1、英语讲座,单项选择,_,五、注意标点符号、连词的使用及句子的平衡结构。,单项填空题解题指导,一、认真分析语境，准确理解和把握信息词。,二、注意英汉表达习惯，克服思维定势。,三、注意分析句子结构，避免主观性和随意性。,四、注意语境中的省略现象，完整理解句义。,一、认真分析语境，准确理解和把握信息词。,解题时，首先要读懂题义，然后结合信息词，认真分析语境内容，揣摩命题人的设题意图，找准突破口，结合相关知识，选出最佳答案。,1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.
2、A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider,2. -Isnt that Anns husband over there?-No, it _ be him - Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not,_,1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.,2.
3、 -Isnt that Anns husband over there?-No, it _ be him - Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.,二、注意英汉表达习惯，克服思维定势。,英汉两种语言在表达上存在很大的差异，平时应注意对二者进行分析、比较，而不是用汉语的习惯思维方式去认识和解决英语中的一些问题。要求我们不仅要具备牢固的基础知识，更要有应变能力。,1. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember_. NMET 98 A. where B. there C. which D
4、. that,2. -Good morning, Grand Hotel.-Hello, Id like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.-_.A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please.C. Whats the matter? D. At your service.,_,三、注意分析句子结构，避免主观性和随意性。,经常会遇到这类题：原句结构或动词短语等被某些成分分隔，或处于语法上的需要使其从原结构中分离出来，从而增强了试题中选项的干扰性，加大了试题的难度。这就要求我
5、们不仅要掌握常用句型而且要学会熟练、灵活地运用，这样才能看清试题的本来面目，不会被表面现象所迷惑。,1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where,2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out
6、D. to carry out,_,1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.,2. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year,see sb. / sth.,do doing done,四、注意分析语境中的省略现象，完整理解句义。,在语境试题中，往往根据上下文的含义故意省略一些成分，增加试题难度。在解题时，一定要弄清题意，仔细地分析句子结构，补
7、全出省略部分，这样才能保证选出正确答案。,1. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ it -youve got some big bills coming.A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget,2. I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _.A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time,_,better,Better: ha
8、d better do sth.,in case: in case I need it.,五、注意标点符号、连词的使用。此外，还要注意句子的平衡结构。,_ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. _is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress. _is reported in the newspaper is that talks betwee
9、n the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What,_,B,A,D,4. He set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived,5. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not m
10、aking D. dont make,1. -How are the team playing?-Theyre playing well, but one of them _ hurt.A. got B. gets C. are D. were 2. She cant help_ the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C.cleaned D.being cleaned 3. -Do you mind if I open the window?-_ I feel a bit cold.A. Of co
11、urse not. B. Id rather you didnt. C. Go ahead D. Why not? 4.I dont think Jim saw me; he _ into space. A. just stared B. was staring C.has just stared D. had just stared,5. -Ill travel to France this winter.-_ A.Have a good trip B. I know C. Its beautiful D.Youre so lucky. 6. Luckily, wed brought a r
12、oad map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which 7. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 8. The shop doesnt open until 11 a.m. , _ it loses a lot of business.A. for B. or C. but D. so,重 基 础
13、,Conclusion,细 分 析,巧 运 用,阅读理解,高中英语教学的目的：,巩固、扩大学生的基础知识，发展听、说、读、写的基本技能。培养在口头上和书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力，侧重培养阅读理解能力。,1、能以每分钟7080个词的速度，读懂生词率不超过3%的有关人物传记，故事，记叙文，科普小品等不同题材的文章。,高中英语对“读”的要求：,2、能读懂简单的应用文，如信件，请柬，通知，便条和标志等。,3、能运用一般的阅读技巧基本把握所读材料的中心思想，主要事实，主要逻辑线索，时间和空间顺序,4、能根据上下文理解作者的态度和观点,5、能根据已知的事实推断语篇未直接写出的意思,6、除教材内容外，
14、课外阅读应达到20万字,影响阅读理解的几个因素：,一、词汇,词汇量贫乏,词义理解不准确,不重视构词法,二、理解能力,阅读不分文体,阅读忽视关联词,阅读不分主次,指代、替代理解不明确,三、语法基础差,四、心理素质的问题,英语阅读中的误区,误区1.以为读得越慢，对文章的信息了解越多，理解程度也越高。,心理学与心理语言学表明：阅读速度与理解率几乎没有关系。即使有，正好相反：速度越快，理解率越高。,阅读速度快，有助于把握文章的主旨大意。,措施：,1.经常进行限时阅读。不仅注意准确率，更要注重速度，逐渐养成习惯。,2.强制把手或笔等物体离开读物。让大脑活动、眼睛转动和手指翻书。,3、进行意群阅读，扩大视
15、幅。逐词阅读还会割断词与词的联系。,误区2.阅读时将文字读出声来，或在心里清晰地发出单词的音。,实验证明，默读是朗读的2倍。,过分依赖声音而非语意，将影响阅读的广度和深度。,1.阅读时紧闭双唇。,2.有意识地将阅读速度加快到超过讲话的最快速度。,措施：,误区3.对已读过的内容感到不放心或因没看懂，再次倒回去读。,倒读次数太多会影响阅读速度。,对一篇文章的理解一般情况是相对的，并不要求记住每个细节。,1.建立只读一遍就能懂的自信心。,2、首先理解文章大意。,3、阅读中目光始终从左到右移动。（除根据题目要求，有必要重读有些内容外）,措施：,误区4.平时阅读中不适当地、非常频繁地使用英汉词典。,一篇
16、文章变得支离破碎，不利于整体把握文章的主旨大意。,阅读效率低下。,1.阅读训练时，选择在词汇和语法深度上与自己相当的材料。（生词10）,2.采用上下文分析或根据词根、前、后缀等方法猜词。,3.完成阅读训练任务后,有必要重读该文章，查生词的准确含义，并记忆。,措施：,如何做阅读理解题,方法一：先读短文后答题,方法二、先看问题后读短文,阅读技巧及建议,阅读的技巧,略读,跳读,标记法,猜词义,阅读理解题型设计：,A.细节理解题,B.主旨大意题,C.推理判断题,D.猜测词义题,E. 计算,识图题,F.常识题,A.细节理解题,此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或者
17、why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。,做题要领：,1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。,2.按照要求，寻找答案源。,3.找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。,4.多读课文，正确使用排除法。,B.主旨大意题,此类题型用以考查考生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。,一类题型为主题问题。如：,What is the main idea ofthis passage？,What does the passagemainly talk about？,What does the writer wantto tell us？,另一类为标题问题。如：,Which is the best ti
18、tle ofthis article/passage？,解题要领,1.研究文章的题目及副标题 .,2.浏览全文各个段落,了解每一段大意.,3.逐段阅读文章,集中理解关键词,抓住每段的主题句,对阐述主题的句子可跳过.,4.抓住每一段的大意后,综合概括全文的中心.,5.阅读该小题的所有选项,对比分析其异同,并尝试用所选项带到文章中印证各段内容是否支持文章主题.,C.推理判断题,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,这类试题常以如下句式发问：,1.What can you co
19、nclude from this passage？,2.Whats the authors attitude towards.？,3.We can infer from the passage that.,4.Which statement is(not) true?,做题要领：,1.严格按照材料中所提供信息进行推理,千万不能掺杂自己的主观想法和观念,2.如果某选项内容是阅读材料的简单重复,那它就不是推论.,3.如果某选项所表达的内容与经验相吻合,文中没有涉及,那它属于主观臆断的结论.,4.文章中的虚拟语气和情态动词往往流露出作者的弦外之音,有住助于我们确定答案.,5.某些过渡词(howeve
20、r,but,on the contrary,whats more)后面的内容往往能够反映作者的观点和态度.,D.猜测词义题,此类题型要求学生通过阅读,根据已知的信息或常识推测不熟悉的词或词组的含义,其中包含“旧词新意”和“超纲词”两种情况。,做题要领：,1.仔细阅读该词出现的上下句,作者往往对这样的词进行解释或概括归纳.,2.结合正确的方法快速而准确地猜测出生词 。,1、同义词猜义,例1 He replied quickly. But after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a
21、hasty decision.,句中hasty 是生词，根据上文所提供的信息所知，hasty是形容词，与quick 同义。,例2 The old woman had a strange habit. She kept over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her eccentric lady.,句中eccentric 是生词，根据句中所提供的信息，我们可以断定该词是形容词，与strange是同义。,2、反义词猜义,例4 Unlike his brother, who is truly handsome man, John is
22、 quite homely.,句中unlike 是关键词。它提示了John与他的兄弟情况相反。由此可知handsome 与homely 是反义词。故homely 应是ordinary-looking的意思。,3、定义猜词,文中常用解释性词语引出生词含义，如that is, mean, stand for, namely, in other words, to be等，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。,例 Have you ever wondered what a degree might be worth to you in your job or career?,
23、这儿or 表示job 与career 同义，所以career译为职业较妥。,例The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,句中herdsman 是生词，但后面的定语从句已对该词作了解释，考生马上就能理解它 的词义。,4、由对比关系猜词,句中常有两个意义相对比的词，只要把握其中一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这时句中会有 unlike, although, but, while 等信息词。考生可以凭借信息词进行推测词义。,例One idea about business is that it can be tr
24、eated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.,由前句中perfect information 到后面imperfect information 这一组对比关系的词，我们不难推断“Quite the reverse”应表示“对比、相反”的意思。,5、由因果关系猜词义,上下文中有连词because, as, since, s
25、o, therefore, sothat, suchthat 连接，由已知的“原因”推出“结果”，反之亦然。,例The biggest power failure happened yesterday. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.,考生可以从停电的原因上猜出冰淇淋、冷冻食品化冰的必然结果，因此“melted”是“溶化”之意。,6、由上下文情景关系猜词义,试题中，还有一些要求考生用上下文提供的情景和线索猜测词义的题目。,例What did Cory Luxmoore mean when he said “Im on high”? A
26、. Im rich. B. Im famous. C. Im excited. D. Lucky,此题要求考生根据语篇情境猜测词语的意义。考生从文中可以看出 Cory Luxmoore 丢失日记后，深感难过，后来日记失而复得，他对记者说“Its wonderful, Im on high.”。,由此可以推断出“Im on high”应是“快乐，激动”的意思。,7、由构词法来猜测词义,在阅读过程中，考生还会碰到一些熟词的派生词和合成词，这就要看考生词汇功底是否扎实。如果考生平时注意词缀的用法，有意识地进行归纳记忆，考试时就会驾轻就熟，排除拦路虎，顺利抓住文章大意。,高考英语阅读E篇，仅recyc
27、le一词，下文就出现了4个派生词：recyclables, unrecyclables, nonrecyclables, recycled。分别译为“可回收利用的材料”，“不可回收利用的材料”，“无法回收利用的材料”，“被回收利用的材料”。,利用构词法知识猜测词义，关键应在理解词根的基础上，掌握前后缀规律，如re-,non-,un-, im-, in-, dis- 等前缀和-able, -an, -ive,-ist, -ise, -ty, -ness, -less 等，要懂得这些词缀与词干结合起来可组成新的单词，即派生词。,8、利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义,When men and women
28、lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life ?,When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life ?,9.通过同类关系推测词义,I like many musical instruments such as piano, violin and guitar.,同类关系常由such as, like, for examp
29、le, for instance等词列举同类词汇。,猜词是应用英语的重要能力， 它不但需要运用前面提到的一些技巧准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的阅读量， 掌握或认识比较多的课外词汇。 这就需要平时长期不懈的努力，仅靠考前突击是不能解决问题的， 应养成良好的阅读习惯，尽可能扩大词汇量， 注意积累，这样才能在考试中应付自如，考出水平。,E.计算、识图题,此类题型用以考查考生计算、识图能力。要求学生利用已知的数字信息运算得出相应数据。根据文中叙述对所提供图表进行理解并选择。解图形辨认题时必须弄清图表中各部分之间的关系，然后对照短文中所描述的细节有针对性的进行选择。,例Santa Fe was f
30、ounded in 1609 by the Spanish（西班牙人）in an old Indian village。 In 1680， the Indians seized the place but only held it for twelve years before the Spanish retook it。The city remained under Spanish rule until Mexico won its independence in 1821。From then on it was a Mexico city until 1864when it was tak
31、en over by U.S.troops.,1.Santa Fe was under the rule of the Mexican in_. A.1675 B.1695 C.1816 D.1833,2.The people who held Santa Fe for the longest period in history were the _.,A.Spanish B.Indian C.Mexicans D.Americans,F.经验常识题,此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括：社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。,此类题往往与文章没有直接关系
32、，学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。,做题要领：,阅读理解“四要”,一、要扩大词汇量,促进阅读.,二、要严格训练阅读速度 克服不良的阅读习惯 限时阅读训练 寻找主题句 ，理解重点把握全文。,题 型,三、要培养词义推断能力,四、要把握好长难句,1.结构分析理解法 第一步,判断句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句 第二步，找出句子的核心或成分即主语和谓语，然后再分清句子的一些附属成分,When a rather dirty 、poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for
33、 a few coins ，do you hurry on，not knowing what to do， or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money？,2.意群阅读法,When two cars traveling at 30kmph hit each other(1), an unbelted driver (2)would meet the windscreen(3),with a force equal to diving head first into the ground from a height of 10 met
34、ers(4).,总之，阅读理解既是平常学习的重点，也是考试的难点，要应试好这类题型，必须靠长期不懈的努力，仅靠一朝一夕的学习是不能解决问题的。因此，考生在平常的学习中必须树立长远的训练目标，养成良好的阅读习惯，尽可能地扩大自己的词汇量，如：常看英文书报，翻阅字典，广泛阅读，加强英语知识和背景知识的积累，同时注意努力提高对短文的整篇理解感悟能力，只有这样才能在高考中应付自如，考出高分，考出水平。,短文改错,评析短文改错的常见错误及备考策略,(一)命题特点： 短文改错的短文通常只有120词左右，分成十行。,从错误类型看可分为“对，错，加，减”四个方面，即，正确打，错误改正，缺词添加，多词删除。并要
35、求以规范的符号进行表示。,(二)常见错误类型： 错误类型概括起来主要是词法，句法，行文逻辑方面的错误。考查重点主要集中在以下几个方面：,1. 名词（名词的数,格）使用错误；例句1to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. 解析 my subject 前有限定詞all,故將subject 改為subjects. 例句2（05）There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. 解析 advanta
36、ge 是可數名詞，故改為 advantages.,2. 冠詞的使用錯誤；（冠詞的缺或多） 例句1 Suddenly ,I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 解析 caught sight of 是固定詞組，故去掉a . 例句2 (05) I hope youve had pleasant journey home.解析 journey 為可數名詞，故 pleasant 前加 a .,3.代詞（代詞的數格及其混用）例句1 He did her best to help me . 解析 he和 her不一致。例句2 My pare
37、nts and I climbed the mountain .The three of them were very excited.解析 根据上下文，這是代詞的混用，应將them改為 us.,4.时态语态的誤用；例句1 I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing there .解析 根据文意，此句為過去时态，故am改为was例句2 and let you know when the book you want has returned .解析 因为该句的主语the book 与return
38、 之间是被动关系，故在returned的前面加上been.,5.动词（连系动词漏用，混用；及物动词和不及物动词错用；非谓语动词的混用）例句1 Id like to your pen-friend ,and get to know more about your country.解析 因为Id like to中的to是不定式符号，所以在your的前边加上be.例句2 I was often a little tired after a days work and watch Tv demands very little effort . 解析应把watch Tv 改为 watching Tv ，
39、 watching Tv是动名词作主语。 例句3 I had great difficulty with English grammar just after I entered in the school. 解析 enter 是及物动词 ，故介词in 应去掉。,6.形容词，副词及其比较级最高级的误用； 例句1 Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family . 解析 Unfortunate 应该为 Unfortunately. 例句2 As a result ,people in modern world generally live
40、much more longer than people in the past. 解析 此句中含有比较级longer，故删去 more.,7.介词的误用； 例句1 We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. 解析 instead of 是固定短语，因此ourselves 前加of. 例句2 I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow . 解析 the moment 引导时间状语从句，故去掉at. .,
41、8.词语搭配错误； 例句1 Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another . 解析 oneanother为固定搭配，故将 the改为 one. 例句2 If this doesnt work ,bring in a friend that you feel comfortable and have him or her help you. 解析 be /feel comfortable with 为固定搭配, 故将comfortable 后加with.例句3 Thanks very much on invitin
42、g me to your birthday party on Sunday.解析 thanks for (doing) sth. 为固定搭配, 故将on改为for.,例句1 Now my picture and the prize is hanging on the wall.解析 主语是 and 连接的两种事物，故将is 改为are.例句2 He, together with his parents , have gone to Beijing.解析 主语是he, 故将have改为has.,9.主谓一致；,10.区分句子结构的并列或从属关系；例句1 She was smiling but n
43、odding at me .解析 smiling 和 nodding 是递进关系，故but变 and.例句2 I live in Beijing ,where is the capital of China . 解析 这是一个非限定从，从句缺主语，故将where改为which.,(三) 备考策略；1.浏览全文，掌握大意； 2.分句阅读，逐行找错； 3.注意使用标记的准确性；不能只在原题上改。认为多词的，别忘了在原题和答案处都要划斜线（）；认为少词的，别忘了在原题处加漏字符号（）；认为错了一个词的，切记在错的词下划一横线；原文没有错的不要改，但不要忘记在该行右边横线上画一个勾（）。 4复读全文，
44、弥补疏漏,总结,短文改错要做好常见类型要记牢,名词爱考“数”与“格”, 冠词在前“错”“多”“少”,动词时态与语态，非谓搭配莫错了,How to deal with the composition,书面表达,近几年高考作文的类型,MET91 六幅图 应用文 介绍 MET92 六幅图 记叙文 记事 MET93 六幅图 记叙文 故事 MET94 提纲 应用文 通知 MET95 单幅图 应用文 书信 MET96 图表 应用文 介绍 MET97 六幅图 记叙文 故事 MET98 六幅图 应用文 日记 MET99 两幅图 应用文 书信 MET00 四幅图 记叙文 故事 MET01 图表 应用文 书信,信
45、头,信内地址、姓名,称呼,正 文,结束语,签名,附言、附件,（Enc:/Encl:),Letter writing,A Letter,Nov 5, 2001 Wuzheng Middle School Zhejiang P.R.C.,Jack Tongxiang High School,Dear Mary,Body,Yours, Jack,亲人、家属：Yours lovingly ; Yours affectionately 朋友、平辈：Sincerely yours Yours sincerely 上级、长者：Yours respectfully Respectfully yours 单位、
46、部门：Yours sincerely Yours faithfully,结束语Closing,June 5th , 2000 Dear Mr. Zhao,I am sorry that I am unable to attend school during the following week because of the Sports Meet. The school expects me to play an important part in it . And I will be back to class in a week . I hope you will excuse my ab
47、sence。Yours respectfullyCharles Encl: the PE Teachers certificate (证明）,便 条（病/事假条）,（NOTICE/ANNOUNCEMENT),口头通知： Ladies and Gentlemen,Attention,please!/ May I have you attention please?正 文 书面通知：NOTICEIn celebration of May Day , there will be - 正 文School Office April 25th , 2000,通知、通告,Wednesday May 5th
48、CloudyIt is nearly a month since I began keeping diaries. I find it a very good exercise in English composition.I got back my essay on A Visit to the Park . It was marked with A.There were only three mistakes in it: one in grammar and two in idiom.Im happy to see that I can now express myself in English more usually than ever before. ,
