1、Unit 4 Helping people around the world,知识清单,1 n. & vt. 缺乏 2 vt. 售得，卖得；取来，去拿来 3 vt.& n. 出口；出口品，输出品 4 n. 手段，方法 5 vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 6 n. 承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事 7 adj. 空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的 8 vt. 提醒，使想起,fetch,means,obtain,commitment,vacant,remind,lack,export,单词,(一) 基本单词,9 vi. 参考；谈及；咨询 n. 参考，参照 10 n. 描写，形容，说明 vt.
2、 描写，形容；画出 11 adj. 政治的， 政府的 n政治学，政治 n政治家 12 adj. 令人敬重的；值得的，有价值的 adj. 有价值，值钱,refer,reference,description,describe,political,politics,politician,worthy,worth,(二) 派生单词,13 n. 增加；添加 v. 增添，加 adj. 附加的 14 adj. 平等的；同等的 n. 平等的人；相等物 v. 与相等或相同 adv. 平等地 n. 平等 15 adj. 志愿的；自愿的 n. & vi. 志愿者；志愿 16 v. 购得；获得，得到 n. 获得，得
3、到；获得物,voluntary,volunteer,addition,additional,add,equal,equally,equality,acquire,acquisition,17 vt. & vi. 捐献，捐赠，捐助 n. 贡献；捐款，捐献物；投稿 18 vi. & vt. 扩大， 扩张，扩展；膨胀 n. 扩大，扩张，扩展；膨胀 19 adj. 急迫的，紧要的 n. 紧急 20 n饥饿；饿死 v挨饿，饿死,contribute,contribution,expand,expansion,urgent,urgency,starvation,starve,21 n个人财产；拥有，具有
4、vt. 拥有，具有 22 n. 助手，助理 n. 帮助，援助 v. 帮助，援助 23 adj. 多泥的，泥泞的 n. 泥巴，泥土 24 n. 人群 v. 挤满，塞满；使拥挤 adj. 拥挤的,possession,possess,assistant,crowd,assistance,assist,muddy,crowded,mud,1 谈及，提到；与相 关，涉及；查阅，参考 2 承担责任，担当；呈现 3 除以外(还), 此外 4 使(某人)察觉到 5 在的保护下，在的管理下,refer totake on in addition draw someones attention tounder
5、the umbrella of,短语,6 只要 7 出故障；抛锚 8 处于混乱状态 9 得到；抓住 10 让某人想起，提醒某人 11 回想 12 有作用(关系、影响),if only break down in chaos get hold of remind somebody ofthink back to make a difference,1. There are lots of worthwhile programmes like this under the umbrella of the UN that have helped millions of people across t
6、he world., 【句析】 此句是一个_句。,复合,句式,2. There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place., 【句析】 此句是一个_句。,简单,3. It reminded me of my time in Sudan, where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food., 【句析】 此句是一个_句。,复合,核心要点,1. lack v
7、. & n _,缺乏；缺少的东西,【归纳】 lack sth. 缺乏某物 lack for sth. 需求，需要(多用于否定句中) for lack of 因缺乏 (a) lack of 缺乏 no lack of 不缺乏 【拓展】 lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少,单词, _ is the biggest barrier to investment in the region.缺乏信心是在这一地区投资的最大障碍。 He is unable to do the job _ experience. 他缺少经验不能胜任这项工作。 We have _ wat
8、er here.我们这儿有充足的水。 His reception of us was _ warmth.他对我们的接待缺少热情。,Lack of confidence,for lack of,no lack of,lacking in,【运用】,2. equal v. _ n. _ adj. _,与相同或相等，等于；抵得上,同等的人；相等物,平等的；同等的；胜任的,【归纳】 be equal to sth./doing sth. (in .)(在方面)与相等；能胜任，能应付 equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上比得过，敌得过某人/物 (be) withou
9、t equal 无与伦比,【拓展】 equally adv. 相等地，相同地 equality n. 平等，同等；均等, Its reasonable to demand _. 要求同工同酬是合理的。 Im not _ physics.在物理方面我不是他的对手。 The two boys can _.那两个男孩能跳得一样高。 Democracy must _ opportunity between sexes.民主政治应该保证男女间机会均等。,equal pay for equal work,his equal in,jump equally high,ensure equality of,【
10、运用】,3. contribute v. _,捐献，捐赠(尤指款或物)，捐助；贡献,【归纳】 contribute (sth.) to . (把)贡献给；(向)捐款；投稿 contribute to . 促成；有助于 【拓展】 contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件 make contributions/a contribution to.对作出贡献, China has _ the development of the world.中国对世界的发展作出较大贡献。 He _ the China Daily.他为中国日报撰写了一篇文章。 Before closing I want to
11、 mention all those who _ so generously.在我结束讲话的时候，我想提一下所有慷慨捐赠给我们的人。 Drinking too much _ his ruin.酗酒促使他毁灭。,made a greater contribution to,contributed an article to,contributed to us,contributed to,【运用】,4. acquire v. _,购得；获得，得到，取得,【归纳】 acquire a knowledge of . 学会，获得知识 acquire a habit of . 养成的习惯 acquire
12、 a taste for . 开始喜欢上 【拓展】 acquisition n. 获得，取得，可得；获得物, She _ French.她学会了法语。 Gradually, she _ getting up early every day.渐渐地，她养成了每天都早起的习惯。 This is the latest _ my library.这本是我最近增添的藏书。,acquired a knowledge of,has acquired a habit of,acquisition to,【运用】,5. worthwhile adj. _,值得的，值得出力的, The teacher recom
13、mended some really worthwhile novels to his students.老师推荐给学生一些真正有价值的小说。 Is it worthwhile getting angry over such a trifling matter?为这点小事犯得着生气吗？ It isnt worthwhile to spend so much time on minor problems.在枝节问题上犯不着花这么多时间。,Its worthwhile doing /to do.,值得做某事,be worth n,be worth doing,值得，值,“某事值得被做”要用动名词的
14、主动形式表示被动意义。表示“很值得被做”用副词well修饰,辨析：worthwhile, worth, worthy,be worthy ofn,应得某物, be worthy of being done be worthy to be done,“某事值得被做”，接动名词时of 后要用动名词的被动式； 接不定式时，worthy后要用不定式的被动式。worthy 作定语时，表示“有价值的，值得尊敬的”,6. alternative adj. _ n. _,可供替代的,供选择的事物；选择对象,【归纳】 alternative ways/methods 各种供选择的方法 an alternativ
15、e to . 的替代品 have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 There is no alternative . 别无选择, Drivers are advised to seek _. 驾车者被告知需另寻其他路线。 He was faced with _ - death or submission.他面临两种选择-死亡或者投降。 Im afraid I _ report you to the police.恐怕除了向警方告发你以外，我是别无选择了。,alternative routes,two alternatives,have no al
16、ternative but to,【运用】,7. means n. _,手段，方法,【归纳】 a means of . 的方法 means of production/ transport/ communication 生产工具/运输工具/通信手段 by means of 用，依靠；通过 by all means 无论如何；千方百计地；当然可以(口语) by no means/not by any means绝对不；无论如何都不(用于句首，句子要倒装), Are there any _ there?有什么方法可以到那里吗？ The burglars entered the house _ a
17、ladder.窃贼用梯子爬进了这所房子。 _ the first time you have been late.这绝不是你第一次迟到。,means of getting,by means of,By no means is this,【运用】,means 是一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查。means 作主语时，前有every, each, one 等修饰语时，谓语用单数；前有several, some, many, few, all等修饰语时，谓语用复数。如： All possible means have been tried. Every possible means
18、 has been tried.,8. remind v_,提醒，使想起,【归纳】 remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that/whclause使某人想起；提醒某人, The film _ Paris.那部电影让我想起巴黎。 _ early tomorrow.明天早上提醒我早起。 He _ I must go home before 10 oclock.他提醒我10点以前必须回家。,reminded me of,Remind me to get up,reminded me that,【运用】
19、,1. refer to _,谈及，提到；与相关，涉及；查阅，参考,【归纳】 refer to sb./sth. 谈及某人/某事 refer to . as/ to be . 将称为 in reference to . 关于 with reference to 关于；和有关,短语, You can _ when you are speaking. 你发言时可以看稿子。 The teacher _ in my last letter has gone abroad. 我上次信中谈到的那位老师到国外去了。 English _ a universal language. 英语被称为世界语言。 I h
20、ave nothing to say _ that plan. 关于那项计划，我无可奉告。,refer to your notes,referred to,is referred to as,in reference to,【运用】,2. break down _,毁掉；坏掉；出故障；失败；破产；(身体) 垮掉；(化合物)分解；(计划等)受挫， 失败,【归纳】 break up 分解；拆散；破裂；结束 break in 闯入；打岔 break into 闯入；突然发出 break out 爆发；突然发生(战争、疾病等), break off 折断；中断 break through 突破；取得突
21、破 break away from . 挣脱开而逃走；与断绝关系, The Second World War _ in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。 We were driving half when the car _. 汽车抛锚时，我们正行驶了一半的路程。 At last the sun _ the clouds. 太阳终于穿云而出。,【运用】,broke out,broke down,broke through,3. draw someones attention to sth. _ 【归纳】 pay attention to 注意 focus o
22、nes attention on 把注意力集中在 catch/ attract ones attention 引人注意 bring sth. to ones attention 使某人注意,使（某人）察觉到,4. get hold of _ 【归纳】 hold back 缩回；阻止；抑制（感情等） hold on (电话) 别挂断；继续，持续；坚持住 hold on to sth. 抓住，固守 hold out 维持，保持；抵抗；抵御 hold up 举起；阻碍，使延误,得到，抓住,1. There are lots of worthwhile programmes like this und
23、er the umbrella of the UN that have helped millions of people across the world., 【句析】 此句是一个_句。that引导一个_从句，修饰_词_。,复合,定语,先行,programmes,句式,2. There is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place., 【句析】 此句是一个_句。现在分词making短语作_。,简单,结果状语, He dropped the glass onto the ground
24、, breaking it into pieces.他把玻璃杯掉到地上，结果摔碎了。 Football is being played in more than 180 countries, making it popular all over the world.一百八十多个国家的人们踢足球，使得足球 在全世界很流行。 breaking it into pieces和making it popular all over the world都作_，与句子的主干之间存在逻辑上的因果关系，往往带有必然性。,结果状语,如：He came back home, only to find a cat i
25、n the kitchen.他回到家，发现厨房里有只猫。,结果状语还可以使用动词不定式，常指出乎意料的结果。,3. It reminded me of my time in Sudan, where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food., 【句析】 此句是一个_句。where引导一个_从句，修饰限定_词_。从句中又含有一个as引导的_。,复合,定语,先行,Sudan,时间状语从句,巩固练习,in chaos, make a difference, remind.o
26、f., refer to, break down,. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空(每个短语限用一次)。,1. In drawing up the plan, they went to the library to _ many books. 2. Mr. Jackson has been keeping the photo of his family where he can see it everyday, as it always_ him _ what a happy family he has. 3. We have to walk or take a bus to your sc
27、hool today, because our car _ yesterday.,refer to,reminds of,broke down,4. Recycling electronic items _ so much of _. When everyone of us recycles one cell phone, thousands of tons of raw materials can be saved. 5. Linda hates it when the house is _ after the party, so she seldom holds parties in he
28、r house.,makes,a difference,in chaos,1. More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities _ space.Ain search of Bin place ofCfor lack of Dfor fear of,C,2. The island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.Apartly BmerelyCnearly Dequally,D,.
29、单项选择,3. Mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes _.Afavourable BpreciousCessential Dworthwhile,D,4. Mary, I_ John of his promise to help you. Atold BremindedCwarned Dadvised,B,5. Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?_. Ours is much stronger than theirs.AOf course BIt dependsCDont mention it DBy no means,D,
