1、名词名词的种类专有名词：普通名词：可数：不可数：个体名词： nurse, house, horse, apple, pen集体名词： people, family, class, trousers物质名词： water, paper, air, milk抽象名词： work, housework, homework, information, news, weather名词的可数与不可数1、物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，为不可数名词。 不可数名词前不能加冠词 a 或 an来表示量， 也没有复数形式。要表示 “一个（只，块，张。） ”的概念，须加 a piece of , a bowl
2、of , a drop of 等。表示 “一些，许多 ” 可用： some, any, a little, little, a lot of ,lots of , much, 等2、集体名词象 people, police,trousers, scissors只有复数形式。 Family, class等指个体成员时为 ，指整体时为 3、有的名词在表示某一词义时是可数名词，而表示另一词义时又是不可数名词。Glass, chicken, paper, exercise, orange名词的数、单数： _egg, _green desk, _orange, _yellow orange, _inte
3、resting film, _ eight-year-old boy、复数：词尾加 s 或 es复数的构成规则： bus, box; tomato, potato; radio, photo,piano; match, watch; wish, brush; baby,factory,party; monkey , day; life,thief, knife;不规则： man, woman, child, foot, tooth, mouse, Chinese, Japanese,fish, sheep, deer 复合名词： A. Boy friend_, apple tree_B. Ma
4、n doctor_, woman engineer_练习、 which of the following words are countable, which are uncountable? Give both the single forms and plural formsWork, music, milk, homework,chalk, child, stamp, watch, match, housework, life, knife, man, policeman, news, paper, tomato, tooth, sheep, coffee, factory, tea,
5、photo, boy, piano,mouse, photo, month, vegetable, newspaper, people, message, information, wolf, wife2. Put the following into English两张纸，一个姑娘的名字， 汤姆叔叔是我爸爸的一位朋友， 二十分钟的走路路程，这家医院有名女医生和男医生，这是 Sue 和 Susan共有的房间3. choice1). During the _trip, the children learnt a lotA. ten-days B. ten days C. ten day D. t
6、en days2. I dont know whose motorbike it is. It might be my _. A. neighbors B. neighbours C. neighbour D. neighbours3._it is ! A. What a fine weather B. What fine weather C. How fine weather D. How fine a weather4. _ are watching TV now. A. Mr. Green B. The Green C. The Greens D. Mrs. Green 5. Do yo
7、u have _ time to take some exercise? A. some B. many C. any D. a few6. Sam is _. But he is studying in China. A. England B. Englishman C. an English D. English7. I am very thirty. Would you please bring me some_? A. rices B. cakes C. orange D. a piece of bread8. He doesnt know _ English because he h
8、as studied it for only _ weeks. A. much, a few B. little, few C. few, a little D. a few, a little9. I asked her for _water, but she didnt have _. A. any, someB. any, any C. some, some D. some, any10. I cant play because I have _work to do and _ books to read.A. many, many B. many, much C. much, many
9、 D. much, muchB. 11. He was so thirsty that he drank _. A. two glass of water B. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of water D. two glass waterC. 12. The shop doesnt sell _. A. a watch B. watches C. watch D. watchsD. 13. My father bought two_yesterday. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of
10、apples D. boxes of appleE. 14. There are twelve _in a year. A. month B. monthes C. months D. the monthF. 15. There are a lot of _down there but hardly any _. A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people C. sheeps, peoples D. sheep, peoples16. There _sheep in the field. A. are much B. is small C. is a few D. i
11、s a little17. We walk with our _. A. foot B. foots C. feet D. a foot18. It is not my dictionary. Its _. A. Ann B. Anns sister C. Ann sisters D. Anns sisters19. Mr. Li is a friend of _.A. Johns uncle B. John uncles C. Johns uncles D. John uncle20. _desk is the cleanest in the classroom. A. Anns and T
12、om B. Ann and Toms C. Ann and Tom D. Anns and Toms21. There are four chairs in my room, one in each_A. side B. floor C. wall D. corner22. Would you like fruit? -Yes, _is my favourite. A. tomato B. beef C. bread D.The pear代 词第一人称 第二人称 第三人称主格宾 格形容 词 性物主代 词名 词 性物主代 词I weMe usMy ourMine ours yoursyouyou
13、ryou She he it theyHer him it themHer his its theirHers his its theirsGive an example of each prons人称代词使用时应注意1。 分清 its和 its : its 它的。 例如 : The clock has its face.its=it is 例如： Its a toy clock.2. 名词性物主代词 =形容词性物主代词 +名词，名词 是单数，名词性物主代词为单数，反之为复数。例如： His brother is a soldier. Mine is a driver and hers is
14、an engineer. I left my clothes on the chair. Where _his?a friend of his/mine/yours= one of hisfriends3. A friend of his /mine=one of his /my friends; the watch of hers4. 冠词不能和形容词性物主代词一起用例如： a my cat(wrong)5. This/that +single noun; these/those + plural noun.6. In the dialogue, it can be used to refe
15、r to (this/that), they refer to (these /those)7. That 可用来代替前面提到过的单数名词或不可数名词， those代替复数名词例如： The weather today is finer than that yesterday.The radios made in Beijing are as good as those made in Shanghai.8.反身代词： A、 能写出 B、 注意搭配 例如：Say to oneself enjoy oneself By oneselfFor oneselfHelp oneselfTeach on
16、eselfLily saw her in the mirror.Lily saw herself in the mirror.It 的用法1、用以指前文提到的物，有时也可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人 例如： Where is your book? It is over there.The baby is crying. It may be hungryWho is knocking at the door? It must be Li Lei.2. It 也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等It is rainy today. It will turn out fine tomorrowWhat
17、 is the time? It is nine.It is ten minutes walk from here3、作形式主语或形式宾语，没有意义It takes me ten minutes to walk from there.I found it very hard to learn grammar.It /that /one 用以指前文提到过的单数名词them/those/ones用以指前文提到过的复数名词 思考1.The bag is in the middle of the road. Lets move _away.2. If you need an eraser, I can
18、 lend you _.3. If you need the eraser, I can lend _to you.4. I have a new coat and some old _.5. The story of my father is more interesting than _of mine.6. The weather here is warmer than _in Beijing.7. The temperature in the daytime is half of _at night.7.The exercises in this paper are much easie
19、r than _ in the mid-term paper.8. My radio is broken. I will buy a new _. 结论1、 that, those 后常跟介词短语（ that/those +介词短语）前文是不可数名词时只能用 that 替代2、 one/ones 前常有形容词、冠词、数量词、等修饰。3、 it 指前文提到的那个名词 some/any/no1. My brother doesnt need _help.2. If you have got _questions, please put up your hands.3. Would you like
20、 to have_bananas? Yes, Id like to.4. There isnt _water here.could you get _for me?5. I asked her for _paper, but she didnt have _6. You can come at _time. some, any与 thing, body, one 构成的合成词的用法与some,any 一样 a little /little; a few/few1. Though it was late last night. I could still see _persons in the
21、street.2. People are all getting together at a big dinner with their families at the new years eve, so you could see _persons walking in the street.3. Can you speak German? Yes, but only _.4. The lake is far away. _people like to go fishing there.5. There is _rain this summer. The trees are going to
22、 die.6. Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know _about the news.7. Dont hurry. We still have _time left.8. The old man has _friends. So he feels very lonely.9. He wanted to borrow some money from me, but I had _. other/ another 必背 : Each other, (两者 ) 互相one another,（ 三者或以上）相互one after another, 一个接
23、一个from one to another, 从一个到另一个the other day 不久前的某一天（用于过去时）Another 另一个，泛指众多中的一个，another+单数名词“再，又 ”： Another+数词 +名词复数；相当于：数词 +more+名词复数1、 some/any/many+other+2. The other: 两个中另一个3.The others： (= the other+plural noun) 4.others: some.others1.Jimmy is taller than _ _ boy in his class.2. This cap is too
24、small. Could you show me _?3. Jimmy and Carter are back in the classroom now. where are _?4. On Sundays some students are watching TV, _are going to the clubs.5.there are only two books left.but I dont like this one. Will you show me _?不定代词1. Both, all 2. Neither, none,no one3. Each, every, either,a
25、ny一、 Both （ 两者）都all （ 三者或以上）都1、 All the (my) students are very bright.All of the (my) students are very bright.(all of them)The (my)students are all very bright.All are here. (all = all people)All has gone well.(all = everything)2、 Both of my parents work in the childrens hospital. (both of them)Bot
26、h my parents work in the childrens hospital.My parents both work in the childrens hospital.3. Phrases: all day, all year, not at all, bothand重点提示1、 both 表两者都， all 表三者都2、 Both+可数名词复数； all+可数名词复数或不可数名词3、 both, all +of + 人称代词宾格； of 不能省4、 all both 作副词时，位置在主动词后，行为动词前Exercises: all or both1. I have two co
27、mputers and _ cost me more than ten thousand yuan.(but instead of but)2. There are trees and flowers on _ banks of the river.(side?)3. There are two windows in the room.They _face south.4. _of the twins are good at English.(if is instead of are)5. Youd better use _your eyes and your mind when you ar
28、e reciting the text.6. _roads lead to the camp. So you can take any one of them.(what about either instead of any one)7. _the food in the shop has gone bad.8. He likes _the subjects in the school.二、 neither (两者 ) 都不 none (三者或以上 )都不， no one没人注意这些词作主语时谓语动词单数和复数NeithernoneThe (ones)+可数名词复数 谓语动词用单数或复数 或
29、不可数名词单数谓语动词用单数 1. Mr. Blare has two daughters. _is a doctor. 2. Lily and Lucy both like singing, but _ of them is good at dancing. 3. -Can you speak Chinese or Japanese? -I can speak _, but I can speak English. 4. The old man has six children, but _ of them would take care of him. 5. His father boug
30、ht him many English story books but he read _. 6. Who is in the room? _. 7. How much money is there in the box? _. It is empty.3、 each, every, either, anyEach: （ 两者或以上）每一；可作代词、形容词、副词1、 Each of us has a English-Chinese dictionary.(代词 )We each have an English-Chinese dictionary.(副词 )Each student has a
31、n English-Chinese dictionary.(形容词 )2、 every: （ 三者或以上）每一 的，仅作定语Every student has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.4. Either: (两者之间 ) 任何 一个 作代词、形容词、副词There are many trees and flowers on _side of the river. (形容词 ) -When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow morning?-I dont mind. _is OK.(代词 )He ca
32、nt swim very well, I cant _. （ 副词）Either.or/ neither nor.Neither can I .5.any: （ 三者或以上）任何一个，作代词，形容词 复习1. Both, all 2. Neither, none, no one3. Each, every, either,any复习1. When shall we meet again next week?-_day is OK. Its no problem with me.2._of the students in our class want to go to plant trees.3
33、. -How are your grandparents? -Theyre _fine. Thank you.4. There are many trees on _side of the street.5.Both the two boys are new to me. I dont know _of them.6. -Do you want an apple or a pear? -_, I really dont mind.7. Which of these two sweaters will you take?-Ill take _. They look nearly the same
34、, and I just need one.8.Which do you like better, a cup of milk or a bottle of orange?-_, thanks. Id just like a cup of tea.9. There are a lot of English books here, and _of them is easy to understand.10. _of the shoes in the shop were the right size. They were either too big or too small for me.改错1.Let each them finish his work.2. They each has got a flower.3.You can use any of the two bikes.4.My parents are all working in the field now.5. Those football fans draw pictures on every side of his face.6. No one of his pens are broken.7. Neither Lily and my sister is the first to get there.
