1、虚拟语气 The Subjunctive Mood,1.英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。,2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不 可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,1.If I were you, I would work hard. 与现在事实相反 2. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.,与过去事实相反,3.If it should rain tomorrow, they would put off the me
2、eting. 4.If she came here tomorrow, she might tell us what has happened to her. 5. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,与将来事实相反,一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法。,条件从句,If 从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,现在,过去,未来,过去时（were）,过去完成时,Would/could/should/might +V.（原）,Would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.过
3、去时 2.should+V. 3. were to do,would/could/should/might +V.（原）,考题点击： I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends .A. am will go B. were , would goC. shall be D. be , must go 2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me then.A. had been , would have helped B. had been, wou
4、ld help C. were, would helpD. were, would have help 3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him?A. are ,going to ask B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, ask,二：虚拟语气特殊句型：,Wish 的宾语从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,过去时（were）,过去完成时,would/could/might+V. should,I wish I （be）a great scientist now I wish I （see）the film
5、 yesterday. I wish she （come）on time tomorrow.,were,had seen,would come,2. Would rather that,现在： 过去： 未来：,1）我宁愿你现在就来这里。,I would rather you hadnt told me that thing yesterday.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,I would rather you came here now.,2）我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我那件事,3. as if /though
6、 + Clause,现在： 过去：,过去时,过去完成时,2）They talked as if they had been friends for years.,1）She loves the baby as if it were her own son.,4.Its (about/high) time +that -,should +V.,过去时,你该走了。,我们该去睡觉了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we
7、 should go to bed.,5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。,1）宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,虚拟语气,Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A. sell B. soldC. shall sell D. would
8、 sell The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man. A. would be engaged to B. be engaged to C. should engaged to D. must be engaged to,注：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气insist 表示“坚决要求”时,用虚拟形式（should + do）; He insisted that all of us （should） be there on time by any means. insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气,表示
9、事实。 He insisted that he was right. suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; The teacher suggested that we (should) clean theblackboard after class. suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。His pale face suggested that he was ill.,以上动词相应的名词：order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和
10、同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样都要用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。,13.,The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given,6.Without，otherwise和but for（要不是）等表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 1）Without sunlight, peoples life would be diffe
11、rent from today. 2）But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. 3）I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.,7. if only 意为：要是.那该多好啊; 真希望.; 由其引起的感叹句，谓语动词的形式与if虚拟条件句相同。 现在：过去（were） 过去：过去完成 将来：would/could/ + v (2003上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I
12、_ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow,8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. Its necessary that we hard.,should study,9. 某些简单句的固定句型：常见的表示祝愿的句子中，谓语动词常使用：1
13、）动词原型2）may+动词原型God bless you!May you succeed!Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：,1.错综时间条件句是指从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。此时，需要按时间来确定虚拟形式。,（1）从句指过去，而主句指现在,从句： had + 过去分词,主句： would/could + 动词原形,If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.,（2）从句指现在，而主句指过去,从句： 过去式（be用were),主句： would/
14、could + have + P.P.,If he knew her, he would have talked with her.,If he had not gone out in the storm, he _ alive now. A. will be B. would beC. would have beenD. is,跟踪练习,错综时间条件句,2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。 1）If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give
15、 it up.,2）If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. 3）If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?,You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. (NMET 1996 )A. drove; did
16、nt getB. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt getD. had driven; wouldnt have got,历年高考真题,How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!,A. has B. had C. will have D. had had,-Do you mind if I open the window? -_ I feel a bit cold.,A. Of course not. B. Id rather you didnt. C. G
17、o ahead. D. Why not?, What courses are you going to do next term? I dont know. But its about time _ on something. A. I would decide B. I decidedC. I decideD. Im deciding,跟踪练习,Robert wishes that he _ business instead of history when he was in university. A. studies B. studiedC. has studiedD. had stud
18、ied,跟踪练习,He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. A. would come B. cameC. would have comeD. had come,跟踪练习,虚拟语气,Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A. would have missed B. had missedC. would miss D. missed 2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. He would be stil
19、l alive today if he _ that drug. A.not take B.shouldnt have taken C.didnt take D.hadnt taken,Exercises,虚拟语气,3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.)A. listened B. had listenedC. should listen D. would listen 4. I wish this bus _ to the university.A. go B. wentC. has gone D. had gone,虚拟语气,5. Simo
20、n looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 6. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A. had been B. were C. was D. been 7. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then.A. would lend B. would have lentC. could lend D. may have lent,
