1、Grammar and usageInversion,在疑问句中用倒装,Did you go to visit the Louvre?What do you know about van Gogh?,Conclusion,the predicateor part of it,When we use inversion, we put _ _before the subject.,Part A (P 41)Li Ming got to London and wrote an e-mail to his parents. Read what he wrote and under- line the
2、 inversions included in the text.,1. Aunt really enjoyed France and so did I.2. Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had forgotten our map in the room.3. Had you come with us, I think you would have enjoyed Europe too. 4. Is there anything special that I can bring yo
3、u?,倒装句分为两种，部分倒装和全部倒装部分倒装 将谓语的一部分提到主语之前全部倒装 将谓语的全部提到主语之前,部分倒装,1. 句首状语为否定副词或半否定副词的句子这类词或短语主要有:not, no, never, neither, nor, few, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, 等He did not like the painting. Neither did I.Neither am I impressed by the paintings no
4、r do I like them.Never in my life have I seen such wonderful pictures.Not a word did he say about his visit to the art museum.At no time during the tour was I bored.Seldom does he paint now.Hardly had I got to Amsterdam when it began to snow.,如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：It was not until he went abroa
5、d that he know the truth of the fact. 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。 Hardly any people having been invited went there.,部分倒装,Practice: Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. had I reached D. I had got to
6、 Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do,部分倒装,2. only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。Only on such a trip can you learn as much ab
7、out European artists. (介词短语)Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able (从句)to get happily back to work.,部分倒装,Practice: Only in this way _make progress in your English.A.you B.can you C.you
8、be able to D.will you able to Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able to D. was able to he,部分倒装,3. so(也)或so / such.that结构引导的短语放在句首So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. Li Ming enjoyed the museum. So di
9、d his grand- mother and aunt.So crowded was the art gallery that I could hardly move about.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.,部分倒装,Practice: I like sports and _ my brother.A. so does B. so is C. so can D. so likes The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and _.A.
10、 so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does so D. did Charlie so So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone couldC. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could,部分倒装,4. “Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。Not only does John
11、love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.Not only the mother but also the children are sick.not only.but also.连接主语时,不倒装。 Practice: _himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.A. Not was only he B. Not only heC. Not only was he D. Not only was,部分倒装,5. Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。Not until last week d
12、id they find the lost bike. (简单句)Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 复合句),部分倒装,Practice: Not until the early years of the 19th century _ know what heat is. A.man did B.man C.didnt man D.did manNot until I began to work _ realize how much time I had wast
13、ed.A. didnt I B. did I C. I didnt D. I,部分倒装,6. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。Many a time has John given me good advice.Often have we made that test.Practice: Many a time _ swimming alone.A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy,To su
14、m up 部分倒装,1. 句首状语为否定副词或半否定词副的句子 2. only + 状语放在句首 3. so(也)或so / such.that结构引导的短语放在句首 4. “Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型 5. Not until放在句首 6. 以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子 7.虚拟语气中省略if时,More practice: (Part B on P 41) Invert the following sentences using the structures with
15、negative words.1 I have never seen such beautiful flowers in the city.2 I do not have time to go to the museum today and I also do not want to.3 I had hardly started to look at the paintings, when the teacher said it was time to leave the museum.4 The artist is always drawing; he is seldom seen with
16、out a notebook in his hand.,1 Never have I seen such beautiful flowers in the city.2 Neither do I have time to go to the museum today and nor do I want to.3 Hardly had I started to look at the paintings when the teacher said it was time to leave themuseum.4 The artist is always drawing; seldom is he
17、 seen without a notebook in his hand.,全部倒装,1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。There stood a dog before him.There exist different opinions on this question.Practice: _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A. There stand; at B. There stands; under
18、C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at,全部倒装,2. “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主语“ 结构。Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.除了then引导的句子常用过去式,如果表示一种生动的 描述时则常用一般现在时。其次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:Here you are.There she comes
19、.,全部倒装,Practice: There _. And here _.A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she,全部倒装,3. 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装,且主语名词时In came Mr White.Up went the arrow into the air.Away went the boy. Practice: Out _, with a
20、 stick in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush _ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber downC. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped,全部倒装,4. “分词(代词such) + be + 主语“结构。Walking at the h
21、ead of the line was our teacher.Such was the story he told me.Practice: _, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.A. Einstein was such B. Such was EinsteinC. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going,全部
22、倒装,5. 表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时且主语名词时,要全部倒装。 On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playground.Practice: Near the church _ cottage.A. was such an old B. had a so oldC. was such old a D. is so an
23、old,全部倒装,6.句首为直接引语时“Id like to come back and see Monets garden,” said my aunt.“This,”said the artist, “is the most beautiful place I have ever seen.” 7.当主语较长，谓语很短时，为了使句子平衡把某一成分放在句首，主谓全部倒装。Gone are my friends from the cotton fields away.Present at the conference were General Manager, Vice-general Man
24、agers and 215directors.,To sum up,1. There be (exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand)结构. 2. “Here, There, Now, Then + come (be) + 主语“ 结构. 3.方向副词out, in, up, down等置于句首且主语名词时 4. “分词(代词such) + be + 主语”结构. 5.表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the ro
25、om等)放在句首时,且主语名词时 6.句首为直接引语时 7. 句子平衡,全部倒装,部分提前主谓不倒装,1.由as, however (no matter how), though和be 引起的让步状语从句主谓不倒装,只须把形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前提到as前,且单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。 Tired as he was, he kept on running.Try as I might, I couldnt lift the box.Child as he was, he could work out the problem.However hard I try, I c
26、ant understand the question.Close though the union of small particles is, we have found ways of breaking them.Be the rain ever so heavy, I will go there now.Practice: _, hes honest.A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he,2. 表示祝愿的句子中的May倒装May our country become prosperous and
27、 strong!,More practice,1._come to our country as today.A.Foreign guests who have neverB.Never so many foreign guests haveC.Never have so many foreign guestsD.The foreign guests arent ever2._that he could not speak for a long time.A.So frightened was he B.So frightened he wasC.Was he so frightened D.
28、Frightened was he 3.Many a time _good advice.A.gives me his B.he gives meC.I give him D.does he give me,4.Rarely_so difficult a choice.A.she could have faced with B.could have she faced withC.she could have been faced with D.could she have been faced with5.In a phycial change no new substance is for
29、med, _in the composition of mater.A.nor does any change take placeB.nor any change takes placeC.not any change takes placeD.either any change take place6.Only in a few countries_a reasonable standard of living.A.the whole of the population enjoyB.the whole of the population enjoysC.does the whole of
30、 the population enjoyD.has a whole of the population enjoy,7.Seldom_to come over to have a chat with him in those days.A.have I have time B.did I have timeC.I have time D.I have got time8.“Tomorrow will be Sunday.“ “_.“A.So it will B.So will itC.Either it will D.Either will it9.Little _that the dist
31、rict was very rich in resources.A.we suspectected B.we did suspectC.did we suspect D.do we suspect,10.The teacher is not too happy with the student, and _ is his father.A.not B.neither C.either D.so11.No sooner had they reached the station _ the train let.A.until B.when C.then D.than12.Under no circ
32、umstances and at no time _the first to use nuclear weapon.A.we are B.we will be C.were we D.shall we be,13._,he sat up late writing his book.A.As he was tired B.Tired though he wasC.Tired as was he D.It is bcause he was tired14.Never before that night_the extent of my own power.A.had I felt B.I felt
33、 C.did I feel D.I had felt15.Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of English grammar_writer in English correctly.A.you will B.can you C.you can D.you could,Language Focus,1.Neither am I impressed by the paintings nor do I like them.,V. im5pres留下印象be impressed by at, with被深深打动感动impress sth. i
34、n on ones memory使.铭记在心n. 5impres 印记, 痕迹, 特征the impress of ones personality一个人的性格特征Time has left its impress upon him.时代给他留下了痕迹。,2.reservation 7rezE5veiFEn n.保留, (旅馆房间等)预定, 预约我毫无保留地接受。 I accept without reservations!如果你想去听音乐会，你得（事先）预（票）,否则会没有票的。 If you want to go to the concert, youll have to make a reservation, or there will be no tickets.vt. reserve rI5z:v 保留；预订I have reserved a room for you at the hotel. 我已在旅馆为你预订了一个房间。,
