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牙周专业英语2.doc

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1、牙周生态系(periodontal ecosystem)生态平衡(dynamic equilibrium) 口腔正常菌群(oral normal flora)或固有菌丛(indigenous flora) 。牙菌斑生物膜(dental plaque biofilm)获得性薄膜(acquired pellicle)细菌粘附(adhesion )和共聚(coaggregation)龈上菌斑(supragingival plaque)龈下菌斑 (subgingival plaque )人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus, HCMV); EB 病毒(Epstein-Barrvir

2、us,EBV);单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simple virus,HSV)线性牙龈红斑(linear gingival erythema, LGE) HIV 相关性牙周炎(坏死性溃疡性牙周炎,necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis)内毒素(endotoxin) 脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide)脂磷壁酸(lipoteichoic acid,LTA)外膜蛋白(outer membrane proteins,OMP)纤毛蛋白(fimbriae proteins)膜泡(vesicles) 胶原酶(collagenase) 蛋白酶(proteinase

3、) 透明质酸酶(hyaluronidase) 链激酶(strptokinase) 硫酸软骨素酶(chondrosulfatase) 神经氨酸苷酶(neuralminidase) 白细胞毒素(leukotoxin) 抗中性粒细胞因子(anti-neutrophil factor) 代谢产物(metabolic end products)牙周致病菌 ( periodontal pathogen)证据充分的致病菌伴放线放线杆菌(Aa)牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)福赛坦氏菌(Tf)中等证据的致病菌直肠弯曲菌(Cr) 微小微单胞菌(P.micros)缠结优杆菌(E.nodaum) 中间链球菌(Si)具核梭杆菌

4、(Fn) 齿垢密螺旋体(Td)中间普氏菌(Pi)/变黑普氏菌( Pn)牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis, Pg)牙龈素(gingipains)福赛坦氏菌(Tannerella forsythia, Tf)伴放线放线杆菌(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Aa)中间普氏菌(Prevotella intermedia,Pi)具核梭杆菌(Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fn)粘放线菌(Actinomyces viscosus, Av)齿垢密螺旋体 (Treponema denticola, Td)牙周组织的防

5、御机制 (Defense Mechanisms of Periodontal Tissues) 上皮屏障(Epithelial Barrier) 吞噬细胞(Phagocytic Cells) 龈沟液(Gingival Crevicular fluid) 唾液(Saliva)上皮附着(epithelial attachment)吞噬细胞 (Phagocytic Cells) 中性多形核白细胞(polymorphonuclear leukocyte) 单核/巨噬细胞(monocytes / macrophage)龈沟液 ( gingival crevicular fluid ,GCF)唾液(Sal

6、iva)宿主的免疫炎症反应(Host Immunoinflammatory Responses in Periodontal Disease) 先天性免疫反应(Innate Immune Response ) 获得性免疫反应(Acquired Immune Response) 补体(complement) 急性期蛋白(acute phase protein) 干扰素(interferon ) 中性多形核白细胞(polymorphonuclear leukocytes ,PMNs, neutrophil)中性多形核白细胞(polymorphonuclear leukocytes ,PMNs, n

7、eutrophil)牙周炎发病中宿主和微生物的相互作用(Host-parasite Interaction in Periodontitis) 牙周炎的组织破坏(tissue destruction in periodontitis) 牙周炎的愈合过程(healing processes in periodontitis)蛋白酶(proteinases):基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinases ,MMPs) ,细胞因子(cytokines)前列腺素(Prostaglandin )正常组织更新(normal tissue turnover)牙周炎的愈合过程(heali

8、ng processes in periodontitis) 再生(regeneration)修复(repair):牙周病的全身促进因素(Host Contributing Factors in Periodontal Diseases)易感性(susceptibility) 遗传因素(Genetic Factors) 性激素(Hormone) 吸烟(Smoking ) 有关的系统病(Systemic Diseases)糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus)中性粒细胞异常(neutrophil abnormalities )艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency s

9、yndrome, AIDS)骨质疏松症(osteoporosis)精神压力(Stress)牙周病的局部促进因素(Local contributing factors)一、牙石(Dental Calculus)二、解剖因素(Anatomic Factors)三 牙齿位置异常、拥挤和错合畸形(Malalignment, Crowding and Malocclusion)四、医源性损伤因素(Iatrogenic Factors)五、he 创伤(Traumatic Occlusion)六、食物嵌塞(Food Impaction)七、不良习惯(Habits)八、牙面着色(Dental Stains )

10、膜龈异常(mucogingival deformities)医源性因素(iatrogenic ):充填体悬突(overhangs)1. 磨牙症(bruxism)brvksizm/紧咬牙(clenching ) 2. 吐舌习惯(tongue thrusting)3. 刷牙创伤(toothbrush trauma)4. 口呼吸(mouth breathing)5.其他(others): 咬硬物、咬唇颊等。牙面着色(dental stains)牙周病的主要症状(main symptoms)及临床病理(clinic pathology)牙龈出血和炎症 bleeding and inflammation

11、 in gingiva牙周袋的形成 periodontal pocket being formed牙槽骨吸收 alveolar bone resorption牙松动和移位 tooth mobility and tooth migration牙周病的活动性 periodontal disease activity1. 初期牙龈炎病损(initial lesion )2. 早期牙龈炎病损(early lesion)3. 确立期牙龈炎病损(established lesion )4. 晚期牙周炎病损(advanced lesion)探诊深度(probing depth ,PD)及附着水平(attac

12、hment level,AL,或临床附着水平clinical attachment level, CAL)龈袋 ( gingival pocket)牙周袋 ( periodontal pocket)牙周袋形成的机制(mechanism of pocket formation)牙周袋的病理(histopathology)炎性软组织壁(soft tissue wall)根面壁(root surface wall)袋内容物(pocket contents)结构改变(structrual ) 化学改变 (chemical)细胞毒性改变(cytotoxic)脱矿(demineralization)再矿化

13、(remineralization )牙周袋的类型(Types of Periodontal Pocket)1 . 骨上袋 ( suprabony pocket)2 . 骨下袋 ( infrabony pocket) /骨内袋 ( intrabony pocket) 1 . 单面袋(simple pocket)2 . 复合袋(compound pocket)3 . 复杂袋(complex pocket)一、吸收的机制(mechanism of resorption)二、吸收的病理(pathology of resorption)三、破坏的形成(formation of destruction)

14、四、牙槽骨吸收的临床表现(clinical symptom of resorption)1. 水平型吸收(horizontal resorption)2. 垂直型吸收(vertical resorption)或角形吸收(angular resorption)3. 凹坑状吸收(osseous crater)牙周病的活动性(periodontal disease activity)静止期(quiescence) 加重期 (exacerbation) 病史收集(Health History) 牙周组织检查(Periodontal tissue examination) 合与咬合功能的检查(Occlu

15、sion examination) X 线片检查(Radiographic Aids) 牙周病历的特点及书写要求(Periodontal Case History) 牙周炎的辅助诊断方法(Advanced Diagnostic Techniques)系统病史(Medical History) 口腔病史(Dental History)牙周病史(Periodontal History)口腔卫生状况(Oral Hygiene Status)二、牙龈情况(Gingival Inflammation )三、牙周探诊(Periodontal Probing )四、牙的松动度(Tooth Mobility)

16、牙龈炎症状况(Gingival Inflammation)1.牙龈指数 (gingival index , GI) 2.出血指数(Bleeding Index, BI)3.龈沟出血指数 (sulcus bleeding index , SBI)4.探诊出血 (bleeding on probing , BOP)探诊深度(probing depth )和附着水平 ( attchment level)牙尖交错 ( intercuspal occlusion, ICO)紧咬牙(clenching) ,磨损的小平面( wearing facet)早接触 ( premature contact)Flor

17、ida Probe System病因学(Etiology)始动因子(initial factor)牙龈病(Gingival Diseases) 慢性龈炎 (chronic gingivitis) 边缘性龈炎(marginal gingivitis) ,单纯性龈炎(simple gingivitis) 青春期龈炎 (puberty gingivitis) 增生性龈炎 (hyperplastic gingivitis, puberty-associated gingivitis) 妊娠期龈炎 (pregnancy gingivitis) 白血病的牙龈病损( gingival lesion asso

18、ciated leukemia)药物性牙龈增生 (drug-induced gingival hyperplasia) 牙龈纤维瘤病 (gingival fibromatosis) 牙龈瘤 (epulis)急性坏死性溃疡性龈炎 (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, ANUG)急性龈乳头炎( acute gingival papillitis)急性多发性龈脓肿 ( gingival abscess)慢性牙周炎( chronic periodontitis , CP)牙位特异性( tooth-specific)位点特异性( site-specific)

19、 局限型( localized)广泛型 (generalized) 维护期治疗( maintenance phase therapy)或牙周支持治疗( supportive periodontal therapy)消除局部致病因子( Removal of Causative Factors)控制菌斑( plaque control) 洁治术( supragingival scaling)根面平整术( root planing) 新附着( new attachment)药物治疗( pharmacotherapy) 建立平衡的合关系( Restore of Balanced Occlusion)

20、拔牙 (Tooth Extraction) 消除危险因素( Elimination /Correction of risk Factors) 维护期的牙周支持疗法( Ssupportive Periodontal Therapy in Maintenance Phase ) “Five As“ strategy with ALL patients. ASK patients about their tobacco habits ADVISE them on the importance of giving up AGREE with them a quit date ASSIST them i

21、n achieving this goal ARRANGE follow-up 反映全身疾病的牙周炎 (periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic diseases) 侵袭性牙周炎( aggressive periodontitis, AgP) 早发性牙周炎( early-onset periodontitis, EOP): 青少年牙周炎( juvenile periodontitis, JP) 快速进展性牙周炎( rapidly progressive periodontitis, RPP) 青春前期牙周炎( pre-pubertal periodontitis, PPP) 局限型侵袭性牙周炎 (localized aggressive periodontitis, LAgP) 广泛型侵袭性牙周炎(generalized aggressive periodontitis, GAgP) 反映全身疾病的牙周炎( Periodontitis as a Manifestation of Systemic disease)

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