1、考点二 代词和介词,第一部分 语法突破,考向研究 近几年高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上，特别侧重对替代词it、不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等用法上。对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语。,代 词,介 词,跟踪训练,栏目索引,代 词,技 法 口 诀 1,李代桃僵说代词， 准确定位巧解题； 基础用法费心记， 前后指代不偏离。,1.人称代词第三人称的主格(he，she，it，they)与宾格(him，her，it，them)常指代前文或后文出现的人或物。当提示词为人称代词的主格时需考虑是否变为宾格。 2.形容词性物主代词(my，your，hi
2、s，her，its，our，their)在句中作定语，常表示物体的所属；而名词性物主代词(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs)在句子可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不可以作定语。 3.反身代词(myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves)表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。,技法点击,4.不定代词的用法 (1)both，either，neither都强调两者，可作主语、宾语和定语。neither表示“两者都不”；either表示“两者中任
3、何一个”；both表示“两者都”。 (2)all和none都强调三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而none表示“全部都不”。 (3)another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”；the other意为“(两者中的)另一个”；other意为“其余的，另外的”；others泛指其余的人或物。,5.替代词that，those，one，ones (1)that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，表特指，其复数形式为those。 (2)one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，表泛指，其复数形式为ones。 特别提醒： 1.若文中出现代词，它所代替的词一定存在于前文或后文
4、的某处，要注意它们的前后一致性。 2.当主语和宾语是同一人或同一物时，宾语常用反身代词。,1.A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily，preferably . (2018江苏扬州中学检测),答案,解析,解析 句意为：孩子应该每日食用肉类或蛋类，最好两种都吃。根据语境判断是“两者都”，故填both。,both,2.When we think about our daily habits and how affect the environment，we focus on how much water and electricit
5、y we use. (2018宁波模拟),解析 此处they指代上文提到的复数名词our daily habits，且作主语。,they,过关检测,3.The manager found Mr Wangs details in the bag and telephoned him immediately by (he).(2018浙江名校联考信息卷一),答案,解析,解析 句意为：经理在包里发现了王先生的详细资料，立即亲自给他打了电话。by oneself 亲自，为固定搭配。,4.Equipped with modern facilities，todays hospitals are quite
6、 different from of the past.,解析 用those指代上文中出现的复数名词hospitals，故填those。,himself,those,5.In Zhangjiajie area，Huanglongdong and Longwangdong are caves known for many natural rock formations and (they) underground cataracts(急流).(2018内蒙古包头一模),答案,解析,解析 根据后面的名词cataracts可知，这里用they的形容词性物主代词their。,6.These vario
7、us functions of the solar term have strengthened (it) position as a form of intangible cultural heritage.(2018浙江考前冲刺卷二),解析 句意为：节气多样化的功能巩固了其作为一种非物质文化遗产的地位。设空处在此作定语，修饰position，故填形容词性物主代词its。,their,its,技 法 口 诀 2,it小词不简单， 形式主、宾它承揽； 固定结构常出现， “爱恨”之后再牵连。,1.it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代不定式、动名词或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。 2.it常用于
8、一些固定搭配中：make it成功，赶上；take it easy别紧张；I cant help it我没有办法；when it comes to.当谈到；it is no wonder that.难怪等。 3.表示“喜欢，恨”等心理方面的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it再接从句，这类动词有：like，love，enjoy，hate，appreciate等。 4.介词后不跟that从句(少数介词除外)，需要先接it再接that从句。,技法点击,1.Many people in tropical regions eat this fruit every day in the afternoon du
9、ring summer to protect themselves from heatstroke(中暑).In China，you will find sold in almost every street during the summer season.(2018浙江新高考名校联考信息卷),答案,解析,解析 空格处指代上文中的this fruit，故填it。,it,2.And yet，in todays world， is often easy to forget that family and friends are actually basics.(2018山东聊城一模),解析 句中
10、不定式短语to forget.作真正的主语，用it作形式主语，故填it。,it,过关检测,3.All these noises made impossible for me to go on with the work.,答案,解析,解析 句中不定式to go on with the work作真正的宾语，空格处为形式宾语，故填it。,4.I hate when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.,解析 动词hate后跟从句时，先接it再接从句。,it,it,5.When comes to making a lon
11、g-term change，fun is fundamental. (2018内蒙古呼和浩特一模),答案,解析,解析 when it comes to.为固定搭配，意为“当谈到时”。,6.You may rely on that he will come on time.,解析 介词后不直接跟that从句，需要先用it作形式宾语再接that从句。,7.However，as the teacher puts ，our attitude，our willingness and our action will make the impossible possible.(2018浙江考前冲刺卷四),解
12、析 考查代词。as sb. puts it是常用句型，意为“正如某人所说的”。,it,it,it,8.There is still a copy of the book in the library.Will you go and borrow _? No，Id rather buy in the bookstore.(2018北京101中学一模),答案,解析,解析 it特指上文提到过的具体的某物；one指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个，是泛指。第一空指的是图书馆的那本书，指的是同一本书，故填it；第二空指的是去书店买本新书，故填one。,it,one,介 词,技 法 口 诀,介词搭配比较活，
13、日积月累只为多； 语境理解来相助， 轻松解决不啰嗦。,1.介词在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下几种情况： (1)介词与名词的搭配 by chance/accident偶然；on business因公出差；on average平均；in charge掌管；in place适当的；at a lower price以更低的价格；at the same time同时 (2)介词与形容词的搭配 be curious about对好奇；be popular with受欢迎；be absent from缺席；be concerned about担心,技法点击,(3)介词与动词的搭配 care about介意，在
14、乎；exchange.for.把换成；laugh at嘲笑；go back to追溯到；focus on集中 2.注意以下几点： (1)by后可接交通工具类名词，名词前不用冠词。 (2)against可表示“反对”“以为背景”“倚靠着”等意。 (3)with可表示“随着”，注意和连词as的区别。 (4)“of名词”相当于形容词的用法。 (5)“降低/增加了”用介词by；“降低/增加到”用介词to。,1.By good management，she managed to send Henry to school and supply him，for the most part， books he
15、 needed. (2018浙江联盟校第二次联考),答案,解析,解析 此处指亨利的母亲给他提供大部分他需要的书。supply sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物，是固定搭配。,with,过关检测,2.Opening dates keep changing，and ending dates partly depend _ the weather.(2018台州三区适应性考试),答案,解析,解析 depend on/upon意为“取决于”，是固定搭配。,on/upon,3. Aug 1,2017，Beijing introduced a new tourism regulation to
16、improve the operation and management of minsu.(2018辽宁大连一模),解析 表示“在2017年8月1日”，用on，注意句首首字母大写，故填On。,On,4.Drinking green tea reduces the risk of some types of cancer in Chinese men and women nearly sixty percent.(2018河南中原名校二模),答案,解析,解析 句意为：喝绿茶使中国男性和女性患病的几率降低了60%。表示“降低了”用by。,by,5.Shared bicycles are brin
17、ging cycling back peoples lives and they are making public transport more attractive.(2018山西高三考前训练),答案,解析,解析 句意为：共享单车正在把自行车运动带回人们的生活。bring sth. back to.“让某物重新回到”是固定搭配，故填to。,to,6.Many local residents welcome the shared bikes the flexibility and freedom they offer.(2018浙江三地质检),解析 for在此处作介词，表示“因为”。,for
18、,跟踪训练,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,1.Many people can follow (he) example and make achievements. (2018河北保定期末调研),解析 follow ones example以某人为榜样，故填he的形容词性物主代词his。,his,答案,解析,2.Some festivals in China are closely associated the solar term. (2018浙江原创冲刺卷),解析 句意为：中国的一些节日与节气紧密相关。be associated with
19、与相关，是固定用法。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,with,答案,解析,3.Star skater Wu Dajing won Chinas first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games breaking the world record in short track mens 500m.(2018北京石景山一模),解析 by doing sth. 为固定搭配，意为“凭借/通过做某事”，根据句意可知填by。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,
20、15,by,答案,解析,4.Next，ask (you) whether you are looking for a plant with beautiful green leaves or a flowering plant.(2018温州适应性考试),解析 根据下文的you可知，此处主句中隐藏的主语是you，故这里要填反身代词yourself/yourselves。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,yourself/yourselves,答案,解析,5.Kids who use media in unhealthy ways may have pro
21、blems _ relationships，conduct and other emotional symptoms，lead author of a US new study warned.(2018山东德州一模),解析 此处表示在人际关系、行为和其他情感症状方面有问题。指“在方面”用介词with/in。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,with/in,答案,解析,6.Sometimes seems to bother the teacher that all the students are being too quiet.(2018北京朝阳区一模改
22、编),解析 句意为：有时候，所有的学生都太安静似乎也会让老师苦恼。此处it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,it,答案,解析,7.“To be honest， was hard to imagine it was ever a desert at all，” he says.(2018山东泰安一模),解析 句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为to imagine it was ever a desert at all。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,it,答案,解析,8.I wo
23、uld appreciate if you could come to the scene in person.,解析 appreciate后先接it再接从句。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,it,答案,解析,9.It is being repaired transportation and safety purposes. (2018山西六校联考),解析 句意为：为了运输和安全的目的，它正在被修理。表示“为了”，填for。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,for,答案,解析,10.Consequently，te
24、legrams，letters and telephone calls all over the country poured in.(2018陕西宝鸡二模),解析 句意为：因此，来自全国的电报、信件和电话蜂拥而来。表示“来自”用from。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,from,答案,解析,11.Mulans characteristics，such as courage，kindness and a disinterested attitude towards fame and fortune，made (she) one of the most
25、respected historical Chinese heroines. (2018广东深圳一模),解析 此处作make的宾语，应用she的宾格形式，故填her。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,her,答案,解析,12.The meal itself was not so good was boringly brownincluding the vegetables.(2018北京朝阳区一模),解析 句意为：这顿饭本身就不太好吃所有的东西都是清一色令人倒胃口的褐色，包括蔬菜。故填everything。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
26、,12,14,13,15,everything,答案,解析,13.They say most people need seven to nine hours of sleep each night.Less than that can influence mental and physical abilities. (2018新疆一模),解析 第二句句意为：少于那些时间可能既会影响(他们的)精神能力又会影响身体能力。both.and.“两者都；既又”。根据语境，故填both/their。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,both/their,答案,解析,
27、14.In a Weibo post，he thanked netizens for (they) love and praise. (2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模),解析 此处指代netizens修饰名词“love and praise”，应用形容词性物主代词，指“他们的爱和表扬”，故填their。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,their,答案,解析,15.The company and the effect brought about did great good to our business in the market.(2018江苏泰州二模),解析 句中的it代指the company，it brought about为定语从句，先行词the effect作brought about的宾语，故后省略了关系词which或that。句意为：这家公司及其所带来的影响对我们的市场业务有很大的好处。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,13,15,it,
