1、基础英语语法讲解提高,树立几个基本意识,动词意识时态、语态、一个谓语,名词意识冠词（定、不定、零）、单复数,介词意识不同动词、形容词搭配不同,时态语态,三 个 一 般,两 个 进 行,两 个 完 成,一般过去时,一般现在时,一般将来时,两 个 语 态,主动被动,时态简介,一般现在时（最常用）,概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况,基本结构：be动词；行为动词,e.g.,1.I watch TV every day.,2. He often plays football with his friends.,3. I am 22 years old.,4. The girl is ve
2、ry beautiful.,一般现在时,常用搭配词（表频率）：always, usually, often, sometimes,every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays e.g. 1.He often goes home late.2. Sometimes she feels lonely.3. Usually we have lunch together.4. I go to the library twice a week.,一般现在时的疑问与否定,否定形式：am/is/are+ not dont /doesnt +动词
3、原形,e.g. I am not twenty.I dont finish my homework.He doesnt like English.,疑问形式: is/am/are 放句首do/does 放句首e.g. Are you twenty years old?Do you finish your homework?Does she like English?,一般现在时,e.g. 1. The earth travels around the sun.2. My teacher told me that the earth travels around.3. Light travels
4、 faster than sound.,补充：若陈述为客观真理时态也为一般现在时,一般现在时练习,1.The girl (teach) us English on Sundays. 2. She and I (take) a walk together every evening.3. She (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 4. your parents (read) newspapers every day?,改错 ( )1. Is your brother speak English? A B C ( )2. Does he likes goi
5、ng fishing? A B C ( )3. He likes play games after class. A B C ( )4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. A B C( )5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. A B C,一般过去时（对比一般现在时）,概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为,基本结构：be（was, were)动词；行为动词(did动词过去式） 否定： was/were not didnt +do（动词原形） 疑问： was/were 提前置句首 did 置句首,e.g.
6、1. Yesterday I watched an interesting movie.2. I was 22 years old last year.3. The girl was beautiful before.4. Was the girl beautiful before?4. She didnt like English when she was young.5. Did she like English when she was young?,一般过去时,常用搭配：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year,
7、 night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago,e.g. I was a boy three years ago.She went to the park with her mother last week.I saw her smiling at me just now.,提醒：在一般口语中常用一般现在时，但在写作中尤其是记叙文中过去时更常用。 如：看图写作作文一般全文为一般过去时。,一般过去时练习,1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2
8、. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening?He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend.She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning,一般将来时,概念：表示将要发生的动作或存
9、在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事,基本结构：am/is/are going to + do；will/shall + do 否定结构： am/is/are not going； will/shall not+ do 疑问结构： am/is/are置首； will/shall置首,e.g. 1. I am going to watch an interesting movie.2. I will pass the exam.3. The boy will have a promising future.4. We will go for a picnic this weekend.,一般将来时,
10、常用搭配：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow，in the future,e.g. 1. I will go the park with my friends tomorrow.2. She can learn English well in two months.3. She will be a famous star in the future.4. We are going to hold a party next week.,Few, littl
11、e; a few, a little; a number of; the number of,一般将来时,I _（leave）in a minute. I _（finish）all my workbefore I _ （leave） 2. It is very cold these days. It _（snow）soon. 3. Most of us dont think their team _（win） Charlie _ here next month。A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont
12、work 4. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving 5. He _ in three days.A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back,现在进行时,概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。,基本结构：am/is/are + doing,时间状语：now, at this time, these days,e.g. 1. I
13、 am reading a useful book.2. Look! The girls are singing.3. Now, she is drawing a picture.4. These days the girl is preparing for her exam.,现在进行时,表示位移的词：go, reach, come, arrive at/in, leave, start, take off可用进行时表示将来时,1. The train is leaving. 2. I am arriving in Wuhu in two hours.,注意特例：,特殊用法：,I am wo
14、ndering that can we hold a party tonight. I am thinking maybe you can use another method to solve this problem.,现在进行时可以表达委婉语气，提出建议和意见。,现在进行时,1. My parents _ _（watch）TV now. 2. Look. Three boys _（run）. 3.Listen, someone _ _（sing）in the classroom.4. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. sleep B. is sleep
15、ing C. are sleeping 5. He is _(reach) Shanghai in 5 hours. 6. I _(think) maybe we can have a better choice.,过去进行时,概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。,基本结构：was/were + doing,时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或when、while引导的句子中,e.g. 1. I was playing computer games at 8 yesterday evening.2. He was doin
16、g his homework while his mother was watching TV.3. When Tom got at home, his mother was cooking dinner.,过去进行时,Mary _ (watch) TV when we came in. They _ (have) a meeting from 8 to 10 last night. While we _ (talk) with Mr. Wang in English, a foreigner came up. I _ (wash) my clothes this time yesterday
17、.When the teacher came in, the students _A. talk B. are talking C. were talking D. will talk 6. Wang Lin and Zhou Hong _ for us when we got to the school gateA. is waiting B. were waiting C. are waiting D. was waiting,现在完成时,概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。,基本结构：have/has + done,时间状语：r
18、ecently, lately, since(后跟一般过去时），for+一段时间,over/in the past few years，already，yet , so far,e.g.1.They have lived in Beijing for five years. 2.They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 3. Has it stopped raining yet ? 4. It has already stopped raining .4. I have read 200 books so far.,现在完成时,特殊用法：,1.This is
19、 my first time that I have visited China. 2.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 3.That is the only book that he has written.,表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。,现在完成时,1. ( ) my dictionary? Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago.A. Have you se
20、en B. Do you seen C. Had you seen D. Would you seen,2. ( )Have you even been anywhere for a trip?A trip? I away from my hometown even once.A. went B. have never been C. haven gone D. have been,3. ( ) have you been here? 3 year.A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How,4.( ) Mary has been a league m
21、ember three years.A. for B. since C. in D. on,5. ( ) Its the third time you late for school this week.A. were B. are C. had been D. have been,6. ( ) He a great deal since he joined the army.A. learn B. learned C. has learned D. is learning,过去完成时（过去的过去）,概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的
22、过去”,基本结构：had + done,时间状语：before, by the end of last year (term, month),1. By the end of last term we had finished the book.,3. That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.,2. They finished earlier than we had expected.,定语从句,先行词+关联词+定语从句,关联代词：who, whom, whose, that, which 关联副词：when, wh
23、ere, why,关 联 词,注意：没有what,Is he the man who/that wants to see you?,He is the man who/whom/ that I saw yesterday.,The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.,They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.,There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.,Beiji
24、ng is the place where（in which） I was born.,Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?,This is the book which I read yesterday.,判断关联代词与关联副词,I will never forget the day when I first went to school. I will never forget the day which/that we spent in Beijing.,The house which/that we visit
25、ed is being repaired now. The house where Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now.,关于whose 1.They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 2.Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.,1.The man _ came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.A child _ parents are dead is called Tom.
26、3.Could you tell me the reason _ you are late. 4.I dont know the boy _ you talked with. 5. Beijing is the place _ I came. 6.Gone are the days _ we used foreign oil.,7.Is this the museum _ we held the exhibition?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 8.Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A.
27、 where B. that C. on which D. the one,改错：1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.,定语从句,关于as,非限制性定语从句（只能由which引导）,She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.,as、which都可以引导非限制定语从句，指代从句中 的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换 He m
28、arried her, as /which was natural.,在下列情况下一般只能用as： (1) as 放在句首，而which不能。 (2) as 本身有“正如；正像”之意，而which 没有； 此时as常和 know, see, expect, announce, suggest, hope, believe 等连用。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.,由as构成的常用短语 As everybody knows/As is known to everybody As we can see As is often the case As
29、 is reported in the newspaper,(3) 当先行词被the same, such修饰时，定语从句需用as引导,e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.,倒装句,全部倒装：谓语动词置于主语之前部分倒装：情态动词（can等）或助动词（do等）置于主语前,1.Then came the chairman.（全） 2.Here is your letter. （全） 3.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question
30、. （部） 4.Never have I seen such a performance. （部）,全倒装,1） here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。 e.g. 1. Here comes the bus.2. There lies an old dog. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。,e.g. 1. Ahead sat an old woman. 2. Out rushed a dog from the house.,注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构
31、的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Here he comes.,部分倒装（半倒装）,句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time决不, in no way, not until 等。例如：,Never have I seen such a performance. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.,2.以否定词开头作部分倒装 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhe
32、n, No sooner than等，要倒装 e.g.1.Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.2. Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 3. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.,部分倒装（半倒装）,3. so, neither, nor作部分倒装,Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If y
33、ou wont go, neither will I.,4.only在句首倒装的情况。 e.g. 1.Only in this way, can you learn English well. 2.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.,5. so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装,So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.,条件状语从句,口诀：主将从现（主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时） 结构：if will If he wo
34、rks hard, he will pass the exam. We will win the game, if we work together.,被动语态,被动语态的构成: “助动词be及物动词的过去分词”,一般现在时：amisarespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：was/were beingspoken现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken,（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The gl
35、ass was broken by Mike.This book was written by him. 。Your homework must be finished on time.,1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. This bridge was founded in 1981.,It is(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought）that大家同意（相信、决定、希望、认为） It is(was)well known that众所周知 It is(
36、was)taken for granted that被视为当然 It must be remembered that务必记住 It mustnt be forgotten that千万别忘记 It is (was) said (reported，heard，told，suggested)that据说(报道、听说、告知、建议),特殊用法：have sb./ sth. done,There be句型,There is a book on the desk. There was a book on the desk. There are two books on the desk. There _
37、a book and two rules on the desk. There _ two rules and a book on the desk.,Noun Clauses (名词性从句),Subject Clause(主语从句),Appositive Clause （同位语从句）,Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost t
38、he game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替, 而本身放在句子末尾。1. How the book will sell depends on its author.2. That he is the best student in the class is obvious.,主语从句,主语从句的引导词
39、：从属连词 that , whether 连接代词 who(ever), whom(ever), which(ever), what(ever) 连接副词 where ,when ,why ,how,依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。Where he will go is unknown. What you said y
40、esterday is right. That he knows Japanese is known to all. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.,1）从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That people cut down too many trees destroyed the balance of nature. Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years
41、 to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,2.连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Which student will win the first is uncertain.,
