词,故用其原形。,解析11,She has turned down several 11. (invite) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her stud
45、ies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before 12. (go) to university to get a degree in 13. (engineer) or architecture.,答案,解析12,解析13,invitations,going,engineering,11.解析 考查名词。提示词为动词,前有several作定语修饰,故此处需要一个名词,而且invitation是可数名词,前面有several修饰,故用其复数。,12.解析 考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词,she与go之间是
46、主动关系,所以用“连词现在分词”形式作状语。所以用going。,13.解析 考查名词。提示词为动词,前有介词in,后跟表示某个专业的名词,和后面的architecture的形式一致,所以用engineering。,Sarah says,“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment,school 14. (come) first.I dont want to get too 15. (absorb) in modeling.It is 16. (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a li
47、ttle 17. (real).I dont want to have nothing else 18. (fall) back on when I cant model any more.”,答案,解析14,解析15,解析16,解析17,解析18,comes,absorbed,certainly,unreal,to fall,14.解析 考查动词的时态。根据at the moment(现在)可知,这个句子用一般现在时态,而且主语school是单数,故用comes。,15.解析 考查形容词。提示词为动词,在系动词后用形容词形式。be absorbed in为固定用法,意为“忙于,专注于”。,1
48、6.解析 考查副词。提示词为形容词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun。,17.解析 考查形容词。提示词为形容词,根据语境可知,这里表达的意思为:模特表演确定很有趣,但是这种生活方式有点不真实。所以用反义词。要注意but的用法。,18.解析 考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词,在句中作定语修饰nothing,fall的逻辑主语就是句子的主语I,故用动词不定式to fall。,解析23,.语法填空无提示词专练(每空限一词) (2017全国改编) In 1863 19. first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers 20. allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above 21. they travelled to and 22. work.23. took three years to complete and was built using 24. interesting method.This included digging up the road,,