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1浙江省江北区 2017-2018学年八年级数学上学期期末考试试题考生须知:全卷共 4页,有三大题,25 小题.满分 100分,考试时间 90分钟.温馨提醒:请认真审题,细心答题,相信你是最棒的! 1. 选择题(每小题 3分,10 小题,共 30分)1.在平面直角坐标系中,点(2,-3)所在的象限是………………………………( ▲ )A.第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限2.不等式 3x的解是………………………………………………………………( ▲ )A. 2 B. 23x C. 32x D. 32x3.以下图形中对称轴条数最多的是……………………………………………………( ▲ ) 4.函数 y= 21x中,自变量 x的取值范围是………………………………………( ▲ )A.x>﹣2 B.x≠0 C.x>﹣2 且 x≠0 D.x≠﹣25.如图,在△ABC 中,∠A=35°,∠C=45°,则与∠ABC 相邻的外角的度数是…( ▲ )A.35° B.45° C.80° D.100°(第 5题图) (第 6题图)6.如图所示,在△ABC 中,AB=AC,D、E 分别是 AC、AB 的中点,且 BD,CE 相交于 O点,某一位同学分析这个图形后得出以下结论: ①△BCD≌△CBE; ②△BDA≌△CEA;③△BOE≌△COD; ④△BAD≌△BCD;⑤△ACE≌△BCE,上述结论一定正确的是( ▲ )A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①③⑤ D.①③④7. 下列各组数中,不能作为直角三角形三边长的是…………………………………( ▲ )2A.1.5,2,3 B.5,12,13 C.7,24,25 D.8,15,178.已知等腰三角形的其中两边长分别为 4,9,则这个等腰三角形的周长是……( ▲ )A.13 B.17 C.22 D.17 或 229. 在平面直角坐标系中,若有一点 P(2,1)向上平移 3个单位或向左平移 4个单位,恰好都在直线 y=kx+b上,则 k的值是…………………………………………………( ▲ )A. 21 B. 43 C. 4 D.210.如图,点 D是正△ABC 内的一点,DB=3,DC=4,DA=5,则∠BDC 的度数是…( ▲ )A.120° B.135° C.140° D.150°(第 10题图) 二.填空题(每题 3分,8 小题,共 24分)11.小明的身高 h超过了 160cm,用不等式可表示为 ▲ . 12.命题“若 a,b互为倒数,则 ab=1”的逆命题是 ▲ .13.已知△ABC≌△DEF,若 AB=5,BC=6,AC=8,则△DEF 的周长是 ▲ . 14.在第二象限到 x轴距离为 2,到 y轴距离为 5的点的坐标是 ▲ . 15.在 Rt△中有一个内角为 30°, 且 斜 边 和 较 短 直 角 边 之 和 为 15cm, 则 这 个 直 角 三 角 形 的 斜 边长 上 的 中 线 长 为 ▲ c m.16.已知等腰三角形的腰长为 xcm,顶角平分线与对边的交点到一腰的距离为 4cm,这个等腰三角形的面积为 ycm2,则 y与 x的函数关系式为 ▲ .17.如图,在 Rt△ABC 中,∠C=90°,斜边 AB的垂直平分线交 AB于点 E,交 BC于点 D,若∠B=35°,则∠CAD= ▲ °.(第 17题图) (第 18题图)318. 一次函数 bkxy的图象经过 A(-1,1)和 B(- 7 ,0),则不等式组 xbk0的解为 ▲ .三.解答题(7 小题,共 46分) 19.(本小题 5分)解不等式组 ,132)(7x 并把它的解表示在数轴上.20.(本小题 5分)请你用直尺和圆规作图(要求:不必写作法,但要保留作图痕迹).已知:∠AOB,点 M、N.求作:点 P,使点 P到 OA、OB 的距离相等,且 PM=PN. (第 20题图) 21.(本小题 6分)如图,C 是线段 AB的中点,CD∥BE,且 CD=BE,求证:AD=CE.(第 21题图) 22. (本小题 6分)如图,△ABC 在平面直角坐标系内.(1)试写出△ABC 各顶点的坐标;(2)求出△ABC 的面积. (第 22题图) 02344423.(本小题 7分)宁波某企业新增了一个化工项目,为了节约资源,保护环境,该企业决定购买A、B 两种型号的污水处理设备共 10台,具体情况如下表:经预算,企业最多支出 136万元购买设备,且要求月处理污水能力不低于 2150吨.(1)该企业有哪几种购买方案?(2)哪种方案更省钱?并说明理由.24.(本小题 7分)甲、乙两人匀速从同一地点到 1500米处的图书馆看书,甲出发 5分钟后,乙以50米/分的速度沿同一路线行走. 设甲、乙两人相距 s(米),甲行走的时间为 t(分), s关于t的函数图象的一部分如图所示.(1)求甲行走的速度;(2)在坐标系中,补画 s关于 t函数图象的其余部分,并写出已画图象另一个端点的坐标;(3)问甲、乙两人何时相距 390米?(第 24题图)25. (本小题 10分)如图,已知∠ABC=90°,△ABE 是等边三角形,点 P为射线 BC上任意一点(点 P与点 B不重合),连接 AP,将线段 AP绕点 A逆时针旋转 60°得到线段 AQ,连接 QE并延长交射线 BC于点 F.(1)如图,当 BP=BA时,∠EBF=______°,猜想∠QFC =______°;(2)如图,当点 P为射线 BC上任意一点时,猜想∠QFC 的度数,并加以证明.(3)已知线段 AB= 34,设 BP=x,点 Q到射线 BC的距离为 y,求 y关于 x的函数关系式.A型 B型价格(万元/台) 15 12月污水处理能力(吨/月) 250 2005(第 25题图) (第 25题备用图) 62017学年第一学期八年级期末测试数学答案一、选择题(每小题 3分,共 30分)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10D B B D C A A C B D二、填空题(每小题 3分,共 24分)11. h>160 12. 若 ab=1,则 a,b互为倒数 13. 19 14. (-5,2) 15. 5 16. y=4x 17. 20 18. - 7x-1 三、解答题(7 小题,共 46分)19. (5 分) 3x1 (图略)两个不等式的解各 1分,不等式组的解 2分,图 1分20.(5 分)(作图略) 作出一条得 2分,不写结论扣一分21.(6 分)证明:∵C 是 AB的中点(已知),∴AC=CB(线段中点的定义), ……………1 分∵CD∥BE(已知),∴∠ACD=∠B(两直线平行,同位角相等) ……………2 分在△ACD 和△CBE 中,BE∠CDA,∴△ACD≌△CBE(SAS). ……………5 分∴AD=CE. ……………6 分22.(6分) 解:(1)由图可知:A(6,6),B(0,3),C(3,0).…3 分(2)S△ABC=S 正方形 AEOD—S△AEB—S△OBC—S△ACD=6×6- 21×3×6- ×3×3- 21×3×6= 7 …6分(其它割补求面积或利用等腰三角形求得面积亦可)723.(7 分)(1)解:设购买污水处理设备 A型号 x台,则购买 B型号(10-x)台,根据题意,得0215≥x)-20(+536≤x……………2分解这个不等式组,得: ∵x 是整数∴x=3 或 x=4或 x=5. ……………3 分 当 x=3时,10-x=7;当 x=4时,10-x=6;当 x=5时,10-x=5.答:有 3种购买方案:第一种是购买 3台 A型污水处理设备,7 台 B型污水处理设备.第二种是购买 4台 A型污水处理设备,6 台 B型污水处理设备;第三种是购买 5台 A型污水处理设备,5 台 B型污水处理设备. ……………4 分(2)当 x=3时,购买资金为 15×3+12×7=129(万元),当 x=4时,购买资金为 15×4+12×6=132(万元),当 x=5时,购买资金为 15×5+12×5=135(万元).因为 135>132>129,所以为了节约资金,应购污水处理设备 A型号 3台,B 型号 7台.(用一次函数 y=3x+120增减性说明也可以) ……………7 分答:购买 3台 A型污水处理设备,7 台 B型污水处理设备更省钱.824.(7分) 解:(1)甲行走的速度为: 3051(米/分). ……………2 分(2)补画 s关于 t函数图象如图所示,已画图象另一个端点的坐标(50,0);……………4分(3) ,分分 5.12.75)30(15在 x轴上拐点坐标为(12.5,0)当 t=12.5和 t=50时,s=0;当 t=35时,s=450,当 .2t时,由待定系数法可求:s=20t-250,令 390s,即 20t-250=390,解得 t=32. ……………6分当 5t时,由待定系数法可求:s=-30t+1500,令 ,即-30t+1500=390,解得 t=37. ………… …7分(不用一次函数,用其它追及问题解法说明也可以)∴甲行走 32分钟或 37分钟时,甲、乙两人相距 390米.25.(10 分 )解:(1)∠EBF=30°; ∠QFC=60°; ……………2 分(2)∠QFC=60°. ……………3 分解法 1:不妨设 BP>AB,如图 1所示.∵∠BAP=∠BAE+∠EAP=60°+∠EAP,∠EAQ=∠QAP+∠EAP=60°+∠EAP,∴∠BAP=∠EAQ. ……………4 分在△ABP 和△AEQ 中AB=AE,∠BAP=∠EAQ,AP=AQ,∴△ABP≌△AEQ.(SAS) ∴∠AEQ=∠ABP=90°. ……………6分∴∠BEF=180°-∠AEQ-∠AEB=180°-90°-60°=30°.9∴∠QFC=∠EBF+∠BEF=30°+30°=60°. ……………7 分(事实上当 BP≤AB 时,如图 2情形,不失一般性结论仍然成立,不分类讨论不扣分)解法 2:设 AP交 QF于 M,∠QMP 为△AMQ 和△FMP 共同的外角,∴∠QMP=∠Q+∠PAQ=∠APB+∠QFC,由△ABP≌△AEQ 得∠Q=∠APB,由旋转知∠PAQ=60°,∴∠QFC=∠PAQ=60°.(3)在图 1中,过点 F作 FG⊥BE 于点 G,过点 Q作 QH⊥BC 于点 H,∵△ABE 是等边三角形,∴BE=AB= 34,由(1)得∠EBF=30°,在 Rt△BGF 中, 321BEG∴FG=2,BF=4,∴EF=BF=4, …………8 分∵△ABP≌△AEQ,∴QE=PB=x,∴QF=QE+EF=x+4, …………9 分由(2)得∠QFC=60°,∴在 Rt△QHF 中,∠FQH=30°)4(23xQFHy(x>0 不写不扣分) …… …10 分即 y关于 x的函数关系式是: 32y(x>0).1浙江省江北区 2017-2018 学年八年级科学上学期期末考试试题1、本试卷满分为 100 分,考试时间为 90 分钟。2、本卷 g 取 10N/kg,可能用到的相对原子量:H-1,C-12,O-16一、选择题(本题共 20 小题,每小题 2 分,共 40 分。请选出每小题中一个符合题意的选项,不选、错选均不给分)1、我国“辽宁号”航母甲板上涂有耐高温、耐磨的碳化硅(SiC)涂层,碳化硅的结构类似于金刚石的结构,则构成碳化硅的粒子是( ▲ )A、原子 B、分子 C、离子 D、中子2、樟树是宁波的市树。某村口有一颗千年古樟如图,因遭雷击火烧,树干仅剩两片“树皮”,在 12 月的初冬却依然郁郁葱葱,被当地人称为“树坚强”,这是因为古樟的两片“树皮”保留了茎的( ▲ )A、部分木质部 B、部分韧皮部 C、部分形成层 D、部分韧皮部和木质部 3、在粗盐提纯的实验中,下列操作不正确的是( ▲ )4、现代医学已经发展出成分输血,即有针对性地为患者补充血液中缺少的成分,一旦受伤就血流不止者应该输入( ▲ )A、血浆 B、血小板 C、白细胞 D、红细胞5、下列选项中,符合“压力一定时,受力面积越小,压力的作用效果越明显”这一原理的是( ▲ )6、为了延长瓶养花的花期,某同学利用灭菌的土壤浸出液替代一般的水来养花,结果发现花的存活时间延长了。该同学对花枝的处理及培养装置如图所示。在 对该瓶养花的生理描述中,最有可能无法进行的是( ▲ )2A、光合作用 B、呼吸作用 C、吸收水分 D、吸收无机盐7、美国科学家卡尔•克利特在真空条件下,成功制得盐粒状的“氮 5”(化学式为 N5),在制取“氮 5”的实验中,它曾发生了爆炸,摧毁了实验室的设备。因此科学家认为,如果能让这种物质保持稳定,它可以成为火箭和导弹的理想燃料。有关“氮5”的说法不正确的是( ▲ )A、“氮 5”的化学性质不稳定 B、每个 N5分子由 1 种元素组成C、 “氮 5”是一种单质 D、真空条件下“氮 5”是一种固体8、近一年来,“笑气”已经成了不少年轻人的时髦新宠。“笑气”别名一氧化二氮,化学式 N2O,具有麻醉作用,吸入它会让人感到愉快发笑甚至产生幻觉。长期吸食笑气,会引起缺氧继而引发高血压、晕厥甚至突发心脏病,尤其会损伤人的脊髓。笑气进入血液后,最先到达心脏四个腔中的( ▲ )A、左心房 B、左心室 C、右心房 D、右心室9、如图所示,把一张小纸片放在水平的硬币的上表面,松手后纸片不是单独飘落而是和硬币贴在一起下落,使纸片跟硬币贴在一起的力最有可能是( ▲ )A、分子间引力 B、摩擦力 C、重力 D、大气压10、生物体的许多生命活动过程都具有一定的方向性或一定的顺序,下列归纳不正确的是( ▲ ) A、水分在植物体内运输方向:根→茎→叶B、血液在血管中流动方向:动脉→静脉→毛细血管C、人体内二氧化碳扩散的方向:组织细胞→静脉血→肺泡D、食物在人体消化道内开始消化的先后顺序:淀粉→蛋白质→脂肪11、下列四幅图中,其运动过程主要利用浮力来实现的是( ▲ )12、如图 12 所示是肾脏的结构和功能单位 ——肾单位,箭头表示形成尿液的两个主要过程,表中的三种液体取自肾单位的不同部位。下列说法正确的是( ▲ )A、箭头②表示肾小管的重吸收作用3B、X 液体取自于图中所示的结构④C、⑥中液体与①相比,无机盐和尿素的含量大大升高D、若③中液体含有少量红细胞极有可能是⑤过程发生了 异常13、如图13 所示,金属小球放在 a 处,然后沿粗糙导轨由静止开始自由滑下,依次经过 b 处、c 处,到达 d 处时恰好停下(不计空气对其作用力),下列说法正确的是( ▲ )A、小球在 b 点时受三个力的作用B、小球到达 c 点的瞬间,速度为零C、若小球到达 d 点的瞬间所有外力消失,则球会做匀速直线运动D、若换用质量稍大的同种球来做实验,球到达 b 点的速度会变大14、下列科学知识的描述中正确的是( ) A、胆囊分泌的胆汁对脂肪起乳化作用B、潜水艇在水面下下潜时浮力保持不变C、植物的蒸腾作用促进了根对水分和无机盐的吸收D、晶体与非晶体的本质区别是晶体有规则的几何形状15、下列有关说法符合科学事实的是( ▲ )A、甲图:马德堡半球实验第一次测出了标准大气压的大小B、乙图:牛顿受小球从斜面滚下的实验直接得出了惯性定律C、丙图:阿基米德原理揭示了浮力大小随体积的增大而增大D、丁图:卢瑟福根据 a 粒子散射实验提出原子中存在原子核16、下表是探究唾液淀粉酶对馒头中淀粉的消化作用的几组实验,分析不正确的是( ▲ )A、③处应该填不变蓝色4B、第一组和第三组对比说明温度影响酶的活性C、该实验证明 37℃时唾液淀粉酶的活性最高D、若要探究唾液淀粉酶是否对淀粉有消化作用,①处应该填 2ml 淀粉+1ml 清水17、小科利用冰的密度,使用如下方法来估测积雪的密度:利用平整地面上的积雪,脚向下用力踩在雪上,形成一个下凹的脚印,脚印下的雪可近似看成冰层(如图所示),然后只需测量下列选项的( ▲ )就可以估测出积雪的密度。A、脚印的深度和脚印的面积 B、冰层的厚度和脚印的面积C、积雪的厚度和脚印的深度D、积雪的厚度和脚印的面积18、一个立方体木块,细线的一端跟木块底部相连,另一端固定在容器底,如图甲所示(容器高比细线与木块边长之和大得多),现向容器中慢慢加水直到加满,如图乙所示。用 F 浮 表示木块受到的浮力,用 F 绳 表示绳子受到的拉力,用 h 表示容器中水的深度,则下列图像正确的是( ▲ )19、元素周期表中,同周期元素的结构和性质呈现一定的规律性变化。下表列出的是第三周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价(部分信息未列出)。下列有关说法不正确的是( ▲ )元素 Na Mg ① Si P ② Cl原子的最外层电子数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7原子半径(10-10m) 1.86 1.60 1.43 ③ 1.10 1.02 0.994最高正价最低负价+1 +2④+4-4+5-3⑤+7-1加入的物质 所给的条件 滴加碘液后的反应第一组 2ml 淀粉+1ml 唾液 90℃,10 分钟 变蓝色第二组 ① 37℃,10 分钟 ②第三组 2ml 淀粉+1ml 唾液 37℃,10 分钟 ③5A、⑤处的最高正价是+6,最低负价是-2 B、③处的数值介于 1.10—1.43 之间C、第三周期元素(Na—Cl)的最高正价数等于其原子的最外层电子数D、元素①的原子序数是 13,①和②形成的化合物的化学式为 AlS20、如图所示,用两支完全相同的密度计 a、b 分别测甲、乙两相同容器中的液体密度,两支密度计上端恰好相平,则下列说法正确的是( ▲ )A、甲液体的密度较大 B、b 密度计所排开的液体重力较大C、a 密度计下端受到的液体压强较大 D、乙烧杯底部所受液体压强较大二、简答题(本题共小题,每空 1 分,共 25 分)21、如图所示,快递公司尝试用无人机运送包裹,在带着包裹匀速飞 行 过程中,无人机受到的升力的施力物体是 ▲ ,以无人机为参照物,包裹是 ▲ (填“运动”或“静止”)的。22、2018 年 1 月 5 日,出生于宁波的中国女医药学家屠呦呦继获诺贝 尔 奖之后又有突破性发现 ——双氢青蒿素对红斑狼疮有独特效果,填补了红斑狼疮疾病医疗的空白。双氢青蒿素为白色或类白色结晶粉末或无色针状结晶,其化学式为 C15H24O5。一个双氢青蒿素分子由 ▲ 个原子构成,其中 C、H、O 三种元素的质量比为 ▲ 。 23、元旦刚过,江苏、安徽等地迎来了 2018 年的第一场雪,小科和小伙伴一起玩雪,松散的雪花被捏成雪球,体积变小了, ▲ (填“能”或“否”)说明分子间存在空隙。24、A、B、C、D 表示四种物质,其微观示意图如下所示:(1)从微观角度看,A 图表示:3 ▲ 。(填化学符号)(2)从宏观角度看,图中表示混合物的是 ▲ 。(填字母符号)25、科学家计划利用空间站的激光为太空垃圾减速,使之坠入大气层烧毁。如图,地球轨道上有一废弃卫星,正在绕地球作匀速圆周运动,该卫星 ▲ (填“是”或“否”)受平衡力作用。用大功率激光短暂照射该卫星的__▲____(填“A”或“B”)面,其表面金属直接升华成气体向外喷射而出,因为___▲____的原理导致卫星减速。626、如图是某包装袋上的部分文字说明.(1)这里的钙、铁、磷、锌指的是 ▲ (填“分子”、“原子”或“元素”等)。(2)这袋奶粉中含蛋白质的质量为 ▲ 。27、天宫二号空间实验室已于去年 9 月在酒泉发射中心发射成功,宇航员如何在太空驻留生活呢?请结合人体部分生理活动示意图(其中 A,B,C 代表不同的系统,①~⑦代表生理过程)回答下列问题:(1)航天食品中的糖类是重要的供能物质,淀粉经过 A 后被分解为 ▲ ,完成①过程的主要器官是 ▲ 。(2)航天食品都是流质的,因为固体食品颗粒在失重条件下会进入呼吸道影响⑥、⑦过程,此过程被称为 ▲ ,宇航员参与过程⑦时,膈肌处于 ▲ (填“收缩”或“舒张”)状态。(3)图中④、⑤过程是通过 ▲ 作用完成的。28、如图甲所示为消防队员小科进行爬杆训练的示意图,在某次爬杆训练中,小科沿杆竖直 向上运动的 v(速度)—t(时间)图象如图乙所示,在 0s-6s 时间内,小科受到的摩擦力方向为 ▲ ,小科第 4s 受到的摩擦力 ▲ (填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)第 16s 时受到的摩擦力。29、现有 A、B、C、D 四种元素,A 是地壳中含量最多的元素,B 是空气中含量最多的元素,C 元素的原子核内无中子,D 是人类使用最广泛的金属的组成元素。回答下列问题:(1)写出化学式:B 单质 ▲ ,C 单质 ▲ 。(2)由 A、C、D 三种元素组成的化合物的化学式 ▲ 。730、如图甲为盛水的烧杯,上方有弹簧测力计悬挂的圆柱体,将圆柱体缓慢下降,直至将圆柱体逐渐浸入水中。整个过程中弹簧测力计示数 F 与圆柱体下降高度 h 变化关系的图像如图乙所示,则圆柱体受到的重力是 ▲ N,圆柱体受到的最大浮力是 ▲ N,圆柱体的密度是 ▲ g/cm3。三、实验探究题(本题共 3 小题,每空 2 分,共 20 分)31、小科同学利用如图所示的器材探究液体内部压强的特点:(1)他向图甲中的 U 形管内注入适量的红墨水,当管内的红墨水静止时,U 形管左右两侧液面的高度 ▲ ,这里利用了 ▲ 的原理。(2)如图乙所示,他将橡皮管的一端紧密地套在 U 形管左侧的端口后,多次改变探头在水中的深度,并比较每次的深度及相应的 U 形管左右两侧液面的高度差,这是为了探究▲ 。(3)小敏同学用隔板将玻璃容器均分为两部分,隔板中有一小孔用薄橡皮膜封闭如图丙。下列四个问题中①液体压强是否与液体的深度有关②液体压强是否与液体的密度有关③液体是否对容器的底部产生压强④液体是否对容器的侧壁产生压强,无法用该装置探究的有 ▲ 。32、某学习小组用玉米幼苗作实验材料,利用下图所示实验装置进行探究活动。装置中隔板 与无色透明钟罩之间以及隔板中央小孔与玉米茎之间都用凡士林密封,钟罩内放一盛有某种液体的小烧杯。(1)若培养液浓度 ▲ (填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)玉米根细胞液浓度,会导致玉米植株萎蔫。(2)若小烧杯中的液体是澄清的石灰水,将装置放在暗处一段时间后,小烧杯中的石灰水变浑浊,由此可得出的结论是 ▲ 。(3)若要探究温度对玉米幼苗蒸腾作用的影响,可以把小烧杯移走,通过观察 ▲ (填现象)来判断蒸腾作用的强弱。833、一场关于“水能增大摩擦还是减小摩擦”的辩论正在课堂上上演。小科说:水能增大摩擦,因为农民在使用铁锹时,每当感到有点滑,总往手上吐一口吐沫,这样更容易抓紧铁锹了。小敏说:水能减小摩擦,因为地面有水时,人更容易滑倒。在老师指导下,同学们选用油漆过的木板和未油漆过的木板、木块、弹簧测力计进行实验。用弹簧测力计水平拉着木块在木板上做 ▲ 运动,在无水和有水的表面各做一次,记录如下表:(1)填上题目中的用弹簧测力计水平拉着木块在木板上做 ▲ 运动,木块在油漆过的木板上运动,属于 ▲ 。(填“滑动摩擦”或“滚动摩擦”)(2)上述实验数据表明,水能增大摩擦还是减小摩擦与 ▲ 有关。四、分析计算题(本题共 3 小题,34 小题 6 分,35 小题 5 分、36 小题 4 分,共 15 分)34、如图是在封闭的环境中,花生幼苗一昼夜二氧化碳的吸收和释放的相对含量图。d 点产生的原因是为了降低蒸腾作用,部分 ▲ 关闭。b 点表示该植物的光合作用强度 ▲ (填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)呼吸作用强度,一天内花生幼苗有机物积累最多的点是 ▲ (填字母)。35、如图 1 是一艘完全依靠太阳能驱动的船,该船长 30 米,宽 15 米,排水量 60 吨,船的表面安装有太阳能电池板,若接收的太阳能只用来驱动船前进。在一次航行中,从某一时刻开始,太阳能船收到水平方向的牵引力 F 随时间 t 的变化关系如图 2 甲所示,船的运动速度 v 随时间 t 的变化关系如图 2 乙所示。求:(1)第950s 到第 100s 内太阳能船受到水的阻力为 ▲ N,船前进的距离为多少?(2)满载时太阳能船受到的浮力为多少?36、如图所示,薄壁圆柱形容器甲和圆柱体乙置于水平地面上。容器甲足够高、底面积为5×10-2 m2,盛有质量为 5 千克的水。圆柱体乙的重力为 160 牛。底面积为 8×10-2 m2。(1)求圆柱体乙对水平地面的压强 P 乙 ;(2)若将一物块 A 分别浸没在容器甲的水中、放在圆柱体乙上表面的中央时,水对容器甲底部压强的变化量与圆柱体乙对水平地面压强的变化量相等。求物块 A 的密度 ρ A。102017 学年第一学期八年级学业质量检测(科学试卷)参考答案一、选择题(本题共 20 小题,每小题 2 分,共 40 分。请选出每小题中一个符合题意的选项,不选、错选均不给分)题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10答案 A D C B B A B A D B题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20答案 C B A B D C C B D D2、简答题(本题共 10 小题,每空 1 分,共 25 分)21、 空气 、 静止 。22、 44 、 45:6:20 。23、 否 。24、(1) O2 、(2) CD 。25、 否 、 B 、 力的作用是相互的(或力是改变物体运动状态的原因) 。26、(1) 元素 (2) 75g 。27、(1) 葡萄糖 、 小肠 。(2) 肺通气 、 舒张 。(3) 扩散 。28、 竖直向上 、 大于 。29、(1) N2 、 H2 。(2) Fe(OH)2 或 Fe(OH)3 1130、(1) 12 、 8 、 1.5 。三、实验探究题(本题共 3 小题,每空 2 分,共 20 分)31、(1) 相等 、 连通器 。(2) 液体内部压强与深度的关系 。(3) ③ 。32、(1) 大于 (2) 植物的呼吸作用产生二氧化碳 。(3) 钟罩内水珠多少 。33、(1) 匀速直线 、 滑动摩擦 (3) 接触面的粗糙程度 。4、分析计算题(本题共 3 小题,34 小题 6 分,35 小题 5 分、36 小题 4 分,共 15 分)34、(1) 气孔 (2) 等于 (3) f 。 (每空 2 分)35、(1) 80000 (1 分)25m (2 分)(2)600000N (2 分)1236、解:(1)2000Pa (2 分)(2)1600kg/m 3。 (2 分)1浙江省江北区 2017-2018学年八年级英语上学期期末考试试题 (满分 100分,考试时间 90分钟)听力部分(共三部分,满分 15分)第一节:听小对话,回答问题。 (共计 5分)本部分共有 5个小题,每小题你将听到一段对话,每段对话只听一遍。听完后,选出最佳答案。( ) 1. How does Mr. Green go to work?A. By bike. B. By car. C. By bus ( ) 2. What dose Selina need for the milk shake?A. Honey. B. Yogurt. C. Bananas. ( ) 3. What did Bill do on his last day off?A. He went to the shop. B. He went for a drive. C. He went for a walk ( ) 4. What’s the girl good at?A. Playing the piano. B. Playing the violin. C. Playing games. ( ) 5. What instrument do they like?A. The violin. B. The piano. C. The guitar. 第二节:听长对话,回答问题。 (共计 5分)本部分共有 5个小题,你将听到两段较长的对话,每段对话听两遍。听完后,选出最佳答案。听下面一段较长的对话,回答 6--7两个小题。( ) 6. Where is the girl going?A. She is going to the park. B. She is going to the zoo. C. She is going to the museum. ( ) 7. Whom is the girl going there with?A. Her classmates. B. Her parents. C. Her friends. 听下面一段较长的对话,回答 8--10三个小题。( ) 8. Where did Michael go?A. To a big city. B. To the countryside. 2C. To a beautiful mountain( ) 9. How long did Michael stay there?A. For two days. B. For two weeks. C. For two months.( ) 10. What did Michael do there?A. He watched the animals there. B. He visited the church. C. He went fishing.第三节:听短文,回答问题。 (共计 5分)本部分共有 5个小题,你将听到一篇短文,短文听两遍。听完后,选出最佳答案。( ) 11. How did the girl go to her grandparents’ home?A. By bus. B. By bike. C. On foot.( ) 12. When did the girl get to her grandparents’ home?A. At about 11:00. B. At about 11:30. C. At about 12:30.( ) 13. What did the girl’s grandfather make for her?A. Fruit salad. B. Vegetable salad. C. Turkey sandwich. ( ) 14. Who made a chicken sandwich for the girl?A. Her grandmother. B. Her father. C. Her mother. ( ) 15. What did the girl make for her grandparents?A. An apple milk shake. B. A banana milk shake.C. A watermelon milk shake. 笔试部分(共六部分,满分 85分)一、完形填空(本题有 15个小题,每小题 1分,共计 15分)阅读下面短文,掌握大意,然后从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。It is very important to 16 healthy. I have a neighbor. She is an old lady. She can do all the housework, 17 the newspaper, watch TV and search on the Internet to learn something 18 . I often see 19 do Tai Chi(太极) in the morning and dance in the evening. She looks young and beautiful 20 she is over seventy. Last week a reporter from a magazine interviewed her and asked 21 she kept so young and healthy. She replied with a 22 :“ I have a secret of saying young and healthy. It is quite 23 . Keep your mind active. Take an interest in the world 24 3you, and learn at least one new thing every day. Try to do different kinds of housework and do sports as 25 as you can. Don’t think you are too 26 to go back to 27 . I know a man who entered a medical college when he was 70 years old. He studied there for 6 years and now he is a doctor. 27 man went to a tennis school at the age of 71 and now he does well in 29 tennis.”Please tell the story to your family. It would be a good start to 30 the lady’s example. I hope all people will stay young and healthy.( ) 16. A. open B. stay C. ask D. take( ) 17. A. look B. read C. see D. watch ( ) 18. A. old B. simple C. new D. upset( ) 19. A. her B. him C. other D. others( ) 20. A. than B. since C. though D. because( ) 21. A. what B. why C. who D. how( ) 22. A. smile B. worry C. surprise D. flu( ) 23. A. early B. dear C. easy D. late( ) 24. A. under B. around C. above D. between( ) 25. A. soon B. busily C. hardly D. often( ) 26. A. young B. clever C. free D. old( ) 27. A. place B. song C. school D. dance( ) 28. A. Other B. Others C. Another D. Any( ) 29. A. buying B. play C. buy D. playing( ) 30. A. follow B. give C. make D. bring二、阅读理解(本题有 15个小题,每小题 2分,共计 30分)阅读下面材料,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALook at the instructions (说明) on the bottle of the medicine and then choose the right answer. John is twelve years old. He had a bad cold and coughed day and night. He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him some cough medicine.Cough MedicineShake (摇动) it well before use.Take it three times each day before meals.Dose(药量):Age: over 14: 2 teaspoonfuls(勺) ;8—13: 1 teaspoonful;4—7: 1/2 teaspoonful.Not right for children below the age of three. Put it in a cold place. Use it before January,1st,2019.4( ) 31. John should take ______ a day.A.2 teaspoonfuls B. 3 teaspoonfuls C. 1/2 teaspoonful D.1 teaspoonful( ) 32. The medicine should be kept in ______.A. a fridge B. hot water C. any place D. the sun( ) 33. When people are ______ years old, they can’t take this medicine.A. eighty B. thirty C. two D. twelveBIf you have too many things to do and you feel tired and worried, you might feel better if you give something up. Sometimes lots of activities even if they’re all fun—can make you feel worried by keeping you busy all the time. On the other hand, if you have problems at home, in fact, some after-school activities may help you relax and feel better.There are also relaxing exercises that you can use to keep stress away. The easiest one is to breathe in slowly and deeply through your nose, and then exhale slowly through your mouth. Do this two to four times. You can do breathing exercises at any time. You can even do breathing exercises if you’re nervous before a test.The best way to keep stress away is to have a balanced life. That means making good decisions about how to spend your time. If you’re always busy with schoolwork and have no time to play, you can get tired. Make sure you take good care of yourself: sleep, exercise, rest(something fun), and food.If you get enough sleep and food, and if you exercise and have time for fun, 5you’ll probably be less worried!( ) 34. What may be helpful if you have problems at home?A. Helping parents do a part-time job. B. Doing some housework.C. Doing some after-school activities. D. Watching your favorite TV.( ) 35.Which is the best way to keep stress away?A. Doing exercise at any time.B. Doing breathing exercises in class.C. Taking care of yourself and getting much food to eat.D. Making good decisions about how to spend time.( ) 36.Which of the following is TRUE?A. Doing exercise can’t help you keep stress away.B. If you get enough sleep, you will never be worried.C. You feel tired because you have problems at home.D. Too many activities can make you feel worried.( ) 37. What does the underlined word “exhale” mean in Chinese?A. 吸气 B. 呼气 C. 屏气 D. 憋气CWhen he was small, Hill was a famous bad boy.At the age of 9, his father married his stepmother (继母) . His father introduced Hill to his stepmother as he said, “ This is Hill, my son. He is the worst boy in town.”To Hill’s surprise, his stepmother went up to him with a smile, held up his head and looked at him carefully. She then turned around to tell her husband,” You’re wrong. He is not the worst boy, but the cleverest and creative boy. Only he doesn’t find a place to show himself.”His stepmother’s words warmed his heart, his eyes were full of tears. With this, he and his stepmother became good friends. And this became the drive(动力)of his life, making him create 28 successful golden rules.Before his stepmother came, no one found him a smart boy, and his father and 6neighbors thought he was a bad boy. However, his stepmother’s words changed his life.When Hill was 14 years old, his step mother bought him a used typewriter(打字机) and said to him,” I believe you will become a writer.” Hill accepted his stepmother’s gift and hope, and started writing things to a local newspaper.His stepmother’s words made him a rich man and famous writer in the United States and one of the most important persons in the 20th century.Praise will be necessary, especially for children. A sincere(真诚)praise may be better than 10,000 bad words.( ) 38.What did people think of Hill before the age of nine ?A. Clever. B. Creative. C. Friendly. D. Bad.( ) 39. Hill started making friends with his stepmother after she _____.A. smiled at him with a friendly way. B. looked at him carefully.C. said good words about him. D.said bad words about him.( ) 40. Which of the following is WRONG about Hill ?A. He accepted his stepmother’s typewriter.B. He wasn’t successful(成功的) as his stepmother expected(预期).C. He started writing to a local newspaper.D. He understood his stepmother.( ) 41. The writer of this passage is most probably an expert of _____.A. house building B. health C. news writing D. education DWhat will the house in the future look like? Could it have gardens on its walls, or a pool with fish for dinner? Architects (建筑师) believe that they are all possibilities. The only thing for sure is that the houses will be as green as possible.The tree houseMany architects in the world would like to build a “tree house”. Like a leaf, the surface (表面) of the house collects(收集) sunlight during the day. The energy(能量) can be used to heat water, produce electricity(发电), and even create fresh air for the home. The “root” of the house is deep under the ground. It uses 7the soil (土壤)to keep the home’s temperature.The lizard (蜥蜴)houseLike a lizard, changing color with the weather is the most important design(设计)of a lizard house. When it’s in the bright sun, the cover of the house will turn dark to protect(保护) it from strong heat. During dark days, it turns white and takes in as much light and heat as possible to produce energy.Meals at homeThis design is perhaps as much about the future of food protection as architecture(建筑风格). It has gardens on the outside wall of the house. People can plant tomatoes, carrots and green tea on them. So every day in the morning, you just need to walk outside and collect your meals.Learning from the pastLooking to the future isn’t the only way to be green. Sometimes, ancient techniques(古老的技术) can also help cut down(减少) energy use. For example, a chimney(烟囱)can be a useful air conditioner(空调) because it is easier for hot air to flow out at the chimney.( ) 42. We can heat water, produce electricity or create fresh air for the home ______.A. with the root of a leaf B. with the energy from sunlightB. with the soil under the ground D. with the tree built at home( ) 43. What will happen to the cover of the lizard house when it’s in the bright sun?A. It will turn white. B. It will produce energyC. It will produce light. D. It will turn dark.( ) 44.The passage seems to tell us that meals at home in the future _____.A. will be more delicious B. need more cooksC. will be greener D. cost much money( ) 45. A chimney can be a useful air-conditioner but it used to cause ______.A. pollution B. accidents C. noise D. change8三、任务型阅读(本题有 5个小题,每小题 1分,共计 5分)请阅读以下相关信息,然后进行匹配,选出正确答案。( ) 46. Tom is very interested in the Internet. He wants to know more about it.( ) 47. Jenny is a schoolgirl, she is worried about her math. She doesn’t know what to do.( ) 48. Mrs. Smith has a nine-year-old son. But her son doesn’t like to talk with her. Mrs. Smith doesn’t know what to do.( ) 49. Mary’s parents are very busy with their work. She wants to help them to do some housework.( ) 50. Mr. Black is an English teacher. He wants to teach his students better. Can you give him some good advice?四、词汇运用(本题有 15个小题,每小题 1分,共计 15分)A. 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式,每空一词。51. Sam (摔断) his leg last month when playing soccer on the playground.52. Most students like to watch (动画片) on TV in the evening.53. We all think Lily Smith is the (爱交际的) student in her class.54. You can get more and more (消息) on the Internet these days.55. She saw an email on her computer and (删除) it quickly.56. Wanda Cinema near here is the newest one, you can sit the most (舒服地).57. Henry said he sometimes made careless (错误) himself.58. Animals and plants can’t live (没有) the sun and water.59. Do you know that 70 (百分之…) of the earth’s surface is covered by seawater?A. How to teach English well.B. How to learn math.C. How to use the Internet.D. How to cook the delicious food.E. How to communicate with the students.960. Mickey was unlucky and had many problems such as (失去) his house or girlfriend, Minnie.B. 根据对话内容,用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空,每词限用一次。Nick: What are you reading, Jill?Jill: It’s a book about the future.Nick: 61 cool. So what will the future be like?Jill: Well, cities will be more crowded and 62 . There will be fewer trees and the environment will be in great danger.Nick: That is too bad! Will we have to move to other 63 ?Jill: Maybe! But I want to live on the earth.Nick: Me too. Then what can we do?Jill: We can use 64 water and plant more trees. Everyone should play a part in 65 the earth.五、语法填空(本题有 10个小题,每小题 1分,共计 10分)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。There was no rain for a few months. The plants all 66 (turn) brown. They needed 67 so much. Two birds, Pooky and Sooky, looked for a river or a pond (池塘).“Look, Pooky. I see a pond.” Sooky said. “I see it too, but all the animals are around it. That crocodile(鳄鱼)will eat us,” Pooky said. “But I 68 (real) need some water. Maybe it won’t eat us,” Snooky said. “ 69 the crocodile doesn’t, then maybe the big cat will, ” Pooky said. “OK. We’ll look for some other places.” But they couldn’t see any water after 70 (fly) around for hours. Both of the two birds were tired and they fell asleep in a tree. Boom! Crash! Boom! The thunder (雷声) woke Snooky and Pooky up. “What is that?” Pooky looked 71 the clouds in the sky. “I think it is going 72 (rain).” “You are right. It’s going to rain.” Sooky smiled 73 it planet save sound little pollute 10began to rain.It rained all night. The trees turned 74 . The ponds and rivers were full of water. The ponds got deeper. Snooky and Pooky drank until they were full. Sooky started singing, “ 75 (final) we get water. I’m so happy. ”六、书面表达(本题有 1小题,共计 10分)新年到了,同学们一定有很多想法。请以日记的形式,介绍一下自己在学习、身体、家务劳动、旅游等方面的决心或者计划,并针对自身的不足之处,说说你在未来的一年将打算怎么做。要求: 1、结构准确,意思连贯,逻辑清晰。2、书写规范、清楚,大小写和标点符号准确。3、词数 80字左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。提示词语:study hard, read, healthy food, exercise, help, housework, cook, travelJanuary 25th, 2018 Thursday SunnyNow, it is the year of 2018. I have a new plan or a resolution for the new year. I am going to 112017学年第一学期八年级英语期末答案听力部分1-5: CCBAA 6-10: BCBBC 11-15: CBAAB笔试部分一、完形填空16-20:BBCAC 21-25: DACBD 26-30:DCCDA 二、阅读理解31-35:BACCD 36-40:DBDCB 41-45:DBDCA三、任务型阅读46.C 47.B 48.E 49.D 50.A四、词汇运用(A)51.broke 52.cartoons 53.most outgoing 54.information 55.deleted56.comfortably 57.mistakes 58.without 59.percent / per cent 60.losing(B)61.Sounds 62.polluted 63.planets 64.less 65.saving五、语法填空66.turned 67.water / rain 68.really 69.Although / Though 70.flying71.at 72.to rain 73.when 74.green 75.Finally12六、书面表达(仅供参考)January 25th, 2018 Thursday SunnyNow, it is the year of 2018. I have a new plan or a resolution for the new year. I am going to study hard and get good grades. I’m going to read more books and practice spoken English more. As for heath, I am going to eat healthy food. I
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