1、学优中考网 2012 中考英语人教新课标八上 Unit 1 Friends 复习学案一.【精挑细选短语】1. have something to drink 喝点东西to drink 动词不定式作定语 (p6)【知识链接】详见 9A Unit3 Grammar，详细总结动词不定式作定语的用法。【用法拓展】have something to eat 吃点东西，have a lot of homework to do 有许多作业要做 2. have some more food 再有/要些食物 【知识链接】some more不可数名词或名词复数形式，more 是many/much 的比较级，意为“
2、再，又”。some 可以更换为基数词,如：two more boys=another two boys 【用法拓展】基数词more名词复数another基数词名词复数注意 more 和 another 的位置相反。 特殊形式要熟记：one more minuteanother minute练一练：还有 10 个人 ten people ten people3. nothing else 没有别的东西 学优中考网 【知识链接】不定代词分类：表示人 somebody/someone, anybody/anyone, nobody/no one, everybody/everyone 表示物some
3、thing, anything, nothing, everything 不定代词用法：不定代词作句子主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，none 除外。不定代词的修饰语要放在不定代词之后。如：不定代词形容词，不定代词不定式，不定代词+形容词+ 不定式。else 通常放在不定代词、疑问词之后，如：somebody/anybody/nobody/something/anything/nothing else somewhere/anywhere else what/who/where else someone elses, anyone elses 别人的，不能写成 someones else,
4、anyones else。【用法拓展】There is in the fridge. 冰箱里没有别的东西。Do you have to say? 你还有什么话要说吗？His article is better than in the class. A. anyones else B. anyone elses C. anyones elses D. anyone elseLondon seems much dirtier than (其他任何地方).学优中考网 I hear they arent satisfied with the house youve chosen for them.We
5、ll， could they live so comfortably?A. where else B. what else C. how D. why in the world is difficult if you put your heart into it. (世上无难事。)4. read an advertisement 看广告 (p7)【知识链接】 read 阅读，常用于阅读书报、杂志、广告、传单等。read English, read newspapers, read comic books, read magazines read 除了用人作主语，表示“ 阅读”之外，还可以用有文
6、字的东西作主语，表示“读起来 ”、 “写着”、 “内容是”。如：This doesnt read like a childs composition. 这文章读起来不像是孩子的作文。Her letter reads as follows她的来信的内容如下。【用法拓展】The sign “No parking!” A. reads B. was reading C. was read D. had read5. keep secrets, keep a secret 保密 【知识链接】keep secrets for sb 替某人保密，in secretsecretly 秘密地，secret a
7、gent 特工，secretary 秘书【用法拓展】Careful planning is the secret of success.仔细计划是成功的诀窍。6. make me happy 使我高兴 make 使得；让，make sb/sthadj. 学优中考网 使如何【知识链接】What he said made me sad. What makes your friend so special? That Change No. 1 Satellite was sent into space successfully made Chinese exciting. 【用法拓展】make sb
8、 do sth 让/使某人做某事sb be made to do sth 某人被迫做某事，类似的有：hear sb do sthsb be heard to do sth have sb do sthsb be had to do sth be made in某地，在某地制造 be made of.由制成(能看到原材料，发生物理变化) be made from由制成(不能看到原材料，发生化学变化) 请做题：用介词 of, from, in 填空：Cars are made Shanghai. Glasses are made glass.Wine is made grapes. Paper i
9、s made wood.7. share my joy 分享我的快乐 【知识链接】distribute civilization, share enjoyment in reading 传播文明，共沐书香【用法拓展】share sth with sb 与某人分享某物，与某人合用某物 (详见第 14 条讲解)8. have problems 有问题 【知识链接】have problems with sthhave difficulty with sth 在某方面有问题( 困难)学优中考网 have problems (in) doing sthhave difficulty (in) doing
10、 sth 做某事有困难(问题 )have problems with sb 和某人有矛盾【用法拓展】The deaf mute(聋哑人) have problems (communicate) with people.9. believe what he/she says 相信他(她)说的话 【知识链接】what sb say/says/said 某人说的话 believe sb 相信某人believe what sb saidbelieve sbs words 相信某人的话believe sth 相信某事是真的，believe in sbtrust sb信任某人( 建立在长期 “相信” 的基
11、础上)【用法拓展】用 believe, believe in 填空：She said she didnt take the money. Do you her?I his story. We our government.I what he said because I him.10. hold a writing competition 举行写作比赛 (p8)【知识链接】hold/have a competition 举行一次比赛( 竞赛)，如：hold a drawing competition学优中考网 【用法拓展】hold 举行have，如：hold/have a sports mee
12、ting 举行运动会 be heldtake place，如：Our school sports meeting is held/takes place in October every year.11. tell you about my friend Betty 给你讲讲我朋友贝蒂的事 【知识链接】tell sb about sth/sb 告诉某人有关某事(某人) 的情况 e.g.Would you please tell us about your visit to Beijing?【用法拓展】tell sb about sthsb be told about sb，e.g. As a
13、child, I was told about Lei Feng by the teachers.12. one of my best friends 我的一个最好的朋友；我最好的朋友中的一个【知识链接】one of/amongthe/物主代词名词复数，作主语时谓语用单数， “最中的一个” 。【用法拓展】The Changjiang River is one of/among (long) rivers in the world.13. be willing to do sth 乐意(愿意)做某事 【知识链接】willing 乐意的；愿意的unwilling 不情愿的willingly 愿意地
14、willingness n.心甘情愿【用法拓展】Im quite willing to do anything for you. 我非常愿意为学优中考网 你做任何事情。14. share sth with sb 与某人分享某物，与某人合用某物 【知识链接】share vt.分配,均分;共有,共用 e.g.The boy shared the cake equally. 这男孩平均分配蛋糕。I shared my lunch with him. 我和他分享我的午餐。 Lucy shares a bedroom with Lily. 15. be ready to do sth 愿意做某事 【知识
15、链接】ready 准备好的，e.g. Come on, dinners ready! 快过来，饭好了！愿意的，e.g. Hes always ready to help his friends.他总是乐意帮助朋友。【用法拓展】be ready for sth, get ready for sth 准备好某事；为某事做好准备 e.g. Can you help me get everything ready for the party? 你能不能帮我把这次聚会准备妥当？get ready to do sth 准备好做某事，be ready to do sth 乐意做某事；准备好做某事，e.g.V
16、olunteers were ready and waiting to pack the food in boxes.志愿者们已准备完毕，等着将食物装箱。Ready, steady, go! (比赛口令)各就位预备跑！16. on the bus 在公交车上， give seats to someone in need 把座位让给需要的人 学优中考网 【知识链接】on the bus/train/plane 在公交车/火车/ 飞机上，in the boat/ship 在小船/轮船上 give seats to sb 给某人让座 in need 需要帮助的，常做后置定语。e.g. childre
17、n in need 需要帮助的孩子17. travel around the world 周游(环游)世界 ， grow up 长大 【知识链接】travel/go/move/turn around 围绕运转 e.g. The earth travels around the sun.What do you want to be when you (长大)?18. get to do sth 有机会做某事 get to do sth 表示“ 有机会做某事”，常用于口语。 【知识链接】They got to know each other ten years ago.他们十年前认识对方的。【用法
18、拓展】have got to do sthhave to do sth 不得不，必须。e.g. Its getting dark. Weve got to go.19. a wonderful friend called Max 一个叫马克斯的出色的朋友 【知识链接】called/named“ 一个叫的 ”过去分词短语作后置定语修饰名词，e.g.a boy called/named Tom 一个叫汤姆的男孩 a game called/named hide-and-seek 一个叫捉迷藏的游戏20. have poor eyesight 视力差，because of 因为 , work on操
19、作学优中考网 原文再现However, he has poor eyesight because of working on the computer too much at night.然而，因为他晚上用电脑太多，所以视力差。 【知识链接】however 副词，常用于句首，与后面的句子用“逗号”隔开。but 连词,连接两个简单句，构成并列句。用 however, but 填空： , things have changed. He is very young, he knows a lot. because of 是复合介词，because of名词 /代词/动名词；because是连词，be
20、cause 后接状语从句，不能接名词、代词或动名词。 【用法拓展】用 because, because of 填空：We stayed at home the rain. I cant go I am ill.She was regarded as a heroine she lost his life for her country. Youd better wear sunglasses eye protection is necessary on sunny days.21. make him look smart 使他看上去很帅气 (详见第 6 条【用法拓展】) 22. have a
21、good sense of humourbe humorous 很有幽默感 学优中考网 【知识链接】five senses 五种感觉：sight 视觉, hearing 听觉, smell嗅觉, taste 味觉, touch 触觉。第六感是 the sixth tense。23. knock our books and pens off the desks 把我们的书和钢笔从课桌上碰掉knock. sth off【用法拓展】knock sth over 撞翻knock sb down 撞倒某人knock on/at the door/window 敲门/窗24. think of my go
22、od friend 想起我的好朋友 【知识链接】think of想到；想起；想出；( 用进行时表示)想做 e.g. Its good to think of the future. 想想未来是件好事。She often thinks of her home. 她常常想起她的家。He thought of a good plan.他想出一个好计划。Im thinking of buying a piano.我想着/正想买一架钢琴。【用法拓展】think about思考(动词介词) e.g. Shes thinking about what to say.thinkover 仔细考虑(动词副词 )
23、 e.g. Ill give you three days to think it over. 25. have straight, shoulder-length hair 留着直的齐肩的头发 【知识链接】注意以下形容词与名词的转换：long 长的length长度 high 高的height 高度 wide 宽的width 宽度 deep深的depth 深度 strong 强壮的strength 力量学优中考网 26. a true friend 一个忠实的朋友 【知识链接】true 真实的；忠实的 反义词 false 错误的，truth真相、事实，truly 真正地 e.g. He is
24、true to his friends.他对朋友们忠诚。real 实际的；真的，reality 现实，really 真地 e.g. The story was taken from real life. 这故事取材于现实生活。【用法拓展】come true 实现 (注意：该短语中不能使用 truly) e.g. His dream has come true.27. say a bad word about sb 说某人的坏话 28. be generous to sb 对某人慷慨 (p10)29. do a lot of computer work 做许多计算机方面的工作30. be ver
25、y good at doing sth 十分擅长做某事；很会做某事，tell jokes 讲笑话tell sb jokes 31. tell others her friends secrets 告诉别人她朋友们的秘密 32. vote for投票选出，投票赞成 vote for the best friend，vote online for the best singer 33. have an English test 进行一次英语测验 (p14)34. hold/have a drawing competition 举行一次绘画比赛，in the drawing competition3
26、5. go hiking 去远足go v-ing (p15)【知识链接】go swimming/camping/cycling/diving/skiing 去游泳/野学优中考网 营/骑车/潜水/滑雪36. try to be kind to people 尽力对人们友善，try my best to help them尽力帮助他们 (p16) 【知识链接】try to do sth 试图做，try doing sth 试着做，try/do ones best to do sth 尽力做37. a social worker 社会工作者；社工 38. the fastest runner 跑步最
27、快的人 (p17)39. have some problems with my new school (p18)【知识链接】have problems with sth 在有困难， have problems (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 e.g. I didnt have any problem (in) finding his home.40. knowvery well=know a lot/much about 对很了解 41. feel really uncomfortable 真地感到不舒服 42. sit alone in/on the playground 一个人
28、坐在操场上 43. miss my old friends very much 非常想念我的老朋友 【知识链接】miss 想念；错过，e.g. He ran very fast in order not to miss the early bus.44. what to do 做什么，疑问词动词不定式，注意区别： how to do it(怎样做这件事)45. give me some advice 给我提一些建议 学优中考网 【知识链接】give/offer sb some advice/suggestions 给某人提一些建议( 以下短语可用 offer，suggestions) give
29、 sb some advice on sth 给某人提有关某事的建议 give sb some advice on how to do sth 就如何做某事给某人提建议46. both my best friend and my neighbour 既是我最好的朋友又是我的邻居 (p20)【知识链接】bothand 和(两者)都 both of 两者都【用法拓展】neithernor 和( 两者) 都不 neither of 两者都不 not onlybut also 不但而且 either of 两者中的一个 eitheror 或者或者 all of (两者以上) 都 none of (两者
30、以上)都不47. wear a smile on ones face 面带微笑 48. tell me funny jokes 给我讲有趣的笑话 【知识链接】play a joke on sb 开某人的玩笑， e.g. Dont play jokes on the disabled. Its impolite.49. have a friend like Alan 有个像艾伦一样的朋友 (p21)学优中考网 50. answer questions correctly 回答问题正确 二 【百里挑一词汇】1. honest 诚实的，honesty 诚实，dishonest 不诚实的，an hon
31、est boy (注意 honest 前用不定冠词 an)2. bored 无聊的 (主语是人)，boring 无聊的( 主语是事物)，e.g. This programme is boring, so I feel bored.3. future plans 未来计划， in the future 在将来；未来，in futurefrom now on 从今以后4. dangerous 危险的danger 危险，safe 安全的safely adv.安全地safety n.安全，in danger 处于危险中5. exciting 令人兴奋的；扣人心弦的excited 兴奋的excitedl
32、y adv.兴奋地with excitementexcitement n.兴奋，e.g. We were excited at the exciting news.三.【五星必背句型】1. I hope to become a famous singer and travel around the world in the future. (p17)【知识链接】Sb hope(s) to do sth.某人希望做某事。注意没有 hope sb to do sth，需转化为 hope that 从句。2. What about?How about? 怎么样? What/How about sth
33、/doing sth?(做) 某事如何？学优中考网 【知识链接】Why dont you do sth？Why not do sth? 为何不做某事？(提建议用语)四.【中考无敌语法】连系动词形容词、形容词的比较等级用形容词描述事物人们用形容词来描述人或物，大多数形容词可置于名词前或连系动词之后；但有些形容词只能用在系动词之后作表语，如：alone, asleep, awake, ill 等。e.g.She has short hair. Her hair is short. A lazy cat is sleeping on the sofa. The cat is lazy.The man
34、 is ill. (不能说 an ill man) He stayed at home alone.常见的连系动词有：be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn，e.g.become rich, feel unhappy, get angry/hungry/cold/hot/warm/cool/long/short(get+冷热暖凉长短) grow old/impatient, keep fit, look nice, seem worried, smell sweet, sound grea
35、t, taste sour(酸),turn red/green/yellow/pale (turn+颜色), go bad 变质, go mad 发疯, go missing 丢失, go wrong 走错路学优中考网 注意：get/grow/become“变成”在大多情况下用法相似。形容词的比较等级基本用法形容词的比较分为三个等级，即：原级、比较级和最高级。两者之间的比较用比较级，两者以上的比较用最高级。常用句式 A动词as原级asB(+动词). 表示 A 和 B 同等程度。e.g.She is as slim as I (am). Swimming is as interesting as
36、 diving.【注意】so/quite/very/too+形容词原级。 A动词的否定式as/so原级asB(动词). 在某方面 A 不如 B，即 not as/soasShe is not as slim as I (am). Swimming isnt as interesting as diving.A动词比较级thanB(+动词). 表示 A 超过 B。He is taller than I (am). English is more useful than Japanese.A动词the 比较级 of the two. 两者中较 的一个The red sweater is the c
37、heaper one of the two. Shirley is the shorter of the two girls.学优中考网 【注意】much/a lot/even/far形容词比较级，a little/a bit原级或比较级。the比较级 , the比较级, 表示 B 随着 A 的增长程度而平行增长，译为“越越 ”。The lazier you are, the poorer you will be.The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.比较级 and 比较级，more and more多音节形容词原
38、级，表示“越来越” e.g.The spring is coming, it is getting warmer and warmer. Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.more and more不可数名词或名词复数，表示“越来越多的” e.g.More and more students are using the Internet and they spend more and more time on it.much more+不可数名词，many more+名词复数，表示“多得多的” e.g.I have much more m
39、ilk than she. Our school has many more students than theirs.表示“是 的倍数” 时用“A+动词倍数as 原级as B(+动词).” e.g.学优中考网 This desk is twice as wide as that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍宽。表示“比 大倍” 时用“A动词倍数比较级thanB.” e.g.Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。A动词the 最高级名词单数 of/in/among(比较的范围). 中最的一个。Tom is the cleveres
40、t student in his class.The Changjiang River is among the longest rivers in the world. (注意：此时 among one of)形容词最高级前若有物主代词或名词所有格，不能再加the。She is doubtless my best friend.the second/third/fourth/fifth/不带 the 的最高级名词单数，第二/第三/第四/第五个最的。e.g. Hainan Island is the second largest island in China. 海南岛是中国第二大岛屿。词形变
41、化形容词比较级、最高级的构成级 别 变化规则 原 级 比较级 最高级大多数单音节词+er/est dark darker darkest以 e 结尾的单音节词 +r/st nice nicer nicest学优中考网 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词y+ier/estpretty prettier prettiest重读闭音节词双写末尾字母+er/estslim slimmer slimmest规则变化少数双音节词、所有多音节词, more/most+该词beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful不规则变化不规则的形容词代替该词 good better best【特殊形
42、式】双写末尾字母再加 er/est 的有 9 个：big, fat, hot, red, wet, glad, sad, slim, thin【巧记】 “大 ”“胖” 子“热” 得脸通“红”，浑身“湿” 透， “高兴”不起来，太“难过”了，真不如“苗条”的“瘦” 子。少数双音节形容词，特别是以 ful 结尾的词、分词形容词的比较等级，一律在该词前加 more/most，常见的有：useful, helpful, careful, nervous, tired, tiring, often。常见的不规则形容词、副词：原级 比较 最高级 词 备注学优中考网 级 义good, wellbetter
43、best 好 well adj.健康的 adv.好bad, ill, badlyworse worst 坏、病badly 坏地;糟糕地;严重地;迫切地many, muchmore most 多 more/most+比较级/最高级little less least 少 little 小的 , 与 small 相似。farfartherfurtherfarthest, furthest远farther, farthest 只指距离，“更远、较远” ；further, furthest 用处较广，又与抽象名词连用指，指程度更深远， “另外的，更多的”。old older elderoldesteld
44、est大 older, oldest 指人和物,older than；elder, eldest 仅指人,作定语。【同义转换】学优中考网 1.A动词的否定式as/so形容词原级as B(+动词). 同义转换为：B动词形容词比较级thanA(动词) e.g.She is not as clever as I am.I am cleverer than she.Tom is not as tall as Simon.Simon is taller than Tom.Tom is shorter than Simon.2.“形容词比较级 than any other名词单数” 或“形容词比较级than any of the other名词复数”同义转换为“the形容词最高级(名词单数)”. e.g. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.Shanghai is the largest city in China.Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China.
