1、The Adverbial Clause (状语从句),1、时间状语从句：,从属连词有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once等。,注意： （1）when, as, whilewhen既可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它表示动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。,as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。 e.g. He sang as he walked.,While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作
2、的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。,e.g. While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.,while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：,e.g. He is tall while his brother is short.,当when, as, while表示“在一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：,e.g. While (When或As) we were discussing, Mr. Smith came in.,注意： （2）as soon as,=The moment/minute/seco
3、nd/instant,=No sooner than/ Hardlywhen/ Scarcelywhen,=directly/immediately/instantly,=On/Upon sth./ doing,注意： （3） Before,e.g. I had waited long before she came.It wont be long before she comes back.They hadnt been married a month before they quarrelled.,since表从过去某一时间或动作、事情起到目前为止，“自.以 来”,句型： It is (h
4、as been)+ since +一般过去时 e.g. It is five years since I began to learn English.,注意： （4） since,肯定句中，主句用持续动词，表示“直到为止”。 e.g. I worked till (until) he came back. 否定句中，主句用瞬间动词，表示“直到才”。 e.g. I didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.,注意： （5） till/until,句首一般用until。,Each/every time Last/next time The first t
5、ime By the time,注意： （6）,由where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere引导,2、地点状语从句：,由because, as, since, now that引导。 区别是:,because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，语气最强，why提问的句子，一般都用because回答。,e.g. He didnt come because he was ill.,3、原因状语从句：,since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。,e.g. Since you are here, you must do it.,now that意思与sinc
6、e相似，表示“既然”。,e.g. Now that all the guests have arrived, lets have our dinner.,注意： 在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since，如：It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us., because可以引导表语从句,而as, since不可以,Its because he is too lazy., for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。,It must be morning,for the bir
7、ds are singing.,由so that, in order that, in case（以防、免得）, for fear that等引导：,He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.She married him so that she might tend and comfort him.I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.I hid the book for fear that he should see it.,4
8、、目的状语从句：,由that, sothat, suchthat引导：注意：so 后面跟的是形容词和副词such后面跟的是名词（词组）,5、结果状语从句：,由 if, unless, as long as (=so long as) (只要), in case (that) (如果，万一), only if, providing (that)等引导：,In case that I forget, please remind me about that.,6、条件状语从句：,由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though, wh-ever,
9、no matter-wh, whether引导.,7、让步状语从句：,注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可前可后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。,（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首。不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still等连用，用来加强语气。Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.,（3）as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。如：,Young as he is, he can read an
10、d write in several foreign language. （表语提前） Child as he was, he had to support the family. （表语名词提前常省去冠词）,1. 由连词asas, not so(as) as, than等引导：,2. “the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较 级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。,8、比较状语从句：,由连词：as, as if, as though引导：,as if和as though意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。 He treats me as if I were his own son. He walked as if he were drunk.,9、方式状语从句：,结束,
