1、Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?学习重点重要词汇词汇 相关提示cut v. 剪；切；割 请注意其过去式和过去分词形式均为 cut。experience n. 经历；体验 请留意其作可数名词和不可数名词时的用法。scare adj. 害怕的 请记住 be scared at/by, be scared of 等常用短语和结构。follow v.跟随 请掌握 follow 作动词的几种含义。happen v. 发生 请注意比较 happen 和 take place 的异同。bright adj.明亮的；发亮的 请掌握 bright
2、的多种含义。earth n.地球 请比较 on earth 和 on the earth 用法。take off 起飞 请掌握以 take 为核心的词组。run away 跑掉；逃走 记住由 run 构成的常见动词短语。重点句式What were you doing when.？ 当时,你正在做?I was doing.when 当时,我正在做Where were you when.? 当时,你正在哪儿?I was in/at./I was doingwhen 当时,我在/我正在做Where were you while.? 当时,你正在哪儿？重点语法掌握由 when 和 while 引导的时
3、间状语从句；掌握过去进行时。写作要求能够用英语描述在过去的某个时间内正在发生的事情或正在从事的活动。重点单词【巧记提示】 cut(切)nut( 坚果 ),切坚果。【经典例句】 I cut my finger.我把手指割破了。【考点聚焦】 1)cut 作动词时,其现在分词为 cutting;过去式和过去分词都为 cut。2)掌握其相关词组：cut across 抄近路穿过;打断 cut down 砍倒;减少 cut in 闯入 ,插嘴cut off 隔离【巧记提示】 land(土地)England( 英国),英国的土地。【经典例句】 The plane will land in five min
4、utes.飞机再过五分钟就要着陆。【考点聚焦】 1)land 作名词,意为是“陆地,土地” 。表示“土地”时,指可以耕种的田地或可以建筑的土地等,与 field 相同。表示“陆地”时,与 sea 相对。 land 也可指“国家”或“地区”。2)用作动词,意为“着陆；登岸；登陆”。【活学活用】1. land ( 反义词)_答案：take off【经典例句】 The experience of being a teacher is interesting.当一名老师的经历很有意思。【考点聚焦】 1)当 experience 作为“经历,体验”讲时,为可数名词。2)当 experience 作为“经
5、验” 讲时 ,为不可数名词。3)experience 还可作动词 ,意思是“ 经历；感受”。【巧记提示】 follow(跟随)fellow(家伙)【经典例句】 The boy followed his father out.孩子跟着他父亲走了出去。【考点聚焦】 1)派生词：follower n.追随者，信徒;following adj. 接着的，下面的2)follow 作为动词还有以下几种含义：沿着路前进(=go along.)；领会,听懂【活学活用】2. 改错He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow to him._答案：去掉 to【巧记提示】kid(欺骗
6、) lid(盖子),盖上盖子欺骗别人。【经典例句】 Dont believe him; he is only kidding you on.别相信他,他只是在和你开玩笑。【考点聚焦】 1)同义词为：fool, joke2)还可用作名词,意为“小孩,年轻人”。【巧记提示】 s+care(在意)+d【经典例句】 She was scared by the strange noise.她被奇怪的声响吓了一跳。【考点聚焦】 常用作表语形容词,意为“惊慌的,害怕的”。相当于 afraid,后面可跟 of 短语,也可跟不定式,还可跟 that 从句。常用搭配：be scared at/by 被吓着的,be
7、 scared of 害怕,be scared to do sth.害怕做,be scared that. 害怕【活学活用】3. 改写同义句She is scared to fly in a plane.She _ _ _flying in a plane.答案：is afraid of【经典例句】 He shouted for help.他大声呼救。【考点聚焦】 1)可用作动词, 意为“高呼,高喊”。2)shout 还可用作名词,意思同“call, cry”相近,意为“呼喊,喊叫声”。3)常用搭配：shout at sb.冲着某人大嚷 shout to sb.朝某人大声喊话 shout sb
8、. down 把某人轰下台 【活学活用】4. 翻译不要冲着我嚷。Dont _.答案：shout at me【巧记提示】 happen(发生)happy( 高兴)【经典例句】 Jack is telling the teacher what happened.杰克正在报告老师刚发生的事。【考点聚焦】 1)当 happen 表示“发生”时,它的主语只能是事不能是人。要想表达“某人/某物发生了什么事”用 sth. happened to sb. /sth.。2)happen 还可以作“碰巧”讲,常用短语 happen to do sth.,此短语不能用于现在进行时。也可用句型 It happened
9、 that.替换。3)比较 happen 和 take place 的异同：take place 意为“发生,( 预先决定的活动) 举行,举办”;happen 的主语常为预料之外的偶然的事。【活学活用】5. 用 happen 和 take place 的正确形式填空1)It_ that I had no money on me.2)The meeting_ next Friday.答案：1)happened 2)will take place【巧记提示】 any(任何)+where(哪里)【经典例句】 There isnt anywhere dirty in the small town.这个
10、小镇没有一个地方不干净。【考点聚焦】 1)常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中 ,意为“ 在什么地方,任何地方” 。2)anywhere 用于肯定句中,意为“ 随便什么地方”。3)anywhere, somewhere, nowhere 等词,有形容词修饰时,修饰词要后置。【巧记提示】 bright(明亮的)right( 正确)【经典例句】 The sun is bright in the daytime.太阳在白天是明亮的。【考点聚焦】 bright 用作形容词,可作表语、定语。有多种含义,主要有：1)adj.“明亮的,晴朗的” ，其反义词为 dark。2)adj.“聪明的,伶俐的”, 其同义词为
11、 clever,反义词为 foolish, stupid。3)adj.“充满希望的”, 同义词为 hopeful。【活学活用】6. 改写同义句Our classroom is not bright.Our classroom is _.答案：dark【巧记提示】 ear( 耳朵)+th【经典例句】 The earth is bigger than the moon.地球比月亮大。【考点聚焦】 1)earth 作名词时,是不可数名词,它还可以表示 “陆地,土,泥”等含义。2)比较 on earth 和 on the earth 用法：on the earth 表示在地球上；on earth 有两
12、种含义：在世上(=in the world);到底,究竟( 用于加强语气),常放在疑问代词 who, what 或疑问副词 when, where, why, how 之后,以加强疑问。【活学活用】7. 完成句子1)There are many kinds of animals _ _ _ (在地球上).2)What _ _happened to him?答案：1)on the earth 2)on earth重点短语get out of 从 出来；走出 【经典例句】 I was so tired that it was difficult to get out of bed.我很累,感到下不
13、了床。【考点聚焦】 1)get out 含义丰富,它可以表示“出来,出版,作出”等意思。2)get out of 也可表示“ 摆脱，去掉 ”。【活学活用】8. 完成句子Please_ (出去)the house, I want to learn my English.答案：get out oftake off 起飞【经典例句】 The plane takes off at 10:45. 飞机十点四十五分起飞。【考点聚焦】 1)take off 还有“脱下”的意思,其反义词组为：put on。2)take off 也可引申为事业、经济等的“腾飞，迅速发展”。3)take.off 常用于表达“休假
14、”。如：We take a day off every week.我们每星期休假一天。4)常见含有 take 的词组:take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 拿下,记下take in 接待 take up 开始从事 take it easy 别紧张,放松take the place of 代替 take place 发生 take upon/on oneself 承担责任【活学活用】9. 单项填空The plane will _two hours later.A. take away B. take off C. take up D. take back答案：B
15、run away 跑掉；逃走【经典例句】 Last night the thief ran away.昨晚小偷逃跑了。【考点聚焦】 1)run away 还有“失去控制” 的意思。2)run away with 意为“携某物潜逃”。3)常见的由 run 构成的动词短语：run across 偶遇 run along 走掉,离开 run out 跑出,用尽【活学活用】10. 完成句子老鼠看见猫很快跑了。The mice _ _quickly when he saw the cat.答案：ran awaytake place 发生【经典例句】 Great changes have taken pl
16、ace since 1976. 1976 年以来发生了巨大的变化。【考点聚焦】 注意相关词组的用法：take the place of/take ones place 代替；接替=instead of 。另 take ones place 还可以表示“就位,就坐”,相当于 take a seat。重点句子What were you doing when the UFO arrived?当飞碟(突然) 到达时,你正在做什么？【剖析】1)本句是一个含有 when 引导的时间状语从句的复合句,主句为 What were you doing。when 作连接词,有“(这时)突然”之意,when 引导的
17、从句用一般过去时 ,而主句常用过去进行时。2)arrive 意思是“到达”, 是不及物动词,如果要表示到达某处则需在其后加介词 in 或 at, in和 at 的区别仅在于所到之处是相对大或小而言,in 后接大地方 ,at 后跟小地点。【拓展】as, when, while 这三个词都有“当时候”之意,但用法有所不同,使用时要特别注意：(1)when 意为“在 时刻或时期”,它可兼指“时间点”或“ 时间段”,所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词,也可是持续性动词。(2)as 意为 “一边一边”或“与同时”,重在表示动作同时发生、伴随进行。(3)while 只指“时间段”, 不指“时间点”,从句
18、的动词只限于持续性动词。I was standing in front of the library.我正站在图书馆的前面。【剖析】1)本句为一个过去进行时的句子。其结构为 was/were+v.-ing,表示这个动作在过去某个时间内正在进行。2)in front of 意为“在的前面”,指位置在的前面,是外部的前面。【拓展】辨析 in front of 与 in the front ofin the front of 是指在某一范围内的前面；而 in front of 是指在某一范围以外的前面。如图：The policeman is in front of the car.The drive
19、r is in the front of the car.The station was crowded and Linda couldnt see Davy anywhere.车站很拥挤,琳达到处找不到大卫。【剖析】1)这是一个由 and 连接的并列句,表示前后两句为并列关系。2)be crowded 意为“ 拥挤的”。如：The classroom is very crowded.教室里很拥挤。注意：be crowded with 意为“挤满了”。【拓展】and 连接并列句时,还有以下用法：1)表示动作先后关系。2)表示条件和结果,常用于“祈使句+and+一般将来时”的句子中。People
20、 often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.人们常常记得他们在听说历史上重要事件时正在做什么。【剖析】这是一个宾语从句。what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history 作 remember 的宾语。从句部分是一个含有 when 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句,主句使用了过去进行时,从句使用的是一般过去时。【拓展】1)remember 后面可以接宾语从
21、句,还可以跟动词不定式和动名词结构。即：remember to do sth., remember doing sth.但二者意思不同。remember to do sth.表示“记得去做某事”;remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”。这是中考的一个热点。2)hear 表示“听到；听说”,其用法为：hear sb. /sth. do 或 hear sb. /sth. doing 表示“ 听到做某事”,是中考中考查的重点。当听见某件事的全过程用 hear sb. /sth. do sth.；当听见某件事正在进行用 hear sb. /sth. doing sth.。Altho
22、ugh some people may not remember who murdered him, they remember what they were doing when they heard about it.虽然许多人可能不会记得是谁谋杀了他,但是他们记得当他们听说这件事情时他们正在做什么。【剖析】1)本句是 although 引导的让步状语从句。前后两个分句均为宾语从句。前面一句 remember who murdered him 作 remember 的宾语；后一个句子是一个含有 when 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句 what they were doing when t
23、hey heard about it,作 remember 的宾语。2)hear about 意为“听说,听到”,同义词组为 hear of。【拓展】although 表示“虽然但是”,英语与汉语不同,表示“虽然但是”时,although 与 but 只用其中的一个,不能同时出现在句中。重点语法过去进行时1)过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。是由“was/were+现在分词 ”构成,was 用于第一、三人称单数,were 用于其他人称。经常与过去进行时连用的过去时间状语有：at this/that time, yesterday morning, at that
24、moment, at 10 oclock last night 等。2)另外,过去进行时还可以表示在过去某个时间即将发生的动作,不过,主要限于 come, go, leave, meet, arrive, take off (起飞) 等动词。3)判断句子是否用过去进行时,主要有三点:根据时间状语来判断。过去进行时常用到的时间状语有：at eight/ten oclock last night, at this/that time yesterday, at ten yesterday evening, from 7 to 10 yesterday evening 等。根据 when 或 whi
25、le 引导的状语从句来判断。过去进行时也常常与由 when 或 while 引导的时间状语从句连用。如：I was reading the newspaper when my father got home.当我爸爸到家时,我正在看报纸。根据上下文的意思来判断。在一些情况下,句子中没有出现时间状语,那就要通过上下文的意思来判断。如：Last night, I was watching TV. Suddenly the light was out.昨晚我正在看电视,突然灯熄灭了。when 与 while 引导的状语从句我们已经知道,过去进行时常用于 when，while 引导的状语从句中。但此时
26、的 when 与while 在句中扮演的是什么样的角色呢？它们之间又有何异同呢 ?句型：when 从句(一般过去时 )+主句(过去进行时)句型:when 从句( 过去进行时)+主句( 一般过去时)以下是在过去进行时中 when 与 while 可能出现的几种句型结构：(1)过去进行时中 “when” 的用法：when 从句(一般过去时 )+主句 (过去进行时)动作 fell into the sea fishing例句 When one of them fell into the sea, the boys were fishing.意义 主句动作正在进行过程中,又发生从句动作when 从句(
27、过去进行时 )+主句 (一般过去时)动作 walking dropped down to例句 When I was walking in the park, my wallet dropped down to the ground.意义 从句动作正在进行时,又有主句动作发生(2)过去进行时中 “while” 的用法：while 从句(过去进行时)+主句( 一般过去时)动作 watching began to rain例句 While I was watching the football game, it began to rain.意义 从句动作正在进行时,又发生主句动作while 从句(过
28、去进行时)+主句( 过去进行时)动作 washing cooking例句 While Dad was washing his car, Mum was cooking.意义 从句动作正在进行的同时,主句动作也在进行中特别提示:作为连接词,when 引导的从句既可以表示某一点时间(when 句型),后接瞬间性动词,又可表示某一段时间(when 句型 ),后接延续性动词；而 while 从句只能表示某一段时间 ,后接延续性动词。也就是说：当指一段时间时,when 可用 while 来代替；但当指一点时间时,when 不能用 while 来代替。例如:When we arrived in Shang
29、hai, it was just eight oclock.(when 指一点时间) When/While we were watching TV, he came in.(when 与 while 指一段时间) 但我们不能说：While we arrived in Shanghai, .【活学活用】 11. 单项填空1)Mary_ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案：C 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when 表时间的同时性， “玛丽在做衣服时” 提供事情发生的
30、背景，因此用过去进行时。2)As she _the newspaper, Granny _asleep.A. read; was falling B. was reading; fellC. was reading; was falling D. read; fell答案：B 句中的 as=when/while，意为“当之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行时。句意为 “在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了”。句中的 fell(fall 的过去时)是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。3)I thought the news_ important for us all.A. is B. was
31、 C. are D. were答案：B 主句用过去时，从句也应用过去时态。因从句主语 news 是不可数名词，所以只能填 was。4)I didnt see you at the meeting yesterday. Why?I _for a long distance call then from my daughter in Canada.A. waited B. have waited C. was waiting D. will wait 答案：C 句子意思为“ 昨天在会上我没有看见你， ”“那时我正在等我女儿从加拿大打来的长途电话， ”表示的是过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时
32、。5)When I got to the factory, the workers _about the film.A. are talking B. talked C. were talking D. have talked答案：C 当（从句）某一动作发生时， （主句）又发生了另一个动作，应用过去进行时。例题精讲经典例题阅读理解(2006 长春中考)*Now in Tanzania there is not enough rain to help crops(庄稼) grow or to keep animals healthy and there is not enough food to
33、 eat. The International Red Cross hopes more and more countries will help the poor people in this country.*Xinhua News, tourists will spend 48 hours by train going from Beijing to Lhasa from July 1,2006. The most important part of the line, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been completed. It is the hig
34、hest railway in the world. The Beijing-Lhasa train will run at the highest speed of 160 km an hour on the plain, but it will run at 120 km an hour when it reaches the Qinghai-Taibet area.*Yesterday, for the first time, Shanghai won the bidding(申办) for the World Expo 2010 after beating the rivals(对手)
35、 from Russia, Mexico, Poland and South Korea.The World Expo 2010 and the 2008 Beijing Olympics will become the two shining stars of Chinas development over the next few years. The World Expo, Olympics and World Cup are considered the three top international events in the world. The Expo was first he
36、ld in London in 1851. In its history, China is the first developing country to win the bid.*Ba Jin, one of Chinas greatest writers, died in Shanghai at 7:06 pm on October 17,2005. He was 101. He wrote lots of books with six million words in total, including Family, Sping, Autumn, and Autumn in Sping
37、. The four books are regarded as landmarks(里程碑) of modern Chinese culture. In 2003,Ba Jin was called “Peoples Writer”.1. In Tanzania crops cant grow well because there is _.A. no farmer B. less help C. no land D. less rain2. Shanghai succeeded in bidding for _.A. the 2008 Beijing Olympics B. the 200
38、5 International Books ExpoC. the World Expo 2010 D. the FIFA World Cup 20063. Ba Jin was born in _.A. 1904 B. 1905 C. 1906 D. 19074. The Qinghai-Tibet train will run at the speed of _an hour.A. 160 km B. 120 km C. 300 km D. 100 km5. In the history of the World Expo, China is the_ developing country
39、to win the bid.A. first B. second C. third D. fourth解题思路：这是四篇新闻。第一篇说坦桑尼亚遇到干旱,呼吁其他国家给予帮助。第二篇说青藏铁路通车,从北京到拉萨只须 48 小时。火车在平原的最高时速可达 160 千米,但在青藏地区时速为 120 千米。第三篇说上海成功申办 2010 年世博会。2008 年的奥运会与2010 年的世博会将是中国未来发展的明星。第四篇报道著名作家巴金逝世,享年 101 岁。1. D 由第一篇新闻中的第一句话可判断。2. C 根据第三篇新闻中的句子 “Shanghai won the bidding for the
40、World Expo 2010. ”可判断,本题 答案 。3. A 从第四篇报道可知,巴金逝世于 2005,101 岁,所以可推断他老人家是 1904 年出生的。4. B 从第二篇新闻中的句子“.,but it will run at 120 km an hour when it reaches the Qinghai-Tibet area”可判断,本题答案为 B。5. A 从第三篇新闻的最后一句话中可以找到本题答案。解题陷阱：有的同学做第 4 题时,只注意了火车在平原的最高时速可达 160 千米,而忽略了后面的“but it will run at 120 km an hour when i
41、t reaches the Qinghai-Tibet area”。所以错误地选了 A 项。根据短文内容,用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空,每空一词。climb play buy snow enjoy land feel love have swimThe day of our trip to Japan finally arrived. Our plane left Beijing at 8:30 am and 1 safely in Tokyo after about four hours. The weather was nice.The next day, we went to the
42、Disneyland(迪斯尼乐园).It was a really interesting place. We 2 great fun there.On the third day of our trip, we 3 Mount Fuji(富士山).It was 4 when we got to the top of it. I 5 a bit cold.In the evenings, I 6 sports with my father in the hotel, but my mother didnt. She 7 to shop. When we were 8 one evening,
43、she went to the shopping mall in the hotel. She 9 a lot of clothes.We 10 our trip to Japan very much. I hope to visit this country again very soon.解题思路：1. landed 表示飞机着陆用动词 land。2. had have fun 相当于 have a good time。3. climbed 表示 “爬山” 用动词 climb。4. snowing 这里是过去进行时,应用动词的现在分词,snow “下雪”。5. felt 因为 cold 为
44、形容词,所以这里需要用系动词 feel 的过去式填写。6. played play sports “做运动”,为固定词组。7. loved love to do sth.意思为 “喜欢做某事”。8. swimming 根据句子意思,这里用表示 “游泳”的 swimming 填写。9. bought 去商店是买东西的。10. enjoyed 根据意思进行填写。解题陷阱：第 7 题中同学们容易填写 has,造成出错的原因是他们认为此处是固定搭配have to。巧学园地巧记 10 个瞬间性动词常见的瞬间性动词有:die(死),come(来),go(去),leave(离开),arrive(到达),be
45、gin( 开始),buy( 买),join(加入),borrow(借进),return(归还) 等 10 个动词。这 10 个瞬间性动词可用两句口诀来帮助记忆:开始离去,借来还,出生入死,买到家。说明:1. “开始离去,借来还” 为 begin, leave, go, borrow, come, return 六词；2. “出生入死,买到家” 为 join, die, buy, arrive 四词。自我训练达标训练.用所给动词的适当形式填空1. This time yesterday Jack_ (mend)his bike.2. I_ (write)a letter at ten last
46、night.3. It was six. The Greens _ (have)supper.4. When you_ (knock)at the door yesterday, I_ (do)some washing.5. While my mother _ (watch)TV, I_ (make)a kite.答案：1.was mending this time yesterday 是经常与过去进行时连用的时间状语。2.was writing 根据时间状语来判断 at ten last night 是过去进行时经常用到的时间状语。3.were having 根据上下文的意思来判断,六点钟，
47、他们正在吃晚餐。4.knocked；was doing 过去进行时常常用在由 when 引导的状语从句中。5.was/is watching；was/is making while 引导的状语从句中主从句的动作同时发生，而不是一前一后时,主从句均使用进行时。.根据句意以及所给首字母补全单词1. I get up at a 6:30 every day.2. Look! An a is getting out of the UFO.3. The children s to the driver, but he didnt hear them.4. Dont be s . It cant hurt
48、 you.5. I dont believe you. Are you k ?6. They work in a barber shop. They are all b .7. W the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.8. My mother was busy cooking in the k .9. Where is Linda?Shes ill. I think shes at the d .10. What h to you last night?I had a little accident.答案：1.around 大约(about)在 6：30 2.alien 由 UFO 可推测为：外星人3.shouted shout to sb.向大声叫喊，由 he didnt hear 可知应该用过去时。4
