1、Argumentation in IELTS Academic Writing,Contents,Introduction to IELTS Academic Writing -Module Format -Task 1 -Task 2 Formulating an Essay Practice Assignments,Module Format,IELTS Academic Writing lasts a total of 60 minutes. It consists of 2 tasks (Writing Task 1 and Writing Task 2) and candidates
2、 must answer BOTH tasks.,Task 1,For Writing Task 1 candidates are given some visual information which may be presented in the form of one or more related diagrams, charts, graphs or tables. Candidates are asked to describe the information or data. They must write at least 150 words on this task. Mor
3、e details in the lectures on English Writing at Work,Charts (graphs),Charts (table),Task 2,For Writing Task 2, candidates are presented with an opinion, problem or issue which they must discuss. They may be asked to present the solution to a problem, present and justify an opinion, compare and contr
4、ast evidence or opinions, or evaluate and challenge an argument or idea. Candidates must write at least 250 words and are advised to spend 40 minutes on this task. Here is the sample:,Writing Task 2 You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic: Modern educational i
5、nstitutions do not offer all the ingredients that are needed for success. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.,Task 2,Writing Task 2 assessment is based on the followin
6、g criteria: 1) Task Response (relevance, support) 2) Coherence and Cohesion 3) Lexical Resource 4) Grammatical Range and Accuracy Each of the tasks is assessed separately by a trained and qualified examiner and given a score. Writing Task 2 is worth more marks than Writing Task 1 so candidates shoul
7、d be sure to leave plenty of time to complete Writing Task 2. Academic Writing band scores are reported in whole bands or half bands.,Formulating an Essay,1. Understanding the Question 2. Brainstorming and Vocabulary 3. Organizing the Essay,Formulating an Essay,Sample Question:Modern educational ins
8、titutions do not offer all the ingredients that are needed for success. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 1. Understanding the Question -Spend some time reading the question and mark any important words.,Formulating an essay,2. Brainstorming and Vocabulary-The process of creating and collecti
9、ng ideas, before you begin to work on an essay. Dont write long sentences. Questions to Ask: How do you define Modern educational institutions? Whatre the ingredients for success? Among these ingredients, which one(s) can be offered by modern educational institutions? Which ones can not?,Formulating
10、 an essay,3. Organizing the Essay -After brainstorming, you should organize your ideas by giving a list of pros and cons. Remember to mark the ideas that you are most familiar with and can talk further about. Practice: Write an Essay Plan with specific examples within 5 minutes. Thesis View points E
11、vidences,Sample Answer,Read the sample answer . Make comments, then. 5.5 The thesis is not relevant nor clear, failing to control the overall development of the essay. Off and on in the supporting part, the progression of ideas are disturbed by irrelevant details. Ideas are not organized in a logica
12、l way. The major view points are not supported fully, incl. the one at the beginning part of the conclusion para. The ending paragraph should be divided into two.Therere few obvious grammatical problems, but not much sentence variety nor trial on advanced words are seen.,Practice,In many countries,
13、traditional foods are being replaced by international foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?,Work in groups to brainstorm ideas and give specific examples. Organize them into the table below, while work out as many relevant wo
14、rds as you can.,Now report what youve done to the whole class!,Vocabulary,Deep-fried 油炸的 Nutrition 营养（学） Big Mac 汉堡“巨无霸” Convenient, take-away instantly, drive-in/while-you-wait service 便利即时的免下车外带服务 Diet coke 减肥可乐 Eat healthily Fast-generation Fat/obese/overweight Fries/chips, Healthy diet 健康饮食 High
15、 in fat/sugar/calories 高脂肪/高糖/高热量 Low in protein/fibre/vitamin 低 蛋白质/低纤维/低维生素 Pose health hazards 造成健康危害 Traditional meal 传统膳食,Cons,1 Many people in Western countries are becoming increasingly concerned that the fast food diet is a major contribution to serious health problems, such as obesity and h
16、eart disease. A fast food meal contains many more calories than a similar-sized healthy meal. Fast food contains a very high amount of calories. About 65 percent higher than a typical diet and twice as high as recommended healthy diets. Another fact is that fast food may speed up peoples risk of blo
17、cking arteries that can lead to heart attacks. The relationships between high cholesterol and heart disease or strokes are also well known.,Cons,2. There is little doubt about the almost definite correlation between obesity and fast food. Fast food and obesity have been a major link that makes the A
18、merican dinning experience and unfortunately American health problem most noteworthy to world specialists. Most significantly,the impending danger of fast food and obesity concern has become a world phenomenon.,Cons,3. When it comes to health, the answer should be a big NO.When those people are at r
19、isk of the fast food and obesity outbreak, the consumer should think twice before he/she takes his/her sweet soda. This is because fast food not only contains many more calories than traditional food, but also is more likely to undermine normal appetite control systems, which makes us eat more than
20、we need. One final word of caution when it comes to fast food: even when the options are low fat and low calorie, many are still very low in nutritious and fibre content.,Cons,4. Realising these inherent health hazards of fast food, Westerners are changing their habits accordingly. The point is that
21、 these can be avoided,and that there are better choices. And I personally avoid them because they are extremely unhealthy and while it may taste good going down, it fells like a rock in my stomach afterwards.,Pros,1What makes fast food so appealing to people is that it is not just hot and tasty, but
22、 also constant and convenient. The fast-paced lifestyle of the current generation only leaves fast food in the high-ladder for convenience. Preparing meals with minimum fuss has become so valuable.,Pros,2. There are apparent problems with fast food and replacing regular meals with fast food, this is
23、nt to say, however, that fast food cannot be consumed occasionally. Besides some options that can be quite healthy, such as salads, other options may also seem like wise choices. Most fast food restaurants nowadays are catering to the need for people to eat healthily and nutritional information will
24、 be supplied to assist with their customers diet programs.,Pros,3. When choosing a fast food restaurant, there is one major deciding factor for many parents and children. They want a fast meal in a happy atmosphere where children can be themselves and are unlikely to complain about the food. In Chin
25、a people are rushing to Western fast-food chains to relax and enjoy not only the special taste but also the good environment.,Assignments,Write about the following topic: In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by international foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Discuss the reasons for this and suggest how the situation might be improved or resolved.Your should write at least 250 words.,Assignments,Conduct a research on “_” for next weeks mini-lecture.,Thank you!,
