1、Reading,The first underground in the world,Can you explain the word “transport”?Transport is a system built to carry people or goods to another place using vehicles, boats or airplanes.,How many means of transportation in former times do you know?,Discussion,Rickshaw,Sedan-chairs,Boat,Carriage,How m
2、any means of transportation in modern times do you know?,on wheels,With the development of science and technology, we travel on bikes, in cars, in trains or in planes. In a word, we move from place to place on wheels.,bicycle,motorbike,helicopter,Hot air balloon,car,ferry,tram,taxi,Reading,The first
3、 underground in the world,Skim the text and find the general idea of the passage.This article is a tourist brochure about how the London Underground developed.,When was the first underground system opened?2. What did Charles Holden do?,In 1863.,He designed the most famous of the new stations constru
4、cted between 1918 and 1938.,It was important because it linked with other lines at almost every station, helping make the system more user-friendly.,3. Why was the Victoria Line important?,Structure analyzing,Paragraph 1,Paragraphs 2-4,Paragraph 5,Paragraphs 6-7,The main ideas of the four parts,Part
5、 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4,The main ideas of the four parts,Part 1 Reasons why the first underground in the world was developed. Part 2 Part 3 Part 4,The main ideas of the four parts,Part 1 Reasons why the first underground in the world was developed. Part 2 Developments of the first underground. Part
6、3 Part 4,The main ideas of the four parts,Part 1 Reasons why the first underground in the world was developed. Part 2 Developments of the first underground. Part 3 Some unusual uses of the first underground during World War. Part 4,The main ideas of the four parts,Part 1 Reasons why the first underg
7、round in the world was developed. Part 2 Developments of the first underground. Part 3 Some unusual uses of the first underground during World War. Part 4 Enlargement and popularity of the first underground system.,Reading strategy,How to read a tourist brochure1 a brief history of the development2
8、an invitation or encouragement,Underline the time clues in the text quickly. Remember the details of each time clue as quickly as you can.,Scanning,Development of the LU system.,An underground railway was approved to be built by the British government.,Development of the LU system.,An underground ra
9、ilway was approved to be built by the British government.,The first tunnels were opened.,Development of the LU system.,An underground railway was approved to be built by the British government.,The first tunnels were opened.,The next section of the underground system was opened in the south of Londo
10、n.,Development of the LU system.,Two companies linked up to provide underground service in the middle of the city. The first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug.,Two companies linked up to provide underground service in the middle of the city. The first railway tunnel under the River Thame
11、s was dug.,The first electric underground railway was opened.,Two companies linked up to provide underground service in the middle of the city. The first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug.,The first electric underground railway was opened.,The London Passenger Transport Board was created
12、.,Two companies linked up to provide underground service in the middle of the city. The first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug.,The first electric underground railway was opened.,The London Passenger Transport Board was created.,Many new stations were constructed.,Two companies linked u
13、p to provide underground service in the middle of the city. The first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug.,The first electric underground railway was opened.,The London Passenger Transport Board was created.,Many new stations were constructed.,The Jubilee Line was opened.,1. Why was the un
14、derground system developed in London?,Most railway tracks did not go into the London city centre, so buses, trams, cabs, and carriages were required. The number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams. So the underground system was developed in London.,Read again and answer the foll
15、owing questions.,2. What was the London Underground like in 1863?,The tunnels were just beneath the surface of the ground. The carriages did not have windows and were pulled by steam engines through the narrow tunnels.,3. What did Charles Yerkes do to improve the underground system?,He obtained owne
16、rship of the many different lines and set up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.,4. What unusual uses did the tube have during World War II ?,During World War II, the tube was used as a bomb shelter, an airplane factory, a centre for directing the defence against air attacks and mee
17、ting rooms for the government administration.,5. What happened to the London Underground after World War II?,After World War II, the underground system was enlarged and more lines were added because more people travelled on the underground.,6. What does it mean when the brochure says that the underg
18、round system is user-friendly?,It means that it is very convenient for passengers to go to different places in the city from any station.,Charles Henry Holden,Charles Henry Holden (1875 1960) was a Bolton-born English architect best known for designing many London Underground stations during the 192
19、0s and 1930s, for Bristol Central Library, the Underground Electric Railways Company of Londons headquarters at 55 Broadway and for the University of Londons Senate House.,55 Broadway is a listed building overlooking St. Jamess Park in London,South Wimbledon station, one of the stations for theexten
20、sion of the City and South London Railway,Subway Town Station,Arnos Grove Station,Southgate Station,Language focus,The first underground in the world,What information did you get about the London Underground from the text?,reasons development unusual functions/uses expansion & popularity,Translate t
21、he words or phrases into Chinese.,rail servicesthe first half of the 19th centuryhorse-drawn busconvey to traffic jamlead togive approval to,铁路运输 19世纪上半叶 马拉车 将运往/送往(某地) 交通阻塞 导致，引起 批准,Translate the words or phrases into Chinese.,a large amount of moneybeneath the surface of ground pull throughlink up
22、provide serviceat regular intervals,一大笔钱地表下面穿过 (使)连接/结合/合并 提供服务每隔一定时间,Translate the words or phrases into Chinese.,get fresh airaccelerate the pace of over the next twenty yearsfar from obtain ownership ofset up,呼吸新鲜空气加快的步伐在接下来的二十年里远离获得的所有权 建立,Translate the words or phrases into Chinese.,place under
23、 the authority offunction asbe used asair attackstravel on the undergroundin honour of,让受的管辖起的作用 被用做 空袭 乘坐地铁为纪念/为庆祝,as: L 1 L26 L31 L45 L56 Child as he is, he has known a lot.As is known to us all, being diligent and perseverant can contribute to success.As it was getting late, I turned around to st
24、art for home.,However, most trains to London only went to the outer city limits, because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.句中building railway tracks into the city 是动名词短语，在because引导的原因状语从句中作主语。该从句中使用的是虚拟语气，意思相当于if railway tracks had been built into the city,
25、they would have damaged many old buildings.,L6 Horse-drawn buses, trams, cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centerconvey v. 运送，输送，表达In the desert areas, camels are used to convey goods.Its hard to convey his feelings in word.convey to 将运往/送往 (某地); 把传达给(某人),We dont k
26、now what ideas the director, Zhang Yimou, wants to _ to the audience of the world through the ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. deliver B. carry C. convey D. transport,答案 C,L14 However, new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money, so the digging
27、was postponed until 1860.require v. 要求、命令 1) This game requires a minimum of three players. 2) Napoleon required every soldier to obey his orders. 3) Its required that everyone (should) be present on time.,require sth. 需要某事物 require sb. to do sth. (sb. be required to do sth.) 要求某人做某事 require that sb
28、. (should) do sth. 要求某人应当做某事 requirement n. 要求；需要； 必要条件meet the requirements 满足要求,【用法点拨】 require doing require to be done (当句中主语为require后面动词的逻辑宾语时，动词有两种形式：动名词用主动式doing；不定式用被动式to be done。有这样用法的动词还有need, want等。),1) Before entering the cinema, all the people were required _ their tickets. A. showing B.
29、 to be showed C. to showing D. to show 2) Mr. Green talked with his woman secretary and required that she _ the new plan secret. A. kept B. keep C. would keep D. keeps,D,B,3) The woman told the workers her house _. Arequired to paint Brequired painting Crequired being paintedDrequires to be painted,
30、B,a large amount of 大量的( = large amounts of后接不可数名词) A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year. A large amount of time and energy was used to do the report.,Because of _ mail we receive, we may not be able to reply to your letter. Please remember to include your full name with you
31、r letter. A. a great many of B. a large number of C. the large amount of D. a great plenty of 解析：考查表示数量的短语。句意表示“由于我们收到邮件数量很多”，mail为不可数名词，故选C。,C,The number of the students in our school _ about 3000 and _ them study hard. A. is; a large amount of B. are; a number of C. are; large amount of D. is; a l
32、arge number of 【解析】the number of 指“的数” , 做主语时谓语动词用单数形式；a number of (许多，大量)做主语时谓语动词用复数形式。a large amount of (许多，大量)通常修饰不可数名词。句意：我们学校里的学生的数量大约是 3000，他们中有很多人学习都很努力。,D,1) They have decided _ _ for some time.他们决定推迟一段时间再开会。 2) We had to _ because our children were ill. 因为我们的孩子生病了，所以我们不得不推迟去法国。,to postpone
33、holding the meeting,postpone going to France,postpone v. 推迟，延期,3) Lets postpone_ a decision until we have more information. A. to make B. making C. made D. make 4) 音乐会延迟到星期六。(postpone),B,The concert has been postponed to Saturday.,L17 Passengers were transported in carriages without windows, which w
34、ere pulled through the narrow tunnels by steam engines.pull through 恢复健康；完成，做成（十分困难的事）He will pull through his illness soon. Its going to be tough but well pull through it together.,The boss wishes that his sick outstanding manager could _ and come back to work as soon as possible. A. pull through B
35、. put through C. go through D. look through 【解析】 pull through”康复”; put through”完成”; go through”通过”; look through”浏览; 审核”。,A,We hope that she will _ soon. returns back B. reach to home C. reach for D. pull through 解析： pull through 度过难关,D,go through 经历；经受；浏览；检查；通过；用完；做完 get through 通过(考试等)；接通电话；完成 pas
36、s through 走过；路过 live through 经历 look through 浏览；往里面看 come through 安然渡过(疾病、危机等) bring through 使人渡过；救治；救活,L21 Sixteen years later, in 1884, the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided link up 合并；连接，结合The two organizations linked up to hold a charity ev
37、ent.,(1) 两条公路在这里连接起来。The two highways _ here.(2) 这个组织的目的是将全国遭受这种疾病的人们联系起来。The organizations aim is _people from all over the country who are suffering from the disease.,link up,to link up,L27 These new ways of digging accelerated the pace of the London Undergrounds development.accelerate v. 加速;促进The
38、 bad weather accelerated our departure. accelerate the pace of 加快的步伐The conference accelerated the pace of educational reforms.acceleration n. 加速；促进；加速度,A driver _ his car when he makes it go faster or increases its speed.A. modifies B. develops C. accelerates D stimulates Many people complain of ra
39、pid _ of modern life.A. rate B. speed C. pace D. growth,C,C,The government plans _ (加快改革步伐) reform.,to accelerate the pace of,L33 Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining the ownership of the many different lines a
40、nd 分词短语Having seen the situation 作时间状语，因为表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前，所以用分词的完成时态。又如：Having finished her homework, she helped do the housework.,undertake v. 承担，从事，答应，保证I could undertake the work for you.I can undertake that you will benefit from this experience. 过去式 undertook 过去分词undertaken,undertake a task 承担任
41、务 undertake an attack 发动进攻 undertake to do sth. 答应/同意做某事 undertake for 为承担; 为负责,The new laboratories will be constructed this year, and local firms have been asked to _ the work. A. assign B. manufacture C. provide D. undertake我将保证你的安全。 Ill _ your security.,D,undertake for,他保证过要来参加我的生日晚会的。 He _ my b
42、irthday party. = He _ he would come to my birthday party.他答应在星期五以前完成那份工作。 He _ by Friday. 我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。 I _ you will enjoy the trip.,undertook to come to,undertook that,undertook to finish the job,can undertake that,-ship 表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”，构成具有抽象名词的含义。hardship, relationship, membership, friendshi
43、p, seamanship, scholarship, professorship,ownership n. 所有权,L44 When London was bombed, many underground stations functioned as bomb shelters:function as 起的作用This big room functions as a meeting room.The sofa can also function as a bed. 同义短语：serve asfunction n作用；功能；职能vi. 起作用；运转,(2012武汉调研) The kitchen
44、 is often the busiest room in a household, so its important to make sure it _ well. A. smoothes B. functions C. pays D. measures解析 function 起作用，发挥功能，运转。句意：厨房通常是家里最忙碌的房间，因此确保它很好发挥功能很重要。smooth 使顺利，抚平； pay 付款； measure 测量。,B,Sometimes, some adverbs _ as adjectives. You must pay attention to them when yo
45、u read the English text.A. are functioned B. functionC. were functioned D. functions,B,L51The last line added was the Jubilee Line, which was opened in 1979 in honour of the twenty-fifth anniversary of Elizabeth II becoming the queen.in honour of 为纪念，为庆祝Lets have a party in honour of their wedding.T
46、he monument was erected in honour of the soldiers who died for the country.,My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of,A,L60 Visit our ticket office and buy one of the travel cards that permit you to travel all over
47、the underground system.permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事My mother doesnt permit me to go out alone at night.,permit常用于以下句型: 如果时间/天气允许，周末我将去郊游。If time / weather permits (=Time / weather permitting), Ill go outing this weekend. permit的名词形式permission, 常与介词with和without连用Without the professors permission, no
48、body can enter the laboratory.,Those who have passed are permitted _ the building.A. entering B. to enter C. going D. to go,B,2. We forbid _ here. Who permits you _?A. smoking; smoking B. smoking; to smokeC. to smoke; to smoke D. to smoke; smoking,B,3. _ , Ill drop in on you on my way home.A. If time permitted B. If time permittingC. Time permitting D. Time permitted,
