1、A Course in General Knowledge for English Tour Guides,Tsinghua University Publishing PressSep 1, 2009,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in China,Lead-in Questions What is tourism? When and how did tourism industry begin in modern times? When and how did Chinas tourism start?,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in C
2、hina,What is tourism? Mathieson and Wall (1982): Tourism is “the temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations, and the facilities created to cater to their needs.”,Unit 1 A Survey of
3、Tourism in China,The development of tourism the Grand Tour: the 1660s to 1840s Thomas Cook: the first travel agency in 1845 British Travelex, American Express, Japan National Tourism Organization,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in China,The development of tourism in China Shanghai Commercial and Savings
4、Bank: in 1923 China Travel Agency: in 1927 1949-1974 Late 1970s Mid-1080s mid-1990s,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in China,The hallmark of Chinas tourism China National Tourism Administration (CNTA) Galloping Bronze Horse Treading on a Flying Swallow,Unit 1 A Survey of Tourism in China,The hallmark of
5、Chinas tourism,Post-class Tasks,I. Fill in the blanks with what you have learnt. 1) WTO stands for _. 2) _ was the traditional travel in Europe mainly by upper-class young people from the 1660s to 1840s. 3) In _, British _ initiated to establish the first travel agency in the world, which officially
6、 marked the beginning of tourism industry in modern times. 4) _ set up tourism department in 1923 and changed its name into China Travel Agency in 1927, which marked the emergence of tourism in China in modern times. 5) CNTA stands for _, which is subordinate to _ with its headquarters in _.,Post-cl
7、ass Tasks,II. Translate the following phrases into Chinese. 1) British Travelex 2) American Express 3) Japan National Tourism Organization,Post-class Tasks,III. Answer the following questions briefly. 1) When and how China begin to develop quickly in tourism industry? 2) Is China a major tourist des
8、tination? For whom? 3) What is the hallmark of Chinas tourism industry?,Unit 2 A Survey of Chinese History,Lead-in Questions,Do you know the Chinese mythological figures? Who are they? Do you know the hominid in China? Who are they? When and how did they begin to live in China? When and how did Chin
9、ese history see cycles of division and unification?,1. Ancient Myth,Pangu (盘古),1. Ancient Myth,Nvwa (女娲) and Fuxi (伏羲),1. Ancient Myth,Suiren (燧人),1. Ancient Myth,Shennong (神农),1. Ancient Myth,The Yellow Emperor (黄帝),1. Ancient Myth,Three Sovereigns: the Heavenly Sovereignthe Earthly Sovereignthe Hu
10、man Sovereign Five Emperors: the Yellow Emperor, Zhuanxu Emperor Ku Emperor Yao Emperor Shun,2. The Primitive Society,Yuanmou Man (元谋人),Unit 2 A Survey of Chinese History,2. The Primitive Society Lantian Ape Man (蓝田猿人),2. The Primitive Society,Peking Ape Man,2. The Primitive Society,Homo sapiens (智人
11、) : Dali Man (大荔人)Dingcun Man (丁村人)Maba Man (马坝人)The Upper Cave Man (山顶洞人) Liujiang Man (柳江人) Ziyang Man (资阳人),2. The Primitive Society,Matrilineal Clan Society: Yangshao Culture (仰韶文化) Patriarchal Clan Society: Longshan Culture (龙山文化),3. The Slavery Society,Xia (夏, about 2070BC-1600BC): Qi (启) Shan
12、g (商朝, about 1600BC-1046BC) Yin Xu in Anyang City (安阳殷墟),3. The Slavery Society,Western Zhou (西周, 1046BC-771BC) King Wen (文王, about ?-1050BC) King Wu (武王, about 1087BC-1043BC) Dan (旦, the Duke of Zhou, 周公, about ?-1105BC) feudal fief system (分封制), King You (幽王, ?-?) A smile costs 1,000 pieces of gol
13、d.The vassals are fooled by the beacon fire.,3. The Slavery Society,Eastern Zhou (770BC-256BC) King Ping (平王, about 781BC-720BC) Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC): Duke Huan of Qi State (齐桓公), Duke Wen of Jin State (晋文公), Duke Mu of Qin State (秦穆公), Duke Xiang of Song State
14、 (宋襄公) and Duke Zhuang of Chu State (楚庄王) Seven Great Powers: Qi (齐), Wei (魏), Zhao (赵), Han (韩), Qin (秦), Chu (楚) and Yan (燕),4. The Feudal Society,Qin (221BC-207BC) Ying Zheng (嬴政, 259BC-210BC) abolishing the enfeoffment system (分封制) adopting the system of prefectures and counties (郡县制) standardiz
15、ing the script, currencies, and weights and measures linking the Great Wall building a mausoleum and palaces on a large scale burning classical books and burying Confucian scholars alive the Terracotta Warriors and Horses,4. The Feudal Society,4. The Feudal Society,Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD) L
16、iu Bang (刘邦, 256BC-195BC) Emperor Wen (文帝, 202BC-157BC) and Emperor Jing (景帝, 188BC-141BC),4. The Feudal Society,Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD) Emperor Wu (武帝, 156BC-87BC) defeated, the Hun (匈奴)adopted Dong Zhongshus (董仲舒,179BC-104BC) thoughtopened the Silk Road sent Zhang Qian (张蹇, ?-?) to the We
17、stern Regions married Wang Zhaojun (王昭君, about 52BC-20BC) to the chieftain of the Hun in 33BC.,4. The Feudal Society,Xin (新朝, 9-25) Wang Mang (王莽, 45BC-23AD),4. The Feudal Society,Eastern Han (25-220) Liu Xiu (刘秀, 6BC-57AD),4. The Feudal Society,Three Kingdoms Period (220-280) Cao Cao (曹操, 155-220)
18、Liu Bei (刘备, 161-223) Sun Quan (孙权, 182-252),4. The Feudal Society,Jin Dynasty (晋, 265-420)Sima Yan (司马炎, 236-290), Western Jin (265-316) and the Eastern Jin (317-420) Five Barbarian Groups: Di (氐), Jie (羯), Qiang (羌), Xianbei (鲜卑) and the Hun (匈奴) Sixteen Kingdoms: Han-Former Zhao (汉-前赵), Cheng-Han
19、 (成汉), Former Liang (前凉), Later Zhao (后赵), Former Yan (前燕), Former Qin (前秦), Later Qin (后秦), Later Yan (后燕), Western Qin (西秦), Later Liang (后凉), Southern Liang (南凉), Southern Yan (南燕), Western Liang (西凉), Northern Liang (北凉), Xia (夏), Northern Yan (北燕).,4. The Feudal Society,Southern Dynasty (420-58
20、9): Song (宋, 420-479), Qi (齐, 479-502), Liang (梁, 502-557) and Chen (陈, 557-589) Northern Dynasty (386-581): Northern Wei (北魏, 386-534), Eastern Wei (东魏, 534-550), Northern Qi (北齐, 550-577), Western Wei (西魏, 535-557) and Northern Zhou (北周, 557-581),4. The Feudal Society,Sui (581-618) Emperor Wen (杨坚
21、, 541-604) Emperor Yang (炀帝, 569-618) The Grand Canal (京杭大运河),4. The Feudal Society,Tang (唐朝, 618-907) Li Yuan (李渊, 566-635) Li Shiming (李世民, 598-649) Wu Zetian (武则天, 624-705) Li Longji (李隆基, 685-762 the An-Shi Rebellion,4. The Feudal Society,Five Dynasties: the Later Liang (后梁), Later Tang (后唐), La
22、ter Jin (后晋), Later Han (后汉) and Later Zhou (后周) Ten States: Former Shu (前蜀), Later Shu (后蜀), Jingnan (荆南), Southern Han (南汉), Wu (吴), Southern Tang (南唐), Chu (楚), Min (闽), Wu-Yue (吴越), Northern Han (北汉),4. The Feudal Society,Northern Song (北宋, 960-1127) Zhao Kuangyin (赵匡胤, 927-976) Liao (辽, 907-112
23、5): Qidan (契丹) Western Xia(西夏, 1032-1227): Dangxiang (党项),4. The Feudal Society,Southern Song (1127-1279) Zhao Gou (赵构, about 1107-1187),4. The Feudal Society,Yuan (元朝, 1271-1368) Kublai Khan (1162-1227) Jubilee (忽必烈, 1215-1294),4. The Feudal Society,Ming (明朝, 1368-1644) Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋, 1328-139
24、8 Zhu Di (朱棣),4. The Feudal Society,Qing (清朝,1644-1912) Manchu (满) clan Kangxi (康熙, 1654-1722) Yongzheng (雍正, 1678-1735) Qianlong (乾隆, 1711-1799) Empress Dowager Cixi (慈禧, 1835-1908),5. Democratic Revolution Period,Republic of China (ROC) Dr. Sun Yat-sen (孙中山, 1866-1925) PRC (Peoples Republic of Chi
25、na),Post-class Tasks,I. Fill in the blanks with what you have learnt from the unit. 1) _, _, _ and _ were the four greatest ancient countries with advanced civilizations in the world. 2) According to Chinese myth, _ stood on the earth and supported the heaven with his hands, thus he created the worl
26、d. _ refined the five-colored stones to mend the sky. _ drew the Eight Diagrams used in divination. _ first made fire. 3) _ taught people to cultivate and tasted a large number of herbs to identify their medical functions. 4) _ controlled part of the Yellow River Valley and invented cart, boat, clot
27、hes, script and medicine. He also ordered _ to invent characters and _ to raise silk worms. 5) Today, Chinese people at home and abroad are still regarded as _.,Post-class Tasks,6) According to The Records of the Grand Historian, “Three Sovereigns” were: _, _ and _ while “Five Emperors” were: _, _,
28、_, _ and _. 7) Archeological surveys show that _ lived about 1.7 million years ago. _was proved to live about 1.15 million years ago. _ lived about 400,000-500,000 years ago. 8) _ dating back about 7,000-6,000 years ago was prosperous in color-painted pottery, and was also called “Color-painted Pott
29、ery Culture Period.” _ dating back around 4,900-4,000 years ago was also named “Grey-pottery Culture Period.” 9) _ founded the first dynasty in Chinese history Xia, which marked the transition of the society from the primitive society to _. 10) _ was the first dynasty with record in Chinese history.
30、,Post-class Tasks,11) “The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period” were _, _, _, _ and _. In the Warring States Period, “Seven Great Powers” were _, _, _, _, _, _ and _. 12) After the long bloody fights, all powers were weakened or strengthened with _, _, _ and _ known as the Southern Dynasty
31、, while the _, _, _, _ and _ known as the Northern Dynasty. 13) _ was the only female monarch in Chinese history. 14) In 1912, _ broke out under the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-sen who was known as _. The last emperor _ was forced to dethrone.,Post-class Tasks,II. Translate the following words or phra
32、ses into Chinese. 1) hominid 2) Homo erectus 3) Homo sapiens 4) Matrilineal Clan Society 5) Patriarchal Clan Society 6) feudal fief system 7) enfeoffment system 8) system of prefectures and counties,Post-class Tasks,III. Match the following two groups of words and phrases. 1) Dali Man a. Henan Provi
33、nce 2) Dingcun Man b. Shanxi Province 3) Maba Man c. Guangxi Province 4) Upper Cave Man d. Beijing 5) Liujiang Man e. Guangdong Province 6) Ziyang Man f. Shandong Province 7) Yuanmou Man h. Yunnan Province 8) Lantian Man i. Shaanxi Province 9) Yangshao Culture j. Sichuan Province 10) Longshan Cultur
34、e k. Shaanxi Province,Post-class Tasks,IV. Fill in the following chart. Dynasty Founder Capital Qi Yin Xu Western Zhou Haojing Eastern Zhou King PingYing Zheng Western Han Liu BangLiu Xiu Luoyang Western Jin Sima Yi SuiLi YuanZhao Kuangyin Kaifeng Southern Song Zhao GouJubilee Yanjing / Dadu Ming Yi
35、ngtianfuHuangtaiji,Post-class Tasks,V. Explain the following phrases in English. 1) The Reign Period of the Emperor Wens and Emperor Jings Benign Administration 2) Emperor Wu 3) The Prosperity in the Emperor Guangwus Reign Period 4) The Reign Period of the First Emperors Benign Administration of the
36、 Dynasty 5) The Grand Canal 6) The Benign Administration of Wude Reign Period,Post-class Tasks,7) The Palace Coup at the Xuanwu Gate 8) The Benign Administration of the Zhenguan Reign Period 9) The Benign Administration of Kaiyuan Reign Period 10) The An-Shi Rebellion 11) The Five Dynasties and Ten
37、States 12) Yue Fei,Post-class Tasks,VI. Answer the following questions briefly. 1) What is “clan”, how did it form? 2) When was the feudal fief system founded? What is it? 3) How did the Chinese sayings come, “A smile costs 1,000 pieces of gold” and “The vassals are fooled by the beacon fire”? 4) Do
38、 you know the famous philosophers of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty? Who are they? 5) What did Ying Zheng do during his reign? 6) What are the Five Barbarian Groups who divided China into the Sixteen Kingdoms?,Unit 3 General Knowledge on Chinese Culture,Lead-in Questions,1. What were the four greatest inv
39、entions in ancient China? 2. Can you say something about science and technology, pharmacology and medicine, arts, literature, ideology and education in ancient China? 3. Do you know the Ten Celestial Stems and the Twelve Terrestrial Branches? How did the ancient Chinese mark years, months, days and
40、hours?,1. Science and Technology,Peking Ape Man: the first user of natural fire The Upper Cave Man: first invented artificial fire Hemudu (河姆渡) People: first mastered the skill of well-drilling Banpo Man (半坡人): first produced arrow, fish hook with agnail and fish fork, and first knew how to spin,1.1
41、 Astronomy,Xia Calendar (夏历): Chinas first calendar “the inscriptions on animal bones or tortoise shells” (甲骨文) Book of Odes or Classic of Poetry (诗经): the first sun eclipse record with exact date in China The Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋): the Halleys Comet Gan and Shis Classic of the Constellation
42、s (甘石星经) Zhang Heng ( 张衡, 78-139): invented the worlds first water-powered armillary sphere (浑天仪) and seismometer (地动仪) Zhang Sui (张遂, also named Monk Yixing 一行, 673-727): Dayan Calendar (大衍历),1.2 Agriculture and Planting,Fan Shengzhi (汜胜之): the Western Han Dynasty, Fan Shengzhis Book (汜胜之书) Jia Six
43、ie (贾思勰): the Northern Wei Dynasty, Essential Skills for the Common People (齐民要术) Chen Fu (陈旉): the Southern Song Dynasty, On Agriculture (农书) Wang Zhen (王桢): the Yuan Dynasty, On Agriculture (农书) Xu Guangqi (徐光启):Thoughts and Practice of Advocating Agriculture (农政全书) Lu Yu (陆羽): the Tang Dynasty, “
44、the Saint of Tea”, The Classic of Tea (茶经),1.3 Handicraft and Commerce,the Shang Dynasty: smelt bronze and use iron tools the Spring and Autumn Period: metallurgy the Western Zhou Dynasty: Simuwu Quadrate Vessel (司母戊大方鼎) Maogong Tripod (毛公鼎) “industry and commerce serving the government” (工商食官) the
45、method of recovering melted iron (高温液体还原法) Great merchants: Bai Gui, Lv Buwei, Fan Li Barter trade Cowry shells Mental currency round coin flying money (飞钱) and “guifang” (柜坊, banks or stores) jiaozi (交子) porcelain manufacturing: Tang tricolor ceramics (唐三彩) Large porcelain kilns: celadon vessels of
46、 Yueyao Kiln (越窖的青瓷) porcelain of Xingyao Kiln (刑窖的白瓷) porcelain in Jingdezheng (景德镇) the Song and Yuan Dynasties: Guanyao Kiln in Kaifeng City (开封的官窖)Ruyao Kiln in Ruzhou City (汝州的汝窖) Junyao Kiln in Yuzhou City (禹州的钧窖) Dingyao Kiln in Dingzhou City (定州的定窖) Geyao Kiln at Yuezhou Town (越州的哥窖),1.4 Anc
47、ient Inventions,Eastern Han Dynasty: Du Shi (杜诗) invented “shuipai” (水排) Three Kingdoms: Ma Jun (马钧) improved damask loom (绫机) Eastern Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties : “jimingbu” (鸡鸣布) appeared Yuan Dynasty: Huang Daopo (黄道婆),1.4 Ancient Inventions,Shen Kuo (沈括) : the Song Dynasty, Dream Po
48、ol Essays (梦溪笔谈), “the milestone in Chinas science history”. Guo Shoujing (郭守敬): the Yuan Dynasty, Shoushi Calendar (授时历) Song Yingxing (宋应星), the late Ming Dynasty, Exploitation of the Works of Nature (天工开物), “encyclopedia of technology in the 17th century”.,1.4 Ancient Inventions,Counting and time-keeping devices: shadow clock or sundial (日晷), water clock clepsydra (滴漏), hourglass (沙漏) Ivory tallies (算筹), abacus paper-making: Cai Lun (蔡伦) in 105, paper specimen from a Western Han tomb,
