1、Unit 8 Were Only Human,Text A,The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.-Bertrand Russell美好的人生是由爱所激励、由知识所引导的生活。Life is real, life is earnest.人生真实， 人生真挚.,Content Questions,1. What are the qualities the author suggests we should have so as to arise above nature? Explain the reasons
2、 for having them respectively.,2. Why does the author caution us to beware of the pleasure principle? What is the difference between pleasure and happiness?,3. What are the basic desires for a good life that are mentioned to be the root of happiness?,4. What is your view on “Might is right” and the
3、survival of the fittest ? Will you comment on the emphasis of ethics and morality in our life and in Chinas modernization drive?,Every day in the United States of America:,4,219 teenagers contract sexually transmitted diseases 2,329 teenagers unintentionally become pregnant 908 teenagers who didnt i
4、ntend on becoming pregnant obtain abortions 1,000 adolescents begin drinking alcohol 500 adolescents begin using illicit drugs 16,000 crimes are committed on school,There are 600,000 drug addicted children in the United States. 6% of boys between 16 and 18 carry guns outside the home for “protection
5、.“ While only four percent (4%) of inner-city school students report use of hard drugs, 13 percent (13%) report either dealing drugs or working for a drug dealer. 51% of graduating high school seniors admit having used illicit drugs by the time they reach their senior year of high school,Language Po
6、ints,Be elevated(p2): achieve a more important rank or status,Be elevated to the post of chancellor Emotional stress can elevate blood pressure.(to increase in amount, significance or intensity) Elevate pop singers to idols (consider it to be more important than it really is),Drive(p6): a strong nee
7、d or desire ; energy and determination,n. 车道driveway I thought we might go for a drive.兜风 disk drive Rescuers battling through driving snow迎面扑来的劲雪 Chinas early intellectuals with background of oversea education played a major role in our nations drive toward democracy.(a special effort made by a gro
8、up of people),Derive(p7): derive pleasure or benefit from sth or sb,He is one of those happy people who derive pleasure from helping others. Defensive behavior patterns derive from our subconscious fears. (A word or feeling derives from / is derived from),Forge(p8), an alliance or relationship (crea
9、te it through hard work and hope it to be lasting and strong) sth (achieve sth difficult): prisons often help inmates forge new careers. passport, banknote, document, painting, signature, etc. 伪造 a blade 铸剑,Honor(p10) 授予Two American surgeons were last week ed with the Nobel Prize. 荣幸 Its my to have
10、your/ Im ed by your confidence in me. 信守The two sides agreed to a ceasefire. 庆祝City Bank is holding a dinner in of the opening of their new branch in Shanghai. 感谢President Bush will attend a concert in his / in of firefighters.,Commitment(p): a strong belief in an idea or system; 责任；承诺, to the ideal
11、s of Bolshevism Work s forced her to uproot herself from Vancouver. They made a to nuclear nonproliferation.,commit a crime or a sin; commit suicide be ted to sth致力于,The government ted billions of dollars for a program to reduce acid rain.(use specially专门用于) Think twice before you yourself to workin
12、g Sundays.(decide to do) It isnt their diplomatic style to themselves on such a delicate issue. (say what you really think or want to do表态),If I could project you fifteen years into the future (p14): to device in the mind,-Project ones country oversea向海外介绍自己的国家 -He projected the weather for the comi
13、ng week. 预测下个星期的天气 -The wall is projected in the middle.设计 -A politician must project himself as a reformer if he wants to win an election.Project oneself as 营造自己形象project slides onto a screen 放幻灯片Project a new dam/carry out a project,Sustain(p17), the weight / the extra expenses承受 An unshakable fai
14、th me.支持 public interest/ the products quality a family / life 养家，维持 hardships / the shock / comparison经受 a defeat / a loss蒙受 Sustainable growth可持续增长 Sustained illness/attacks 久病;持续进攻,Initiative(p17),have/seize the initiative e.g.He did not have the initiative to start his own business.(掌握主动权) on on
15、es own initiative e.g He went to see the headmaster in his own initiative.(主动地) take the initiative e.g Why dont you take the initiative and arrange a meeting? (带头) do sth. on ones own initiative 主动地做某事,Courage is to life what broth is to soup. (simile),Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation wh
16、at / as Henry Ford was to cars.,Conform to(p22),The meat market can continue only if it is radically overhauled全面检查 to conform with/to strict EU standards. (to meet the rules or the desired quality) I am well aware that we all conform to one stereotype or another. (very similar to) In conformity wit
17、h a law or regulation or sbs wishes根据，符合,Adam and Eve,Adam from earth, and Eve from Adams rib, The Garden of Eden The temptation of the serpent The fall of man, the original sin The expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden Fulfill vows of penance,Devastating(p25): very destructive,Affairs do have a devas
18、tating effect on marriage. He returned to his best with a devastating display of galloping and jumping. (very impressive) A few days before, a fire had devastated part of Windsor Castle.,Transitory(p26): lasting only for a short time,Most teenage romances are transitory. Temporary: lasting for only
19、a limited time Most adolescent problems are temporary.,Metonymy (借代)与Metaphor (隐喻)的区别,隐喻是不同类事物的比拟(comparing materials across domains),借代是同一类事物的比拟(comparing materials within domains)。 The city has its philharmonic (高雅之处) but also its poverty.,以典型的人体组织、四肢或器官借代抽象行为或能力,Karajan had ruled his august orche
20、stra, the Berlin Philharmonic oh which he had been named conductor for life in 1995 with a brilliant ear and an iron fist.（卡拉扬在1955年被任命为柏林交响乐团终身指挥，从此他就以敏锐的听觉和坚强的手腕控制着这个尊严的乐队。） Economy Minister Zelia Cardoso de Mello is Brazils best foot forward.（经济部长卡多佐德梅洛代表了巴西的新人新政，正在全力以赴，奋起直追。）,以人名借代事物或观念,He reads
21、 Shakespeare. “There is no way to satisfy rival claims(相互冲突的要求),” said lieutenant colonel Patrick J. Garvey.” You want to use crack troops in a surprise attack, unexpected and covered, and yet you stage a Cecil B. De Mille （塞西尔 德米尔式的）operation. The effect is sure to be offset.” （著名导演以埃及艳后中的壮观场面而闻名）,
22、以动、植物借代某种特征,There was one great difference between us. My father had tremendous self-confidence in his judgment. I lacked that confidence, so I tried to get the smartest guys I could find around me. I wanted able people and I didnt care whether they were prickly pears （霸王树上的仙人果）or not.,地理上的局部借代整体,Bu
23、siness lobbyists政治说客 on Capitol Hill（国会）are keeping close tabs密切关注 on what is known as the “Family and Medical Leave Act”.,以工具或容器借代邻近的实体或概念,Palestinian strikes and Israeli curfews （宵禁）are the tit for tat of a lengthening struggle that is causing economic distress on both sides of the battle lines. T
24、he pain is great but so is the determination of the adversaries to soldier on, unaware that a two-way sword takes double toll.（巴勒斯坦人的罢工与以色列的宵禁针锋相对，长期的斗争使双方在经济上同样蒙受损失。双方虽都很痛苦，仍决意冲突下去，殊不知冤冤相报，两败俱伤。） He is a veteran member of the Massachusetts bar.（律师界）,以商品的商标唤起相近的联想,It reads like a movie script from 1960s,that landmark decade of idealism and day-glo politics.（目前的情形有如一部60年代写的电影脚本。那十年是理想主义抬头、浮夸政治盛行的十年。）,以专业术语借代特定的概念,As a defensive-backfield守卫型 coach for Syracuse Universitys football team, Randy Edsall spends hours putting Xs and Os on blackboards and exhorting规劝 players in Saturday showdowns.,
