1、Grammar and usage,Unit 2 Sporting events,Modal verbs,情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有词义，但是不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和不带to的动词不定式连用。学科网,ability,certainty,permission,obligation,make requests,make suggestions,make offers,give advice,能力,义务, 责任,确定,允许,提出请求,提出建议,提供帮忙,提出忠告,Modal verbs: general introduction,(1) He can run the 100m sprint
2、 in 11 seconds. (2) _this little girl read before she goes to the primary school?,ability,can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如： Accidents can happen. Anybody can make mistakes,can / be able to,Can,can / be able to,ability,在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用waswere able to而不能用could。如： It was a holid
3、ay and the children were able to go to the seaside The girl worked hard so she _pass the final test Im sorry I havent been able to play tennis with you recently.,was able to,obligation,ought to/should,ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法, 用于各种人称。 ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：学科网
4、We shouldought to help each other and learn from each other in our work You _(不应该）spend so much time playing. She is your mother, so you ought to support her Ought he to go? Yes, I think he _,shouldnt,ought (to),have to / must,obligation,must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。 1) must只有现在时，而have to有现在时
5、、过去时和将来时。如： We must work hard, or well fail in the examination Two years ago, the poor girl _leave school for lack of money,had to,2) must表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观需要。如： We must be strict with ourselves in everything In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks,obligation,have to / must,She mi
6、ght win a medal at the Olympics. She may be at home now.学科网 She could read and write at the age of 4. She should come to join us. She ought to / will / must help me whenever I am in trouble.,certainty,might / may/ could / should / ought to / will / must,very uncertainty,almost certainty,can / could
7、/ may / might,could比can 更委婉，might比may 更委婉 Can I watch the Olympics ? Yes, you can. No, you cant. May I watch TV after finishing my homework? Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. / No, you may not. / No, youd better not.,permission,informal / spoken,formal / written,Will / Can/ Could/Would you help me wit
8、h my training? Yes, I will/can/can/will.,will / can / could / would,make requests,informal,formal,make suggestions,shall常用于第一，三人称，表示征求对方意见。 Shall we / I / he / she / they do some exercise this morning? Yes. Shall he come in? Ok.,make offers,Ill wash your sports jacket. _I get a ticket for you? _we c
9、arry the books for you ? Shall I clean the blackboard for you?,give advice,You _eat a lot before swimming. The students should spend all their time working at their lessons.,May,Shall,should not/ought not to,和其他时态的连用,The boys may be playing football on the playground. The boys may have finished thei
10、r homework by the time school is over. He plays basketball very well. He must have practiced it a lot. Our headmaster must have been to USA, for he knows the country so much.,shall可以用来征求对方意见。用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如： Shall she go to the concert with us this evening? (征求意见
11、) You shall go to the front at once(命令) Dont worryYou shall get the answer this very afternoon（允诺） He shall be sorry one dayI tell you(警告) Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution(决心),shall / will,will在肯定句中表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。在疑问句中用于第二、三人称表示意愿。如： Will you go hiking with me in the moun
12、tain? Will he pay for me? If you will listen to me, Ill give you some advice on how to learn English If you will come this way, the manager will meet you ,shall / will,mustnt / neednt,mustnt 解释为“_”，语气强烈；neednt “_”，语气缓和。 You mustnt play on the street. You neednt watch the game if you dont want to. Mu
13、st we clean the classroom? Yes, you must. /No, you neednt.,不准，不许,不需要，没必要,need,作为情态动词时，常用于疑问句和否 定句。 Need I help you? Yes, please. You neednt telephone him now.,must have done 的反意疑问句,You must have seen the film, havent you? You must have seen the film last week, didnt you? His parents must have beaten
14、 him, havent they? His parents must have beaten him yesterday, didnt they?,Have a try!,A left-luggage office is a place where bags_be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should B. can C. must D. will,B,2. How _ you say that you really understandthe whole story if you have cover
15、ed only part of the article?A. can B. must C. need D. may,A,3. The room is so dirty. _ we cleanit?Of course .A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do,B,4. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it?A. should B. must C. could D. would,C,5. I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian
16、coins._ I have a look?Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should,B,6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave,B,7. Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. woul
17、d C. should D. might,D,8. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will,A,9. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.They _ be ready by 12:00.A. can B. should C. might D. need,B,10. The fire spread through th
18、e hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could,C,11. When he was there, he _ go to thatcoffee shop at the corner after work everyday.A. would B. should C. had better D. might,A,12. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say,D,
