1、Unit 1 Getting along with others,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,达标检测,语法专题,Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage,基础自测,.重点单词 1. n.娱乐，消遣 2. n.身份 3. adj.荒唐的，怪诞的,amusement,identity,absurd,.重点短语 1.stay 熬夜 2.no 毫无疑问 e up 想出，提出 4.cheer sb. 使某人振奋 5. rather宁愿 6.rather 而不是 7.look forward doing sth. 渴望做某事 8.put 推迟,up,doubt
2、,with,up,would,than,to,off,.重点句式 1.not only.but also. He is ， ，so everyone likes him. 他不仅有礼貌，而且心胸宽广，也不失幽默，所以大家都很喜欢他。 2.would rather.than. You know I study algebra and arithmetic! 你知道我宁愿去看牙科医生也不愿去学代数和算术！,not only polite,but also open-minded and humorous,would rather visit the dentist than,要点探究,We sta
3、y up at night and talk about many things. 我们晚上会聊许多事情，睡得比较晚。,stay up熬夜 stay still静止不动 stay with和待在一起 stay out待在户外；(晚上)不回家 stay out of避开；远离；不介入 stay in 待在家里；不外出 stay over 留宿,重点词汇,(1)Dont stay still；there is a guest. 别呆着了，客人来了。 (2)My mother is us this week. 我母亲这星期在我们家住。 (3)His father told him to troubl
4、e. 他父亲叫他避开麻烦。 同义词语替换 (4)We sat up studying English. _,staying with,stay out of,stayed up/burnt the midnight oil,Neither of us is quietthats for sure! 我们两人都不是安静的人那是肯定的！,(1)neither pron.两者中无论哪一个都不，常见结构为：neither.nor.表示“既不也不”，连接的并列结构主要有：并列主语、并列谓语、并列状语和并列宾语(表语)。 (2)当neither.nor.连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数要与邻近的主语保持一致。
5、 (3)neither表示“两者”的完全否定，而both与not搭配则构成“两者”的部分否定；在表示“三者(或以上)”的完全否定时，用none，no one，nothing等，而表示“三者(或以上)”的部分否定时，用not等否定词与all，every，always等搭配。,(1)That is neither my fault nor yours. 那既不是我的错亦非你的错。 (2)He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不吸烟。 (3)Neither you nor she good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。 单句改错 (4)The res
6、earch group produced two reports based on the survey，but either contained any useful suggestions.,is,neither,I have no doubt he will succeed. 我毫不怀疑他会成功。,no doubt无疑；很可能 beyond/without doubt毫无疑问；的确 Theres no doubt that.毫无疑问 注意：(1)doubt作动词时： 在肯定句中接whether/if引导的宾语从句。 在否定句、疑问句中接that引导的宾语从句。 (2)doubt作名词时：
7、 在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句。 在否定句、疑问句中接that引导的同位语从句。,(1)No doubt，I have learned a lot from him. 无疑地，我从他身上学到了很多。 (2)He is，without doubt，the greatest golfer. 毫无疑问，他是最优秀的高尔夫球手。 (3)We all doubt whether/if John will come on time. 我们都怀疑约翰会不会准时来。 单句改错 (4)There is no doubt in the world if China is a great countr
8、y with a long history and rich culture.,that,See how many positive and negative adjectives that describe personality you can come up with. 看一看你能够想出多少表示积极和消极的描绘个性的形容词。,come up with想出，提出(主意、答案等)，该短语通常接a plan/a proposal/an idea等作宾语。 come up走近；出现；被提及；被讨论 come to life活跃起来，恢复生气 come out出版；出来；露出；开花 come ac
9、ross偶然遇到,注意：come up with提出，为及物动词短语，主语常为人，宾语为表示“建议、计划、方案”等的名词；come up 在指“问题、建议、方案”等被提及时为不及物动词短语，主语常为物，无被动语态。,(1)The question is bound to come up at the meeting. 会上一定会讨论这个问题。 (2)The town came to life after sunrise. 日出之后，这个城镇恢复了生气。 (3)These animals only at night. 这些动物只在夜晚出来。,come out,(4)I an old photo
10、while cleaning the room. 我在打扫房间时，发现了一张旧照片。 单句改错 (5)The young man came up a suggestion at the meeting.,came across, with,Im so glad I have persuaded you to apologize to Rachel. 能成功地说服你向雷切尔道歉，我真是太高兴了。,persuade vt.说服，劝说；使相信 (1)persuade sb. (not) to do sth. persuade sb. into/out of doing sth. talk sb. i
11、nto/out of doing sth. 说服某人(不)做某事 (2)try to persuade sb. to do sth. advise sb. to do sth. 尽力说服某人做某事 (3)persuade sb. of sth. persuade sb. that.使某人相信某事,注意：persuade，advise这两个词都有“劝说”的意思，不同的是：persuade表示“劝说并使之听从”；若只表示劝说的动作而不强调“使之服从”的结果，要用advise或try to persuade。,(1)I persuaded him to give up the attempt. I
12、persuaded him the attempt. 我说服了他放弃这次尝试。 (2)He made vain efforts to try to persuade his son. 他努力说服儿子，但枉费了一番口舌。,into giving up,(3)It will be difficult to persuade them that theres no other choice. 很难让他们相信别无选择。 一句多译 (4)很难说服他不出国。 Its not easy to . Its not easy to .,persuade him not to go abroad,persuade
13、 him out of going abroad,Mum discourages me from chatting online. 妈妈阻止我网聊。,(1)discourage vt.劝阻，阻止；使失去信心，使泄气 discourage (doing) sth. 阻止(做)某事 discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 (2)discouraging adj.令人气馁的 (3)discouraged adj.气馁的 (4)encourage vt.鼓励,(1)The difficult work discouraged Alan and he left sc
14、hool. 过难的功课使Alan失去了信心，他退学了。 (2)We discourage smoking in this school. 我们阻止在这所学校里吸烟。 (3)Smoking is harmful to our health.We ought to be focusing on kids smoking. 吸烟有害健康，我们应把重点放在劝阻孩子们吸烟上。 单句改错 (4)He must feel discouraging at the sad news.,discouraging,from,discouraged,He is not only polite，but also ope
15、n-minded and humorous，so everyone likes him. 他不仅有礼貌，而且心胸宽广，也不失幽默，所以大家都很喜欢他。,经典句式,not only.but also.不仅而且 (1)用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。 (2)当not only.but also.连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致。 (3)为了强调，可将not only置于句首，此时其后接的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式(but also后面的分句不倒装)。 (4)also有时可以省略。,(1)Not only the students but also their teacher
16、 enjoying the film.(连接两个主语)不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。 (2)We were not only hungry，but also tired.(连接两个表语) 我们不但饿了，而且也累了。 (3)His name is known not only in Japan，but in China.(连接两个状语) 他不仅在日本出名，而且在中国也出名。 (4) they need clothing，but they are also short of water. 他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。,is,Not only do,You know I w
17、ould rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic! 你知道我宁愿去看牙科医生也不愿去学代数和算术！,(1)would rather (not) do.宁愿(不)做,would rather do.than do. prefer to do. rather than do.,宁愿做(而)不愿做,(2)would rather宾语从句，意为“宁愿(某人)做某事”，此时从句要用虚拟语气。从句谓语用一般过去时，表示对现在或将来动作的虚拟；用过去完成时，表示对过去动作的虚拟。 (3)would rather have done
18、.本来想做而未实现,(1)He would rather die betray his friends. 他宁愿死也不愿出卖他的朋友们。 (2)I him the news that day. 我真希望你那天没把那个消息告诉他。,than,would rather you hadnt told,单句改错 (3)We would rather our daughter stay at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer. 句型转换 (4)She prefers to stay at home wa
19、tching TV rather than go out to play with me. She stay at home watching TV out to play with me.,stayed,would rather,than go,达标检测,.单句语法填空 1.If you come some new words，you may look it up in the dictionary. 2.He has a habit of making (humor) remarks，so we all like him. 3.The most (discourage) thing is
20、to be misunderstood by others. 4.His chief (amuse) is reading novels. 5.He would rather stay poor than get money in a (honest) way. 6.I have a habit of taking a coffee，which makes me feel energetic when I have to stay late. 7.His friends tried to cheer him after the accident，but in vain.,across,humo
21、rous,discouraging,amusement,dishonest,up,up,8.So far，only one man has come up a theory that seems to fit all the facts. 9.Whether the meeting will be put has not been decided yet. 10.The day that the children had been looking forward to (come) at last.,with,off,came,.完成句子 11.我毫不怀疑你是诚实的。 I that you a
22、re honest. 12.她最终说服他去了医院。 Finally she him going to hospital. 13.他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。 His parents him an actor.,have no doubt,persuaded,into,tried to discourage,from being,14.工人们不仅想要涨工资，还想要减少工时。the workers want to increase their pay， they also want to reduce working hours. 15.我宁愿你没有告诉过他那个消息。 I would rather
23、 .,Not only do,you hadnt told him the news,but,语法专题,动词不定式与动名词,语法感知,动词不定式,单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.I have nothing to do but to watch TV. 2.Youd better to tidy your room. 3.He was made work thirteen hours a day. 4.They were the last guests arrive. 5.Mrs Smith warned her daughter never drive., to, to, to,语法精析
24、,动词不定式由“to动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。,常见的形式如右表所示(以及物动词do为例)，不及物动词没有被动语态。,一、不定式的时态和语态 1.一般式表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。例如： He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这事。 I hope to see you again. I hope that Ill see you again. 我希望再见到你。,2.进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如： H
25、e seems to be eating something. 他好像正在吃什么东西。 3.完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如： Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。 He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。,4.完成进行式表示动作从过去开始延续至说话的时候。例如： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 我们知道她研究这问题有好几年了。,二、不定式的作用 1.作主
26、语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。 Its so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。,2.作宾语 大致上有两种情况： (1)有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为“动词不定式”。例如： The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 (2)“
27、疑问词不定式”结构可作介词的宾语。例如： Were talking about how to overcome the present difficulties. 我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。 She gave me lots of valuable advice on how to lose weight. 她就如何减肥给我提出了许多宝贵的建议。,3.作宾补 有些动词可以用不定式作补语。有这种用法的动词有：advise，allow，cause，challenge，command，drive(驱使)，enable，encourage，forbid，force，instruct，invite
28、，like/love，order，permit，make，let，have，want，get，warn，persuade，request，send，tell，train，urge等。例如： Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵们开火。,4.作表语 不定式可放在系动词后面作表语。例如： His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 5.作定语 不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后面，往往表示
29、未发生的动作。例如： Are you going to the conference to be held next week? 你准备参加下周举行的会议吗？,6.作状语 (1)作目的状语 常用结构为to do，only to do，in order to do，so as to do，so (such).as to.。例如： He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say goodbye to you. 我来仅仅是为了向你告别。,(2)作结果状语 表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果
30、，不定式要放在句子后面。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜查了房间，结果什么也没发现。 (3)表原因 She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。 (4)表理由和条件 He must be a fool to say so. 他那样说真是傻。 You will do well to speak more carefully. 如果你说话再小心一些，你将会做得很好。,注意：1.省去to的动词不定式 (1)情态动词(除ought外)后。 (2)使役动词let，have，make后；感官动词see，watch，
31、look at，notice，observe，hear，listen to，smell，feel，find等后。但被动语态中不能省去to。例如： The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 I saw him dance.He was seen to dance. 我看见他跳舞。,(3)would rather，had better句型后。 (4)Why./Why not.句型后。 (5)help后可带to，也可不带to。 (6)but和except后。b
32、ut前有实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃药，他什么都信。,(7)由and，or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去。 Id like to lie down and (to) go to sleep. 我想躺下睡觉了。 (8)通常在discover，imagine，suppose，find，consider等词后作宾补或主补时，可以省去to be。例如： He is
33、supposed (to be) nice. 他被认为是个好人。,2.to可以用作不定式的标志，也可用作介词。下面的to都用作介词： admit to object to be accustomed to be used to(习惯于) stick to turn to(开始) look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to devote oneself to when it comes to,语法感知,动名词,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.He was praised for (do) a g
34、ood deed. 2.We were all excited for (be) praised. 3.After (send) you that letter，I recollected how stupid I was. 4.It is a waste of time (persuade) such a person to join us. 5.Their (come) to help was a great encouragement to us. 6.I apologize for not (have) waited for you.,doing,being,sending,persu
35、ading,coming,having,7.Do you have any difficulty (in) (understand) spoken English? 8.It is no use/no good (cry) over spilt milk. 9. (climb) mountains is really fun. 10.Would you mind his (use) your computer?,understanding,crying,Climbing,using,语法精析,动名词由动词原形加-ing构成，与现在分词形式相同。动名词可以起名词的作用，在句中作主语和宾语等；同时
36、，它还保留着某些动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 动名词的否定形式为：not/never动名词。详情见下表(以动词do为例)：,一、动名词的时态和语态 1.主动语态 (1)一般式。动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指，也可以与谓语动词同时发生。例如： Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play. 然后这几周的时间我们排练这部戏。 (2)完成式。完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： He apologized to me for having broken my glas
37、ses. 由于打破了我的眼镜，他向我道歉。,2.被动语态 如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者，动名词要用被动语态。 (1)一般式。例如： He came in without being noticed. 他进来了，谁也没有注意到。 (2)完成式。表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： Shes angry about not having been invited. 她对没有受到邀请感到生气。,二、动名词的句法功能 1.作主语 谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如： It is no use arguing with him. 和他争吵是没有用的。,注意：常用v.-ing形式
38、作主语的句型有： It is/was a waste of time doing.做是浪费时间的。 It is/was no good/use doing.做是没用的。 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing.做不值得。 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing.做是值得的。 There is/was no sense in doing.做没道理。 There is/was no use doing.做无用。 There is/was nothing worse than doing.没有比做更糟的。 There is/was no
39、point doing.做无意义。,2.作表语 作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。例如： Her job is teaching.Teaching is her job. 她的工作是教书。 In the ant city，the queens job is laying eggs. In the ant city，laying eggs is the queens job. 在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 3.作宾语 He is fond of playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。,注意：(1)admit，appreciate，avoid
40、，consider，delay，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，cant help，cant stand等动词和动词短语后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。,(2)forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词(短语)可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。例如：,4.作定语 动名词作定语修饰名词时，说明被修饰名词
41、的用途，在意义上有“供作之用”的意思。可以用这种定语修饰的名词有：way (of)，method (of)，art (of)，chance (of)，opportunity (of)，habit (of)，hope (of)，process (of)，possibility (of)，importance (of)，means (of)等。例如： The cave was a good hiding place for the poor children at that time. 在那个时候，这个洞穴对于那些穷孩子来说是一个很好的藏身之处。 a walking sticka stick fo
42、r walking一根拐棍 Your way of looking at things is better. 你看事情的方式比较好。,5.作同位语 动名词作同位语时，表示对主语进行解释说明。例如： His habit，listening to the news on the radio，remains unchanged. 他在收音机上听新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。,6.动名词的复合结构 名词所有格或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词的复合结构(ones/sb. s/n.doing/being done)，而名词所有格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。当动名词短语放在动词或介词之后时，名词所有格或物主代
43、词还可分别用名词或人称代词的宾格代替。动名词的复合结构在句中多作主语或宾语。例如： Do you mind my/me opening the window? 我开窗你介意吗？(作宾语/宾补),Mikes returning me the money in time pleased me. 迈克及时还我钱，我非常满意。(作主语) We cannot finish our work without John helping us. 有约翰帮助我们，我们才能够完成工作。(作宾补),高考链接,.单句语法填空 1.Many airlines now allow passengers to print
44、their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.(2017北京) 2.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train (catch).(2017天津) 3. (make) it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.(2016北京),to save,to catch,To make,4.My ambassadorial duties will includ
45、e (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.(2016全国) 5. (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽) 6.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporti
46、ng Actress，Anne Benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. (2015陕西),introducing,Ignoring,to thank,7.There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(2014北京) 8.When it comes to (speak) in public，no one can match him. (2014江西) 9.I stoppe
47、d the car (take) a short break as I was feeling tired. (2013山东),to be solved,speaking,to take,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.We can choose between staying at home and take a trip. (2016全国，短文改错) 2.After look at the toy for some time，he turned around and found that his parents were missing.(2015全国，短文改错) 3.Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. (2015四川，短文改错),taking,looking,
