1、第二部分 语法专题突破,专题十四 复合句,（必考：每年1-3道，1-3分，单项填空、完形、短文填空）,命题点 1 宾语从句,命题点 2 定语从句,命题点 3 状语从句,郴州中考对复合句的考查主要集中在宾语从句（7年5考），少量涉及定语从句（2次）。大多在单项填空中考查，偶尔在完形填空和短文填空中涉及。多为对话，少量涉及单句。,命题点1 宾语从句,（2017.30,2016.29，2014.30，2012.35，2011.38，单项填空、完形）,郴州中考对宾语从句的考查分为以下角度：引导词+语序（2016.29）；语序（2014.30，2012.35）;语序+时态（2017.30）和引导词+to
2、 do（2011.38）。多在单项填空中考查，在完形,考法精讲,填空中只涉及过一次。题干多涉及Can you tell me.?; Do you know.?;Could you please tell me.?等。解答此类试题时，首先需要从语序着手，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，即：主语+谓语+宾语+其他；再根据答语判断引导词，答语为内容用what，为时间用when/what time，为地点用where，为原因用why，为方式用how等。,最后再判断时态，一般情况下，宾语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致，但是如果有明显的时间状语，要以时间状语来判断时态。 语序从句必须用陈述句语序, 即“引导词+
3、主语+谓语+其他部分”。如：,引导词,时态 宾语从句的时态应遵循以下三个原则： 1.需要性原则：主句是现在时,从句时态需根据句意。如： Do you know who knows/knew the answer?你知道谁知道答案吗？ 2.呼应性原则：主句是过去时,从句用过去的某种时态。如：,Kate said that she was shopping at this time yesterday. 凯特说她昨天这个时候在购物。 3.特殊性原则：从句表示客观事实、真理、自然现象,用一般现在时,主句时态根据句意。如： Miss Hu said that the earth goes around
4、 the sun. 胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。,疑问词+不定式 “疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词，包括疑问代词what, which 和疑问副词how, when, where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成了不定式短语，这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。如： I really dont know what to write about. 我真的不知道写什么。,I asked him how to learn English well. 我问他如何学好英语。 宾语从句中的否定转移 如果主句的谓语动词是think, guess, believe等动词，且接有否定含义的that宾语从句时，常将否
5、定词提前到主句中。如：I dont think that Alice is an American.我认为艾丽斯不是美国人。,湖南真题精选,B,1. (2017郴州30题)Do you know _?Oh, she lives in London.A. where does Jane liveB. where Jane livesC. where Jane lived,综合提升,2. （2016郴州29题）David, look at the man inblack over there. Can you tell me_?He is an engineer.A. who is he B. w
6、ho he is C. what he does 3. （2014郴州30题）Do you know _?A. why the earth goes around the sunB. why the earth go around the sunC. why does the earth go around the sun,C,A,4. （2012郴州35题）Excuse me, could youplease tell me _?Sorry, Im new here. I dont know the way,either.A. where is Suxian MountainB. where
7、 Suxian Mountain isC. Suxian Mountain is where,B,5. （2017长沙30题）Could you please tellme_?For two weeks.A. how soon he will be backB. how long he will be awayC. how long will he be away,B,6. (2017 张家界23题）Can you tell me _, Rose?Im not sure. Maybe he is in the classroom.A. where is Tom B. where Tom is
8、C. Tom is where 7. （2017怀化30题）Can you tell me _?A. what does the Belt and Road meanB. what the Belt and Road meansC. what will the Belt and Road mean,B,B,8.（2015永州26题）Could you please tell me_ next?A. how to do B. how to do it C. what to do it,B,2018预测,9. When you set out on your new journey, yousho
9、uldnt forget _ you came from.A. where B. what C. when,A,10. My father asked me_. I told him Ireally had fun.A. when will I go to the partyB. whether did I enjoy myself at the partyC. whether I enjoyed myself at the party 11. Im just wondering _ for my best friend Lindas birthday. Can you help me?A.
10、what to buy B. when to buy C. where to buy,A,C,12. What a lovely toy bear! Could you please tell me _?I bought it in the supermarket last week.A. where did you buy itB. you bought it where C. where you bought it,C,13. Excuse me, could you tell me _ about the local history and culture? Of course. You
11、 can check it on the computer. A. where can I get the informationB. what I got the informationC. where I can get the information,C,14. Could you tell me _ yesterday?Because it rained heavily.A. why you arrived lateB. why did you arrive lateC. why you arrive late,A,命题点2 定语从句 （2016.34，2014.29，单项填空）,郴州
12、中考对定语从句的考查在单项填空中涉及2次，主要考查关系词that的用法。均为对话形式。 解答此类试题时，掌握定语从句关系词的用法是关键。考生解答时可按照以下步骤：,考法精讲,根据定义定考点 在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）或关系副词（when, where, why）连接起来。定语从句前的那个被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。如: Chinese restaurant is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young
13、people.,主句：Chinese restaurant is a very relaxing TV program 从句：which is popular among the young people 先行词：TV program 关系代词：which 因此, 如果确定是考查定语从句, 我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项，如： what。,根据成分选连词 在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。 1. 一看指人还是物 先行词指人：that, who, whose, whom 先行词指物：that, which, whose 2. 二看句中作何成分,所作 成分,关系词,主语,who(人),wh
14、ich（物）,that（人/物）,宾语,who/whom(人),which（物）,that（人/物）,定语,whose（人/物）,状语,where(地点),when（时间）,why（原因）,如果从句中缺少主要成分, 补关系代词；如果从句中不缺主要成分, 补关系副词。,例1：My brother likes the stories _ were written by Mark Twain because they are often humorous. 先行词(the stories)指物, 关系词在从句中作主语,可用关系代词which/that。 例2：He is the boy _ I ta
15、lked with just now. 先行词（the boy）指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,可用关系代词whom/who/that。,例3：Whats the name of the girl _ father is a doctor？先行词(the girl)指人, 关系词在从句中作定语, 可用关系代词whose。 例4：I still remember the day _ our new school was built. 从句中不缺成分, 先行词（the day）指时间, 关系词在从句中作状语, 可用关系副词when。,3.三看是否属特殊只能用关系代词that的情况： （1）先行词是不定
16、代词 something, anything, everything, nothing, all, little, few, much, none, some等时。如： As we all know, all that can be done has been done. 众所周知, 所有能做的都已经做了。,（2）先行词被 the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。如： It is the only word that I dont know in the passage. 这是这篇文章里唯一一个我不认识的单词。 （3）当先行词既有人又有物时。如：
17、 The characters and events that the author described in his book are very interesting. 作者在他书里描写的那些人和事非常有趣。,（4）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰, 或先行词本身就是序数词时。如： This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city. 这是这座城市迄今为止所放映过的最好的电影。 （5）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如： Who is the man that is standing over ther
18、e? 站在那边的那位男士是谁？,湖南真题精选,15.（2016郴州34题）Which invention do you like best?QQ. It is an invention _ can helpus communicate with others online freely.A. what B. that C. who,B,综合提升,16.（2014郴州29题）What kind of music doyou like?I like music _ I can dance to.A. that B. who C. what 17.（2017岳阳28题）We should look
19、up to thosescientists _ sent Tianzhou-1 CargoSpaceship(天舟一号货运飞船) to space.A. which B. who C. what,A,B,18. (2016长沙29题)What are you doing, Tim?I am listening to the song Long Live _ makes me feel excited. A. which B. who C. / 19. (2016株洲27题)The watch _ you gaveme keeps perfect time. A. who B. what C.
20、that,A,C,20. Theaters may have a brighter future if they canprovide a movie experience _ people cannot get at home.A. that B. who C. what 21. Great changes have taken place in our city in thepast ten years. Everything _ comes into sightis so new to me.A. that B. which C. who,A,A,2018预测,22. Mr. Chen
21、is a teacher_ I want tolearn from. He is so knowledgeable andgood at teaching.I agree with you. His class is very lively.A. which B. when C. whom 23. What kind of TV shows do you prefer?I like the ones _ make me laugh.A. who B. what C. that,C,C,命题点3 状语从句,郴州中考对状语从句的考查是高频点，除2014年，每年多考查1道，2015年考查了2道，主要
22、考查从属连词词义辨析以及对if引导的条件状语从句和as soon as引导的时间状语从句的“主将从现”原则的考查。,（高频：除2014，每年1-2道，1-2分，单项填空、完形、短文填空）,考法精讲,在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句的时态一致问题一般有两种情况： 1. “主将从现”：主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。常见的使用“主将从现”原则的连词有： 表示时间的when, while, after, before, until, till, whenever, as soon as, as long as, once 等；,表示条件的if, unless, so long as,
23、 in case等。 2. “主祈从现”：若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词时，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。,24. _ the dinner was all over，everyone helped wash the dishes. A. If B. When C. Before 25. Will you please give the dictionary to Jane?Sure, Ill give it to her as soon as she _ here.A. is arriving B. arrives C. will arrive,B,B,综合提升,26. She was _ angry at what he was doing _ she walked out and closed the door heavily behind her.A. so; that B. such; that C. enough; to,A,
