1、定语从句（the attributive clause）一什么叫定语从句？一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。二定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构：关系词+主语+ 谓语+ 其它2. 种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三关系词的分类及关系词1. 关系代词：who，whom, whose, that ,which, as 2. 关系副词：when，where ，why四关系词的功用1. 起连接作用，引导定语从句2. 在定语从句中作一个成分主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。五什么是先行词？被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。六关系词的用法1. who当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选 who。T
2、he boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. whom当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选 whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3. whose 当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选 whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory. 当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选
3、whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4. that 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选 that.This is a machine that can walk. 当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选 that. 另外，that 可以省略。I like the present (that) my father sent me. 当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用 that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play grou
4、nd is my brother.5. which当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用 which，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that6. 下列情况下，关系词只能选用 that 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 时Is there anything that I can do for you? 当先行词为不定代词 all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well. 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things
5、that I have done today. 当先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help. 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here. time 作先行词，前面有序数词或 last 修饰时This is the last time that Ill give you pocket money. 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。He is no longer the ch
6、ild that he used to be 20 years ago 以 who 开头的特殊疑问句，尽管先行词指人。Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ? 当先行词包括人和物时。7. 下列情况下，关系词只能选 which 在非限制性定语从句中。This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday. 先行词不是一个词，而是前面整个句子的概念时The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy. 当先行词指物，用“介词+which”Th
7、is is the pen with which I often write.8. asAs 引导定语从句时，有四种情况。As 在句中作主语，宾语。 as 单独引导定语从句。As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. the same as 与一样I have the same idea as you. such as 和一样Dont read such a book as you cant understand. asas 和一样In this library, you ca
8、n borrow as many books as you can.9. where 当先行词是指地点的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选 where，where=介词+whichThis is the classroom where we study. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，只能选that/which.This is the factory that/which makes paperThis is the factory(that/which) we visited yesterday. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语
9、从句只能用 whichThis is the school, which he visited. the one 是代词，代替前面的名词，其后的 that/which 往往省略。Is this factory the one you visited? 当 situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名词，关系词在句中作状语时，选 whereYoud better make a mark where you have any questions. 尽管先行词是指地点的名词，关系词在句中作状语，但定语从句末有介词时，选which。This is the lab
10、which we do experiments in.10. when 当先行词是指时间的名词，而且关系副词在句中作状语时，选 when，when=介词+whichWe will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith. 尽管先行词是指时间的名词，但关系词在句中作主语，宾语时，选 that 或 which。Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.We will never forget the days (that/which) we spent with him. 尽管
11、先行词是指时间的名词，关系词在句中作主语，宾语，但非限制性定语从句只能选 which。Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday. one 作替代词，代替前面表示时间的名词，其后的 that/which 往往省略。That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever. time 作先行词，前面有序数词或 last 时，只能选 that。Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week?11. w
12、hy 当先行词是指表示原因的名词 reason 时，如果关系副词作状语，选 why，why=for which.This is the reason why I didnt attend the meeting yesterday. 当先行词是表示原因的名词 reason 时，如果关系副词在句中作宾语，选 that/which,也可省略。My parents didnt believe the reason (that/ which) I give him.七介词+which/whom1. 介词+which/whom 介词的选择根据下面四种情况a. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词Who is the
13、 person with whom you shook hands just now?b. 根据定语从句中的形容词In learning English, he had two things about which he was not sure.c. 根据定语从句所修饰的先行词This is the bike by which I go to school.d. 根据句意。This is the train on which he works. 如果关系词指人，选 whom，如果关系词指物，选 which。2. 不定代词+of+which/whom常用的不定代词有：both, neither
14、, either(两者之一) ，all, none, many, most, some, anyMr. Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting.3. 数词，分词，百分数+of+which/whomThere are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.4. the+名词+of+which=whose+名词He has ju
15、st bought a magazine, the cover of which (=whose cover) is missing.5. 介词+whose+ 名词This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.八非限制性定语从句如果主语和定语从句之间有个逗号，它就是非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性的定语从句的关系词有：which，who, when, where, why, whom, whose.九分隔性的定语从句有时定语从句和先行词之间被其他词隔开，把这种从句叫分隔性的定语从句。The days
16、are gone when China used foreign oil.= Gone are the days when China used foreign oil.十The way 作先行词，引导定语从句的关系词有三种情况： that, in which 省略。I dont like the way _D_ you do things.A. that B. in which C. D. all of the above十一. One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用单数。He is one of
17、the teachers in our school who teach well.He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well.十二. 在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词。I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything.He who breaks the school rules should be punished.Those who break the school rules should be punished.Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished.十三. 定语从句和并列句的区别非限制性的定语从句和主语之间有一个逗号，并列句的结构式单句+并列连词（and, or. so, but）+ 简单句.I have many friends, all of whom are kind to me.I have many friends and all of them are kind to me.
