1、Unit 3 Back to the past Section Word power， Grammar and usage 课件（牛津版必修3）,研读教材，完成下列内容 .重点单词熟记 1_adv.& adj.在附近(的) 2_adj.极度的，极端的 3_n骨骼，骨头 4_adj.木制的 5leather n_ 6explode vt. & vi._ 7complain vi._ 8solution n_ 答案 1.nearby 2.extreme 3.bone 4.wooden 5.皮革 6.爆炸 7.抱怨，诉苦 8.解决办法，解答,.重点短语探究 1_以为例 2_下得很大，倾盆地 3_与某
2、人分享某物 4_称某人为 5be considered to be._ 6be used to do sth_ 7have the chance to do sth_ 8of great value_ 答案 1.take.as an example 2.rain cats and dogs 3share sth with sb 4.call sb sth 5.被认为是 6.被用来做 7.有机会做 8.具有很大的价值,.教材佳句仿写 1As you know，China has achieved a lot in archaeology in the past sixty years.信息提取
3、as引导的定语从句，“正如”。例句仿写众所周知，造纸是我国古代四大发明之一。_ _ _ _ _， paper making is one of the four ancient inventions in our country.,2You have to be very careful not to destroy anything you find.信息提取 动词不定式的否定式。例句仿写你得小心别把衣服弄脏。You have to be very careful _ _ _ your clothes _.,3Either Ann or Jane gave me the vase as a
4、birthday gift.信息提取 either.or.不是就是。例句仿写 不是李华就是李平打坏了窗户。_ Li Hua _ Li Ping broke the window. 4We found the ruins very/most interesting.信息提取“find宾语宾补”结构。例句仿写不少学生发现物理学很有意思。Quite a few students _ physics _ _.答案 1.As is known to all 2.not to get；dirty 3.Either；or 4.find；very interesting,1protect vt.保护，保卫(教
5、材原句)One of its functions is to protect important heritage sites all over the world. (P46)它的功能之一是保护世界各地的重要的遗产地。【句法分析】 这是一个简单句，属“主系表”句型。to protect important heritage sites all over the world作表语。【用法归纳】protection n. 保护under the protection of. 在的保护下,【即境活用】 People first began to wear hats to _ themselves
6、from the climate. Adefend Bprotect Cprevent Dhide 解析 根据本句的结构可知B项正确。protect指借用某东西作为“防御、保护”的工具，使人或物免受伤害。 答案 B,2put out发表，发布；伸出；熄灭；出版(教材原句)On the World Heritage List put out by UNESCO, altogether there are about 900 World Heritage sites, which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civiliz
7、ations. (P46)在联合国教科文组织公布的世界遗产目录中，一共有大约900处世界遗产遗址，这些遗址被认为对人类文明有着非凡的价值。【句法分析】 这是一个主从复合句。,【用法归纳】 put down 放下，记下 put off 推迟 put on 穿上，戴上；演出 put through 经历；接通(电话) put up 举起；建立；张贴；短期住宿 put up with 忍受,【即境活用】 (1)Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _ almost every word her teacher says. Aput
8、 out Bput down Cput away Dput together 解析 考查动词短语辨析。根据题干的语境可知，空格处表示的是“记下”之意，在选项中，B项有“记下，写下”之意，符合语境。 答案 B,(2)The exam results will be _ on Friday afternoon. Aput down Bput off Cput up Dput away 解析 句意：考试结果将在下周五下午公布。A选项意为“放下”；B选项意为“推迟”；C选项意为“张贴；公布；举起”；D选项意为“收拾”。故选C。 答案 C,(3)He decided that he would driv
9、e all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night. Aputting down Bputting off Cputting on Dputting up 解析 根据句意可知，这里应该填一个有“住下”含义的词组，put up除了“举起”之意外，还有“留宿”的意思，符合题意。 答案 D,3take.as an example 以为例(教材原句)Take the ancient Roman city Pompeii as an example. (P46)以古罗马庞贝城为例。【句法分析】 这是一个祈使句。【用法归纳】for exampl
10、e 例如give an example 举例set/give an example to sb 给某人树立榜样follow/copy the example of 学习的榜样；照的样子such as 例如,【即境活用】 I will show you how to hit the ball and then you must _ my example. Acopy Blisten Cset Dmake 解析 表达“照我的样子去做”，应用copy/ follow my example。 答案 A,4as引导原因状语从句(教材原句)This means that the things have t
11、o be carefully examined and studied, as they are often very old. (P47)这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。,【句法分析】 这是一个主从复合句，that the things have to be carefully examined and studied, as they are often very old是宾语从句，该从句中又有as引导的原因状语从句。 句中as引导原因状语从句，表示已知的、比较明显的原因，意为“由于，因为”，用作连词。常位于句首或句中，不能回答含why的疑问句，也不能在
12、强调句中作为被强调的成分。 As I havent seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.由于我没有看过这部影片，所以谈不出对影片有什么看法。 As the weather was fine, we decided to go for a walk. 因为天气好，我们决定去散步。,【即境活用】 According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _ a woman. Athan Bsuch Cso Das 解析 此处是as
13、 adj. as结构，表示比较。句意：据统计，男人死于皮肤癌的几率是女人的两倍多。 答案 D,5discover vt. 发现(教材原句)In 1980, I took part in discovering the preserved body of a woman. (P47)1980年间，我参与发现了一具女尸的行动。【句法分析】 这是一个简单句，In 1980是时间状语。,【用法归纳】 discovery n. 发现 discoverer n. 发现者 discover that. discover sb/sth to be.发现某人/某事成为 discover sb doing 发现某
14、人做某事,【即境活用】 Faraday _ electricity, but Edison _light bulb. Adiscovered; discovered Binvented; invented Cinvented; discovered Ddiscovered; invented 解析 discover发现已经存在的但先前不为人知的东西，invent发明了原本不存在的东西。 答案 D,6at (the) least至少(教材原句)Think about what you want to study in the future, and write at least ten word
15、s related to this subject. (P47)考虑一下你将来想学的东西，就这个主题写下至少十个单词。【句法分析】 这是一个并列复合句。由and连接两个祈使句，what you want to study in the future是宾语从句，related to this subject是后置定语。,【用法归纳】 at ( the ) most 至多 not in the least 一点也不 last but not least 最后但同样重要的,【即境活用】 The house still needed a lot of work, but _ the kitchen w
16、as finished. Ainstead Baltogether Cat once Dat least 解析 句意：这所房子仍然需要大量工作(才能建完)，但至少厨房已经竣工了。at least“至少”，根据句意知此项符合；instead“相反”；altogether“总共”；at once “立刻，马上”。 答案 D,7take the time to do不慌不忙地做某事(教材原句)He took the time to answer all our questions and his answers were very wise. (P48)他不慌不忙的回答我们所有的问题，而且他的回答充
17、满智慧。【句法分析】 这是一个并列句，前一分句属“主谓宾”句型，后一分句属“主系表”结构。,【用法归纳】 take ones time 不着急，慢慢来 It takes sb some time to do sth 某人做某事花了多长时间。 Its time for sth 该做某事了。 Its ( high/about) time that.该做某事了。(从句谓语用动词的过去式或should动词原形，should 不能省略),【即境活用】 (1)This is the first time we _ a film in the cinema together as family. Asee
18、Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seen 解析 This is the first time (time) 这是第一次，that引导的从句用现在完成时，故选D。 答案 D,(2)I am afraid I cant return the book to you before Friday. _. ADont be afraid BBe careful CNor at all DTake your time 解析 句意：恐怕星期五之前我不能把书还给你。别着急，慢慢看。take ones time“别着急，慢慢来”，符合语境。 答案 D,8drive vt. 迫使(某人生气等)；驾驶；开
19、车送(人)，驱赶(教材原句)The extreme heat almost drove me crazy. (P48)酷热几乎使我发疯。,【句法分析】 这是一个简单句，属“主谓宾宾补”句型，形容词crazy充当宾补。 Her daughters addiction to drug almost drove her mad. 她女儿的毒瘾几乎使她发疯。 Can you drive me home? 你可以开车送我回家吗？ He was so angry that he drove off without a word. 他那么生气，一句话没说就开车走了。 He was driven out of
20、 the club. 他被驱逐出俱乐部。,【用法归纳】 drive sb mad 使某人发疯 drive sb home 开车送某人回家 drive away 驱车离开；驱赶，驱逐 drive off 驱车离开；驱散 drive sb out (of) 把某人驱逐出,【即境活用】 完成句子 (1)你能开车送我去车站吗？ Can you _ me _ the station? (2)你会把我逼疯的。 You _ me _. 答案 (1)drive; to (2)will drive; mad,9prepare v. 预备；准备(教材原句)We got out our flashlights an
21、d prepared ourselves to go into the tomb. (P51)我们拿出手电筒准备好进入墓葬。【句法分析】 这是一个简单句，属“主谓宾”句型。,【用法归纳】 prepare sb to do sth/ for sth 使某人准备好(做)某事 be prepared for/ to do sth 为(做)某事做好了准备 make preparations for 为做好准备 in preparation for 为做好准备,【即境活用】 (1)Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think
22、so. He _ for it for months. Ais preparing Bwas preparing Chad been preparing Dhas been preparing 解析 考查时态。由句中for months 与 will 可知，prepare的动作应发生在过去而且到目前为止还在继续，故用现在完成进行时。 答案 D,(2) Whats the terrible noise? The neighbors _ for a party. Ahave prepared Bare preparing Cprepare Dwill prepare 解析 考查时态。由上下文语境可
23、知，此处是讲现在正在发生的事。 答案 B,10condition nU状况；C条件；常复数环境(教材原句)Most of them were in good condition. (P51)它们当中的大部分保存完好。,【句法分析】 这是一个简单句，属“主系表”句型，表语是由介词短语in good condition充当。 He cant go for an outing, since he is in poor condition. 他不能外出游玩，因为他身体状况差。 I will come on condition that my parents are invited, too. 在我父母
24、也被邀请的情况下，我才会来。 The teacher creates the conditions that will allow the children to learn. 这位老师创造了能让孩子们学习的环境。,【用法归纳】 be in good condition 身体很好，完好无损 be out of condition 身体不佳 on no condition 一点也不，绝不 on condition that. 如果，条件是，倘若 living/working conditions 居住/工作环境,【即境活用】 From their _ on the top of the TV T
25、ower, visitors can have a better view of the city. Astage Bposition Ccondition Dsituation 解析 句意为：从他们在电视塔上所处的位置上，游客们可以更好地来俯瞰城市。stage“阶段；舞台”，condition“条件；环境”，situation“形势；情况”；故不合语境。 答案 B,11another adj.& pron. 另一个(的)(教材原句)All of us wanted to stay there for another hour.(P51)我们都想在那儿再呆一个小时。【句法分析】 这是一个简单句
26、，属“主谓宾”句型。to stay there for another hour作宾语。【用法归纳】one after another 一个接一个地one another 互相,【即境活用】 (1)Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came. Aeither Banother Cneither Dnone 解析 考查代词辨析。句意：索菲亚等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but 可知，此处应用表示否定含义的代词，所以排除A项和B项。neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。根据前半句中的a reply提示可知，应选D项。 答案 D,
27、(2)Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? _one? AOther BEvery CAnother DMore 解析 考查不定代词与数词的连用。句意：亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？还要吃一块？another与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面；other或more与数词连用时，数词放在它们的前面；every指每一个，含义与all接近，因此选C。 答案 C,(3)I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I coul
28、dnt face_ day like that. Aother Banother Cthe other Dothers 解析 考查与other相关的单词的辨析。句意：我昨天一整天都感到很糟糕，以至于我今天早晨决定不可以再面对那样的一天了。another“另一，又一”符合题意。 答案 B,12come to达到某种(通常为坏的)情况或状态(教材原句)What has the world come to when the past matters more than the present？(P51)过去比现在重要，这世界变成了什么样？,【句法分析】 这是一个主从复合句，when the past
29、 matters more than the present是时间状语从句。句中短语come to还可以作“总计，合计，被想起，说到”讲。 What will the world come to when all the animals die out some day？将来有一天所有动物都死亡了的时候，世界将会是什么样子？ The idea came to him in his bath. 他洗澡时想出了这个主意。 When it comes to football, he talks a lot. 当说到足球时，他就很健谈。 All the expenses came to $560. 所
30、有花费共计560美元。,【用法归纳】 come about 发生，产生 come across 偶遇 come up 走近；出现 come up with 提出(主意，计划) come out 出版 when it comes to 谈到，涉及 come to an end 结束,【即境活用】 Have you _ some new ideas? Yeah. Ill tell you later. Acome about Bcome into Ccome up with Dcome out with 解析 come about“发生”；come into“进入；继承”；come up with
31、“找到或提出(答案、办法等)”；come out with“说出某事物”。句意：你想出什么新点子了吗？是的，我一会儿告诉你。 答案 C,知能精解 一、宾语补足语 1英语中有些及物动词，除有一个宾语外，还要有一个宾语补足语才能使句子的意思完整。这类动词主要包括：make，consider，believe，cause，feel，hear，listen to，see，find，have，let，call等。其句型为：及物动词宾语宾语补足语。,2名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词、从句可作宾语补足语。We all called him “monkey”(宾补为名词)We beli
32、eved him honest.(宾补为形容词)I saw him out with his father.(宾补为副词)We found everything in the lab in good order.(宾补为介词短语)I dont force him to do anything he dislikes.(宾补为不定式)Nobody noticed him enter the room.(宾补为不带to的不定式),I saw him crossing the road by himself.(宾补为现在分词) When we arrived there，we saw the wor
33、k done.(宾补为过去 分词) The plant has its own name.You cant call it what you will. (宾补为从句),3在主动语态中，有几类动词后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补；但变为被动语态时，一定要加上不定式符号to。这几类动词有：感官动词：feel，hear，listen to，see，look at，watch，notice，observe；使役动词：have，let，make。help后的不定式可带to，也可不带to。He noticed a man enter the room.(A man was noticed to ente
34、r the room.)I saw the children cross the road.(The children were seen to cross the road.)The boss made the children work ten hours a day.(The children were made to work ten hours a day.),4一些感官动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补和接现在分词作宾补的区别：不带to的不定式作宾补表示动作已经完成，现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行。I observed a stranger enter the house.我注意到一个
35、陌生人进了那所房子。(动作已完成)I observed a stranger entering the house.我注意到一个陌生人正走进那所房子。(动作正在进行)I heard her sing a song in the next room.我听到她在隔壁唱歌了。(动作已完成)I heard her singing a song in the next room.我听到她正在隔壁唱一首歌。(动作正在进行),5宾补还可用于形式宾语it之后。They thought it right to do this test.(right为宾补)We all think it our duty tha
36、t we should support him.(our duty为宾补)We find it necessary to master a foreign language.(necessary为宾补),6含不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的句子转换成被动语态后，原来的宾补即为主补。His father made him do a lot of housework after school.He was made to do a lot of housework after school by his father.I heard him singing an English song in
37、the classroom.He was heard singing an English song in the classroom.The boy saw the dog tied to the tree.The dog was seen tied to the tree by the boy.,二、主谓一致 主谓一致可依据三条原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致 原则。 1语法一致原则一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。My father is in charge of the company.What the teacher said is of g
38、reat importance.The number of students has been increasing in recent years.,并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，如：bread and butter/a knife and fork/needle and thread/a cart and horse/a teacher and writer等。若and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each，every，no或many a修饰，谓语动词用单数。 A cart and horse was seen in the distance. In thi
39、s hotel，the bread and butter is served for breakfast. Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Many a ship has been wrecked on these rocks. 倒装句中谓语动词应与后面的主语一致。,On the wall were famous paintings. Look! Here comes the bus. 主语后接as well as/together with/but/except/like/including/in ad
40、dition to时，谓语动词要与主语一致。(这也称作“中心语原则”。) The teacher as well as the students has seen the film. Nobody but Tom was here. His parents，together with him，are going to visit the museum. each，either，neither或由some，any，no，every构成的合成代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。none作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。,Each of us has read the book. Nobody wants t
41、o go there. None knows/know a great deal about the experiment. 一些只有复数形式的名词如：clothes，scissors，trousers，shorts，glasses，people，cattle，police等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,2意义一致原则作主语用的集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；若指其中的所有成员，谓语动词则用复数。The committee was made up of 10 members.The committee were in the hall.My family enjoy sports a
42、nd games.My family has moved into the new house.表示时间、距离、价格、度量等，往往作整体看待，谓语动词用单数。,Five yuan is enough. One hundred li was covered on a single night. Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary changes. 定冠词theadj.表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数。 The English speak English. The sick have been cured and the lost ha
43、ve been found.,3就近一致原则由or，not.but.，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。What he does or what he says does not concern me.Either you or I am able to do it.在there be结构中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。There are two bowls and a plate on the table.There is a plate and two bowls on the table.,知
44、能精练 1Mrs Smith was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.Arepaired it Bit repairedCrepaired Dto be repaired解析 she had had.repaired为定语从句，修饰前面的the washing machine。这个定语从句用了使役结构have/has sth done 的过去完成时态。答案 C,2The chairman thought _necessary to invite Professor Smith
45、 to speak at the meeting.Athat Bit Cthis Dhim解析 it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，necessary形容词作宾补。答案 B,3With a lot of difficult problems _， the newlyelected president is having a hard time.Asettled BsettlingCto settle Dbeing settled解析 考查with的复合宾语结构。动词不定式作宾补，表示问题尚待解决。答案 C,4The young man who saw the car _into the
46、river telephoned the police station.Arun Bwas runCwas running Dto run解析 see.do sth看到做(某事)的全过程。答案 A,5The machines are made _ at full speed.Awork BworkingCto work Dto be worked解析 使役动词在被动语态中要接带to的不定式作主补。答案 C,6I would like _that I dont have a very high opinion of you.Ato have you know Bhave you knowCto
47、have your known Dhaving you known解析 would like to do sth想要做某事。不定式是一个使役结构have sb do sth，这里的have you know意为：让你知道。答案 A,7Our teacher raised her voice so that she could make herself _ by the students at the back of the classroom.Ahear BheardChearing Dto be heard解析 make oneself heard意为：让别人听见自己，oneself 与hear是动宾关系。答案 B,8Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.Ais handing out Bare to hand outCare handing out Dis to hand out解析 either.or.要么要么，连接主语时，谓语动词要与最接近的主语一致，即就近原则。“be不定式”表将来。答案 D,
