1、2000年博士生入学考试英语辅导 （听力部分）,黄 年 根解放军理工大学工程兵工程学院,Listening Comprehension,Section A: ConversationsUsually there is a direction telling what is to be tested and displaying an example for you. If you are familiar with all this, it is not necessary to read all the directions or to listen carefully. Instead y
2、ou make use of this short span of time to have a glance over the following nine choices so as to have a rough idea of what is to be really tested.,Listening Comprehension,Types of Questionsfigures:dates, days, time, prices, ages, years seasons, streets, telephone, etc How many(persons) / dozens of)?
3、 How many minutes fast/slow/late? How much doesspend/save/earn/borrow/lend/pay? How old /often/far is How long does it taketo/stay in? When /At what timebegin/finish? When /On which dayarrive/want to leave?,Listening Comprehension,Note: teen和 ty的区别和千以上数的辨记。 街道、房间、汽车、电话等号码的习惯表达方法，如320读成three twenty或t
4、hreetwozero； 价格的习惯表达。如$1995读成nineteen ninetyfive。 时间表达上英美的差异，如1：45可读成a quarter to two或one fortyfive; 2：00 pm.可读成two pm.或fourteen hundred hours(14:00). 年代、世纪口头与书面表达的差异，如20世纪写成19，in the eighteen forties应理解为19世纪40年代。,Listening Comprehension,Note: 单位的换算。如星期、日期、时、分的换算进率分别为7、30/31、24、60等。再如a quarter指时间是15
5、分钟，指月份是一季度(三个月)，指百分比为25%。 倍数意义的表达。如times, twice, couple, a pair of, half of, double, onethird, percentage等等。 注意诸如late(later),early(earlier),delay, start, ahead of, fast, slow, increase, add等与时间数字有关的词，以帮助理解和计算。,Listening Comprehension,Types of Questions Places: 抓住与特定场所有关的词、词组和句型，推断暗示的地点. Where does t
6、his conversation(most probably) take place? Where is this conversation(most probably)taking place? Where does the man/woman plan/want to go? Where does the man/woman prefer to live/stay? Where is the man/woman working/living now? What place did the man/woman visit first/last? Where are the speakers
7、now? Where is from? Where have they been to?,Listening Comprehension,听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达 Hospital:medicine,operation,doctor,patient,nurse,ward,fever,cough,headache,temperature,bloodpressure, dizzy, rundown；What seems to be the trouble? Bank:account, cheque, interest rate,cash,tellers window, deposit
8、,dollar,pound,open on account,withdraw some money Post-office: stamp, envelope, parcel, postage, registered mail,air mail,ordinary mail, telegram, money order Hotel: reception desk, front desk, vacant room, single/double room, twin bed, reserve, check in, check out, porter, tip, full, room service,L
9、istening Comprehension,听力考试中常见的与地点有关的词汇和表达 Restaurant: order,menu,bill,waiter,drink,salad,soup,dessert,roast beef,steak,go Dutch;Its my treat.Are you ready to order now?Im full. School:professor,exam,campus,degree,semester,term,assignment, grade, score, paper, lab test, course, credit Store: size,co
10、lor,style,price,fashion,cheap,expensive,counter,pay；What can I do for you? Is there anything I can do for you? Id like to see Airport:departure,flight,take off,security clearance,green/red channel,boarding pass,check in,gate Customs:duty free,fill in the form.Do you have anything to declare? Library
11、: catalogue,list,renew,borrow,due,Listening Comprehension,地点部分的答题其它要领： 根据选择项中地点名词前的介词推断提问。 听清问题。 熟悉世界上主要国家和英、美、加拿大主要城市的名称。,Listening Comprehension,人物类的常见提问形式： What is the man/woman? Who is the man/woman? What/who are the speakers? What is the mans/womans profession/occupation/job? What is(probably)t
12、he relationship between the man and the woman/the two speakers? Who hascalled to came over(to fix)? Who willgo to for help?,Listening Comprehension,人物类问题答题要领 利用每题之间的短暂停顿，浏览试题选择项，确定问题与职业有关、与身份有关，还是与说话者的角色有关。如选择项是单数名词，即问职业、角色；如选择项为复数名词或两种身份，则问的是人物关系。 体会讲话人的口气、语调、称呼，从而判断对话者之间的关系。 熟悉与某一职业相关的常用词汇与表达（参见地点
13、部分），如：老师与学生、营业员与顾客、医生与患者之间的用词肯定不同。,Listening Comprehension,推断类题常见提问形式： What does the man/woman mean/imply? What can we learn/infer/conclude from the conversation? What can be inferred from the mans/womans reply/response? What is the mans/womans attitude towards? What does the woman/man think of the
14、idea/play? How does the man feel about the plan/proposal? What conclusion can we draw from the womans statement?,Listening Comprehension,推断类问题的答题要领： 留意对话人的语音、语调，捕捉其“弦外之音”。一般说来降调表示肯定、赞同；升调表示疑问、否定，尤其是一般疑问句用降调、陈述句用升调时。注意讲话人经常采用虚拟语气的形式表达反意，如： should have done sth. 应该做而未做 shouldnt have done sth.不应该做而做了 n
15、eednt have done sth. 不必做而实际做了 might have done sth. 本可以做而实际未做 善于联想，揭示事物之间的相关性； 注意but后面的信息。,Listening Comprehension,Section B Passages 短文部分提问形式主要分为主题类和细节类两大类。 主题类即对短文的中心思想、主旨大意进行提问： What is the main topic/idea of the passage? What (do you think)is the best title of the passage? What is the most suitab
16、le title of the passage? What does the passage advise us to do? What does the story imply? What can we learn/infer from the passage? What does the passage mainly talk about?,Listening Comprehension,细节类问题对短文中涉及的情节、人物、事情的因与果进行提问。 What is the primary cause of ? What is the reason for? Why is it necessa
17、ry/important for sb. to do? What is the purpose of? According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE/NOT TRUE(mentioned/not mentioned)? According to the passage,which of the following is(not)the reason for? How does sb.(the writer/speaker)feel about? What does the speaker/writer seem most con
18、cerned about?,Listening Comprehension,短文的答题要领 听前扫视选择项，预测短文内容和可能提出的问题。 注意开头结尾，抓住主题思想和大意。 在听懂原文的基础上，还要听懂所提的问题，避免答非所问。 沉着应对，遇有生词不要慌乱着急，利用 that is, in other words, namely 等解释性词句和文中的例子，追加理解错过的或不懂的内容。,Listening Comprehension,1、对话单项 2、短文 3、综合 要求：课后大量练习， 熟悉各种听力材料和声音。平时练习的难度应适当超过考试水平。,听 力 练 习,听 力 练 习,下一讲：写作,Goodbye,
