英语长句的翻译.ppt

1、英语长句的翻译,在英语和汉语中,许多句子表达的行为,事情或情感通常按其发生的时间顺序先后安排.也有不少句子按所表达的逻辑意义关系排列,这样大多数句子的主要成分的顺序基本一致.故英汉长句的翻译通常可以采用顺序法处理.,顺序法,Always obey your parentswhen they are present. 父母的话总是要听的-当然是他们在身边的时候. 这是美国作家马克吐温在一次关于学生该不该听从父母的管教的演讲时,所讲的一句话.它妙就妙在将限定语放在了后面,这其实是对前面忠告的一种否定. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a s

2、ingle man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. 译文一:世间有这样一条公认的真理-凡财产丰厚的单身男人势必想娶个太太. 译文二: 有钱的单身汉想娶个太太,这是一条举世公认的真理. 从句法上看,英语原文可视为 “圆周句”,读者以为作者将郑重其事地宣告一个举世公认的真理,然而读到最后一个词却出乎意料地发现,所谓”举世公认的真理,只不过是市侩的庸俗意识而已.翻译Austen这句名言时,我们应该充分考虑原文的这些特征,即”先庄后谐”.,We hear what they said and view what t

3、hey did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience becomes ours, and we feel as if we were in a measure actors with them in the scenes which they describe. 我们如闻其声,如观其行,如见其人; 我们同情他们,和他们悲喜与共;他们的感受成为我们自己的感受,我们觉得仿佛自己是在他们所描绘的场景中

4、与他们同台扮演着角色.,逆原文顺序译,有些英语长句的主句和从句的排列顺序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至相反,遇到这样的句子时,就必须从原文后面译起,逆着原文的顺序译.,And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girlfriend had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born ,and the kind of people among whom he was born. 译文一: 他知道他会非常地丢脸,如果他的女朋友知道了他的母亲,他出生的地方以及他所出生的人群

5、. 译文二: 他出生在这类人中间,出生在这样的地方,他有这样的母亲,这些要是让女朋友知道了的话,他明白会有多么丢人. 汉语的表达习惯是条件在前,事实结果在后,或者目的在前,行动在后.翻译时应换序.,It is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain. 从山顶远眺,湖光山色,尽收眼底;这儿风景绝佳,遐迩闻名. 译者从最后一个介词短语译起,倒着译到第二个介词短语,最后才译原句主谓结构. One could account for what was observed equally well on the theory t

6、hat the universe had existed forever or on the theory that it was set in motion at some finite time in such a manner as to look as though it had existed forever. 当时有两种理论摆在大家面前:一种理论认为,宇宙是一直存在的;另一种理论认为,宇宙是在某个有限的时刻启动的,但给人的印象却似乎是一直存在的.但是,不管按照哪种理论,我们都可以很好地解释所观察到的事实.,综合处理法,有些英语长句结构复杂,内容丰富.汉语语篇中也有不少长而复杂的句子

7、,包含多层意义.面对这样难度的句子,应该反复琢磨,分清其主干和枝叶,或按时间先后,或按逻辑顺序,有顺有逆,有主有次,颇为灵活地对全句进行综合处理.,But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and- until toward the end, when drunk with power and

8、success, he overreached himself-an amazing capacity to size up people and situations ,there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich. 如果没有阿道夫希特勒,那就几乎不可以肯定不会有第三帝国.因为希特勒有着魔鬼般的性格,坚如花岗岩石的意志,不可思议的本能,无情的冷酷,杰出的智力,深远的想象力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力.最后,他由于被权利和胜利冲昏了头脑而不自量力,弄巧成拙.,从句的翻译,形容词性从句起着定义和描述的功能,与它修饰的名词构成一

9、个语义单位.定义性限制包含两种含义:A) 把先行名词从所属的类别中区别开来,给予定义.B)对先行词在属性等方面加以限制和说明.描述性既可表示因果关系,也可表示非因果关系,取决于主句和从句所表达的语义逻辑关系.,He maintained that it would be a mistake to hold up progress in the bilateral talk over a matter which involved others. 译文一: 他认为: 要想使双方会谈继续取得进展,竟又涉及其他国家,这是错误的. 译文二: 他认为: 为了讨论其他国家问题而举行的这次双边会谈不能取得进

10、展,实在是错误的. Several canals were built to facilitate world commerce, the most important being the Suez(1869) , which shortened the route between Europe and India by 40000 miles, and the Panama(1914), which reduced the distance between New York and San Francisco by almost 8,000 miles. 译文一: 几条运河的开凿便利了世界贸

11、易,其中最重要的是将西欧到印度的航程缩短了4000英里的苏伊士运河和将纽约到旧金山的距离减少了近8000英里的巴拿马运河. 译文二:几条运河的开凿便利了世界贸易,其中最重要的是苏伊士运河和巴拿马运河,前者将西欧到印度的航程缩短了4000英里,后者将旧金山的距离减少了近8000英里.,状语从句的翻译,引导英语状语从句的从属连词,基本上可以在汉语中找到对应的关联词,但有时不必翻译,因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省略.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活,置于主句之前或之后均可. The iron should be stricken while it is hot.趁热打铁 If winter comes

12、, can spring be far away? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?,转译为其它状语从句 英语状语从句通常按其从属的连词,连接副词或所用的引导词的含义来翻译,但有时他们的深层意义互相渗透,可以互相替换,需要转译. One must sow before one can reap. 一份耕耘,一份收获.Before manned spacecraft could be sent to space, the problem of getting the spacecraft safely back to earth had to be solved. 为了把载人的宇宙飞船送到太空上去,就必

13、须解决使飞船安全返回地面的问题.(译成了汉语单句的目的状语),The earth turns round its axis as it travels about the sun. 地球一面绕太阳运行,一面绕地轴自转.( 译成了并列分句) The UN was established in order that peace and development can be promoted. We learn from our past lessons so that history wont repeat itself. 这类英语目的状语从句,可根据逻辑关系和汉语表达习惯,. 和主句融合起来翻译

14、.译这类表目的的句子,包含 “其目的是”和 “为的就是.”,名词性从句,英语的名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句等,翻译时大多数可以按照原文的次序翻译成对应的汉语. It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible. 重要的是要把科学技术尽快搞上去. 以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词引导的主语从句,可以将从句翻译成 “的”字结构.,Now the superpowers have been exposed to th

15、e charge that they reserve their nuclear weapons for the revolutionary people of the world. 译文一: 现在超级大国已受到他们储存核武器是为了对付世界革命人民的指责. 译文二: 现在超级大国已受到这样的指责,即他们储存核武器是为了对付世界革命人民. 同位语从句汉译时可以提前也可以不提前,或者用冒号,破折号, “ 即, 以为”等词分开.,What he emphasized over and over again was that, no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch. 他所再三强调的就是: 不管多么困难,他们决不应该后退寸步. 在翻译英语表语从句的时候,和宾语从句的处理方法一样,一般按原文顺序翻译.,