1、,名词 Noun (n.),冠词 Article (art.),词类（十种）,表示人或事物的名称。,用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。,oh, hello, hi,a (an), the,and, or, but,表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等感情。,in, on, of, to, under,用来代替名词、形容词或数词。,表示名词、代词等和句中其它词的关系。,用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。,boy, pencil, book, backpack,代词 Pronoun (pron.),数词 Numeral (num.),表示数量或顺序,副词 Adverb (adv.),not, too,
2、here, often,修饰动词、形容词或其它副词,连词 Conjunction (conj.),感叹词 Interjection (interj.),介词 Preposition (prep.),表示动作或状态,动词 Verb (v.),watch, go can,be(am/is/are),old, red, fine, good,形容词 Adjective (adj.),we, that, his, what,用于修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。,one, thirteen, first,Parts of Speech,谓语 The Predicate 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么” 或者
3、“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分 里主要的词）用动词。谓语和主语 在“人称”和“数”两方面 必须一致。,主语 The Subject 表示句子所说的是“什么人” 或“什么事物”，一般由名词、 代词或相当于名词的词或 短语充当。,状语 The Adverbial 用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般表示 行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度 等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或 相当于副词的词或短语等 来充当。,宾语 The Object 表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词 或相当于名词的词或短语等充当， 和及物动词一起说明主语 “做什么”。,表语 The Predicative 说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样
4、”， 由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词 的词或短语等充当，和系动词 一起构成谓语。,常用句子成分,She often goes to the movies.,Are you ready?,Beijing is not very cold in winter.,They are teachers. She could swim at the age of four.,Im sorry to keep you waiting for long.,He is playing soccer.,We were at home last night.,Can I ask some questions?,
5、He has a toothache. We are learning math.,Lucy is an American girl.,定语 The Attribute 用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的 除形容词外，还有代词、数词、 名词、介词短语或相当于形容词 的词或短语等。,Peel three bananas. Whats your name?,宾语补足语 The Object Complement 某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语， 意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语 通常由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语用来表示宾语所发出的 动作或身份、特征等，名词、形容词、介词短语、 动
6、词不定式等都可作宾补。,He helps kidsto learn to read.,Members of Sentences,第 1 种 S + V,第 2 种 S + V + O,第 5 种 S + V + O + O C,I like bananas.,主谓结构,We exercise.,主谓宾结构,主谓宾宾补结构,第4 种 S + V + IN O+ D O,第 3 种 S + V + P,简单句的五种基本句型,She gave me a pen.,主谓间宾直宾结构,They are students.,主系表结构,He made the boy laugh.,Types of Sim
7、ple Sentences,并列句 The Compound Sentence 由并列连词（and, so,but, or 等）把两个 或两个以上的简单句 连在一起而构成的句子。,句子的类型,简单句 The Simple Sentence 由一个主语（或并列主语） 和一个谓语（或并列谓语） 构成的句子。,复合句 The Complex Sentence 由一个主句和一个或 一个以上的从句构成的句子。,Types of Sentences,I get up at six in the morning.,Some students walk or ride bikes to school.,Moz
8、art started writing music when he was four years old.,She doesnt like science, and she thinks its boring.,I think Screen City has the most comfortable seats,School starts at eight, so I get up at six thirty.,Ed has a great sports collection, but he doesnt Play sports.,My mother and I often go shoppi
9、ng.,People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.,定语 Would you like something to drink?,分词 (Present Participle）现在分词 (Past Participle) 过去分词,动名词 （Gerund) “ V.ing + ”,动词不定式 (The infinitive) “to + verb (+.)”,Non-restrictive verbs,(主语) Reading in bed is bad for your eyes,(宾语) Do you e
10、njoy living in China?,主语 To learn an art is very hard. (Its very hard to learn an art.),（状语）1.They walked into the room, talking and laughing. （宾补）2 Sorry to keep you waiting long. （定语）3 China is a fast developing country.,（表语）1 They were all surprised to hear the news. （定语）2 The lost time can never
11、 be found again. （宾补）3 He found himself lost in the forest. （状语）4 United, we stand; divided, we fall.,（表语）Your task iscleaning the window.,表语 My job is to feed the animals on the farm.,宾补 I often hear the girl sing in the next room.,宾语 I really like to watch football matches.,状语 Hes come to borrow y
12、our pen .,非谓语动词,定语从句 (The attributive clause) 在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词，用作定语的从 叫做定语从句,宾语从句 (The object clause) 宾语从句在复合句中作主句 的宾语。,状语从句 (The adverbial clause) 修饰主句的动词、形容词或 副词等的从句。根据它表达的 意思可分为时间、原因、条件、 比较、结果、目的和让步 等类型。,Complex Sentences,(3) 由连接代词或副词引导。 I didnt know who the man was Thomas wants to know where Nin
13、a lives.,(1) 由that引导 （在口语和非正式文体中常省略） I dont think (that) differences are important in a friendship.,She could read by herself when she was four years old.,引导定语从句指人的 关联词有关系代词 who、 whom、whose、that 等。 I know the man who/that is standing at the gate.,Li Lei swims better than Jim (does).,引导定语从句指时间、地点和 原因
14、的关联词有关系副词有 when, where, why 等。 Ill remember the house where I was born for ever.,引导定语从句指物的 关联词有关系代词有 that, which等。 She copies everything which/that I do.,（2） 由连词whether 或if 引导（口语中常用if) She asked me whether/if she could borrow these books,Although the traffic was heavy, We got to the railway station
15、on time.,I didnt go surfing, because it was too cold.,He sat in the dark so that he couldnt be seen.,If you travel in India, you can use English everywhere.,He was so weak that he couldnt walk on.,(主从)复合句,初中英语八大时态,I am a student. He gets up at six every day. The sun rises from the east.,The train ha
16、d left when I got there. We had lived here for five years before you came to Beijing.,He said that he would come to see me soon.,目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态,到某一过去时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在状态 从过去某一时间持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,从过去某一动作或时间看来计划或打算做某事或将要发生的动作或状态,过去完成的动作或事情对现在的影响发生在过去且持续至今的动作或存在的状态,They will go to Beijing tomorrow. It is
17、going to rain soon.,We have already seen the film before. How long has he learned English?,What are you doing now? I am learning English.,目前存在的状态； 经常性、习惯性的动作 自然现象,一般现在时,一般将来时,计划或打算做某事 将要发生的动作或存在的状态,过去进行时,Tom was doing homework that time. They were building a road those days.,过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作、所做的事情,过
18、去完成时,过去将来时,现在完成时,过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一般过去时,He wrote a letter last night. We were at home yesterday.,现在进行时,8 Tenses in Junior High School,被动语态,Many people speak English.(主动） English is spoken by many people.,They had learnt ten English songs by the end of last week.(主动） Ten English songs had been learnt by
19、 them by the end of last week.,He said he would do it again.(主动） He said it would be done again by him.,am/is/are + being + P.P.,had + been + P.P.,would + be + P.P.,have / has + been + P.P.,They will plant more trees.(主动） More trees will be planted by them.,We have already seen the film.(主动） The fil
20、m has already been seen by us .,They are doing their homework now.(主动） Their homework is being done now.,am/is/are + P.P.,一般现在时,一般将来时,Will + be + P.P.,过去进行时,was/were + being + P.P.,过去完成时,过去将来时,现在完成时,was/were + P.P.,一般过去时,He wrote a letter last night.(主动） A letter was written by him last night.,现在进行时,We were building a road at that time.(主动） A road was being built at that time.,The Passive Voice,
