1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage,一,二,三,一、词汇复习 根据Reading部分的文章将短文补充完整 Police who took 1. of the 2. in which a boy named Justin went missing have 3. up their search for him.People have shown great interest in his disappearance 4. reports of strange lights in the sky and of alien visits around the
2、 time of his 5. .,charge,case,stepped,due to,disappearance,一,二,三,Justin left home to play baseball with two friends at 8 p.m.and after the game he returned home at about 11 p.m.Justins sister says she saw some white-skinned strange 6. standing inside a large spaceship.She believed that the aliens to
3、ok him.Some people in Dover also say that they saw aliens that night. Police have not 7. the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens,but they are 8. other 9. as well.They will not give up until they find hard 10. .,creatures,dismissed,looking into,possibilities,evidence,一,二,三,二、词汇预习 预习本部分词汇,写出画线
4、单词的含义或者根据提示写出单词 1.Why did you (不予考虑)his opinion? Because it was not (以为基础)on facts. 2.The school boy is enthusiastic about aliens .He dreams of witnessing a UFO one day.He has made a questionnaire among astronomersrecently,which shows that most of them believe aliens exist .,dismiss,based,热情的,外星人,目击
5、,调查问卷,天文学家,存在,一,二,三,三、语法预习 根据情境与汉语意思完成句子 Mum:Hi,Im home.It 1. a long and tiring day today. 嗨,我回来了。今天真是够累的。 Tom:Where 2. ,mum? 你去哪里了,妈妈? Mum:I 3. to a supermarket,and bought a little salt.Tell me what you have done today. 我去了趟超市,买了一点盐。告诉我今天你都做了些什么。,has been,have you been,have been,一,二,三,Tom:I 4. all
6、my homework. 我把所有功课都做完了。 Mum:Oh,good boy.And? 噢,好孩子,然后呢? Tom:I 5. all the rooms. 我打扫了所有的房间。 Mum:You 6. very tired now. 你现在一定很累了。,have finished,have cleaned,must be,1,2,3,语法指南,I did research in a base in outer space called space station.(Page 7) 我在一个被称为太空站的外太空基地做研究。 He has just been to Qomolangma Bas
7、e Camp.(Page 8) 他刚刚去过珠峰大本营,1,2,3,语法指南,考点:base n.基地,大本营;底部;基础 vt. 以为基础 The base of the company is in Shanghai,but there are branches all over the country. 公司总部在上海,但在全国都有分公司。 This university has a good base of scientific research. 这所大学有很好的科研基础。 The lamp has a heavy base. 这个台灯底座很沉。 You should base your
8、 theory on practice.=Your theory should be based on practice. 你应该把理论建立在实践的基础之上。,1,2,3,语法指南,base.on. 把建立在的基础之上 be based on 以为基础,1,2,3,语法指南,1,2,3,语法指南,1,2,3,语法指南,My friend Jack is enthusiastic about travelling.(Page 8) 我的朋友杰克热衷于旅游。 考点:enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热烈的;满腔热忱的 All the members are enthusiastic ab
9、out the project. 全体成员对这个项目都充满热情。 The football star received an enthusiastic welcome. 那位足球明星受到了热烈的欢迎。 考点延伸 enthusiasm n.热情 We set about the task at once with great enthusiasm. 我们立即满腔热情地开始了这项任务。,1,2,3,语法指南,be enthusiastic about对热心,充满热情 enthusiasm n.热情,1,2,3,语法指南,完成句子 2)他热心助人。 He others. 3)他对这个新计划不怎么有热
10、情。 He showed little for the new plan. 答案1)is enthusiastic about 2)is enthusiastic about helping 3)enthusiasm,1,2,3,语法指南,Though he has never met any aliens,he believes they do exist.(Page 8) 虽然他从未见过外星人,但他相信他们的确存在。 考点一:句中do意为“的确,确实”,起强调谓语的作用。 He did come after all! 他毕竟还是来了! She does like listening to
11、pop songs. 她真的喜欢听流行歌曲。 Do come this evening. 今天晚上一定要来。 He did write to you last week. 上周他的确给你写信了。,1,2,3,语法指南,考点二:exist vi. 存在;生存 Do you think life exists on Mars? 你认为火星上存在生命吗? They exist on very little money. 他们靠很少的钱来过活。 考点延伸 existence n.存在,生存 come into existence出现;产生 No one knows when such a custom
12、 first came into existence. 没有人知道这种风俗是何时开始形成的。 No strong evidence for its existence has ever been found. 还没有找到它存在的有力证据。,1,2,3,语法指南,exist on=live on靠生存 existence n.存在,生存 come into existence出现;产生,1,2,3,语法指南,变式训练 3)Do you believe God exists? Do you believe God? 答案1)existence 2)did 3)the existence of,1,
13、2,3,语法指南,现在完成时 1.构成 主语+have/has+过去分词 2.现在完成时的“完成用法” 现在完成时的“完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某个时刻并已结束,但该动作对现在有影响,与现在情况具有因果关系,在这种用法中,动作是非延续性的,因此只能与表示不确定的过去时间状语(already,yet,before,recently等)、表示频度的时间状语(never,ever,once等),及包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(this morning,today等)连用。,1,2,3,语法指南,He has already seen the film.他已看过这部电影。(动作结束于过去,但说明的是
14、现在的情况,他了解该电影的情节) She has opened the windows.她已把窗子打开。(动作发生在过去,但说明的是现在的情况,现在窗子开着) My father has repaired two bicycles this morning. 今天上午爸爸修了两辆自行车。(动作已结束,但说明的是现在的情况,自行车已经可以用了),1,2,3,语法指南,3.现在完成时的“未完成用法” 现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,并且可能还会继续下去。现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词(瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词)。该用法在句子
15、中常出现表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引出),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(up to now,so far等)。 He has worked here since 2000. 自从2000年以来,他一直在这儿工作。(动作起始于2000年,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去),1,2,3,语法指南,4.使用现在完成时的几点注意事项 (1)当so far,up till now,up to now,up to the present,until now等表示“迄今为止”的短语做时间状语时,常用现在完成时。 So far I have finished one third of the
16、work. 到目前为止我已完成了工作的三分之一。 (2)“for+一段时间”不一定全部用现在完成(进行)时态,有时可用一般过去时,需要根据语境仔细斟酌。 The Roman Empire existed for several hundred years. 罗马帝国存在了好几百年。 He learned the piano for three years when he was young. 他小时候学了三年钢琴。,1,2,3,语法指南,(3)在下列句型中,从句中要用现在完成时。 It (This/That) is the first time (that). It is the first
17、time (that) Ive been here. 这是我第一次来这儿。 It (This/That) is the only/the first/the best.(that). This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的电影。 (4)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,现在完成时态表示将来某时间以前已完成的动作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 除非我亲眼看到,否则我不会相信你。 I will go with you as soon
18、as I have finished my work. 我做完了工作就和你一起去。,1,2,3,语法指南,现在完成进行时 1.构成 主语+have/has been+现在分词 2.需要注意的用法 (1)在强调动作还未结束,还要进行下去时,多用现在完成进行时,强调动作的延续性和持续性。 Ive been writing the composition for two hours,but I havent finished it yet. 这篇作文我已写了两个小时,但还没有写完。(强调动作没有结束,还要继续下去) I have been wanting to meet you for a long
19、 time. 和你见面是我盼望已久的事。,1,2,3,语法指南,(2)有些动词如live,play,rain,teach,study,wait等用于现在完成时并不表示动作已经完成,所以它们既可用于现在完成时,也可用于现在完成进行时,但如果强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感情色彩时,用现在完成进行时更好一些。 We have been playing football for nearly 3 hours. 我们已经踢了近三个小时的足球了。 Lisa has always been studying hard. 丽莎学习总是非常努力。(赞许的感情色彩) (3)现在完成进行时有时也用来表示一种现在这个
20、阶段反复发生的事。 I have always been thinking of her but I cant see her. 虽然我一直在想着她,但是我不能见她。,1,2,3,语法指南,现在完成进行时与现在完成时的比较 1.两种时态偶尔可互换使用,含义基本相同 I have been working here for five years.=I have worked here for five years. 我在这里已经工作五年了。 He has worked hard all his life.=He has been working hard all his life. 他一生努力工
21、作。,1,2,3,语法指南,2.多数情况下两种时态不可换用 在表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”这个概念时,现在完成时多用于口语。如果侧重动作的结果,多用现在完成时;如果侧重动作的延续性或者动作仍然继续下去时,宜采用现在完成进行时,而且不能与现在完成时互换。 I have read this book. 我读过这本书。(动作已经完成) Ive been reading this book. 我一直在读这本书。(动作还将继续下去) 3.表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时 I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了。 不可说成:I have been knowin
22、g him for years.,1,2,3,语法指南,答案1)has been writing 2)has been working,1,2,3,语法指南,答案3)has made 4)have been trying,1,2,3,语法指南,答案5)have been cutting 6)have been made 7)has seen,1,2,3,语法指南,答案8)has been made 9)has left,1,2,3,语法指南,答案10)has increased 11)has been taking,1,2,3,语法指南,答案12)has been 13)have changed,
